ABSTRACT
Thermal processes can be very damaging to the nutritional and sensory quality of foods. Non-thermal technologies have been applied to reduce the impact of heat on food, reducing processing time and increasing its efficiency. Among many non-thermal technologies, cold plasma is an emerging technology with several potential applications in food processing. This technique can be used to preserve and sanitize food products, and act as a pre-treatment for drying, extraction, cooking, curing, and hydrogenation of foods. Furthermore, the reacting plasma species formed during the plasma application can change positively the sensory and nutritional aspects of foods. The aim of this review is to analyze the main findings on the application of cold plasma as a pre-treatment technology to improve food processing. In its current maturity stage, the cold plasma technology is suitable for reducing drying time, increasing extraction efficiency, as well as curing meats. This technology can convert unsaturated into saturated fats, without forming trans isomers, which can be an alternative to healthier foods. Although many advantages come from cold plasma applications, this technology still has several challenges, such as the scaling up, especially in increasing productivity and treating foods with large formats. Optimization and control of the effects of plasma on nutritional and sensory quality are still under investigation. Further improvement of the technology will come with a higher knowledge of the effects of plasma on the different chemical groups present in foods, and with the development of bigger or more powerful plasma systems.
Subject(s)
Plasma Gases , Food , Food Handling/methods , Food Quality , Food Preservation/methodsABSTRACT
Para buscar elementos experimentales que soporten la hipótesis según la cual se forman estructuras cristalinas Cu-Ni o, eventualmente, Cu-Ni-SiO2 en la síntesis de catalizadores para la hidrogenación de aceite de soya, se prepararon mezclas de estos tres materiales a partir de sales de los metales con sílice (aerosil). Se calcinaron a 270 °C y se redujeron a 330 °C en atmósfera de hidrógeno. En los materiales reducidos se estudió el difractógrama de RX en el rango 37 a 53°, y se comparó con el difractograma de aleaciones Cu-Ni -en las cuales se conoce la formación de cristales mixtos-, y con los difractogramas de los elementos puros Cu y Ni. Los resultados muestran señales de difracción diferentes a las señales de los componentes puros. La actividad catalítica se muestra diferente en los materiales que presentan distorsión en su estructura cristalina.
Looking for experimental facts that support the hypothesis of formation of Cu-Ni or Cu-Ni-SiO2 crystals formation hypo- thesis in the syntesis of catalytic materials for soja oil hydrogenation, different mixtures of the metals nitrates with SiO2 (aerosil), were prepared and calcined at 270 oC, then reduced in hydrogen atmosphere at 330 oC. RX Diffraction registers of the prepared materials, Ni-Cu alloys, Ni and Cu pure metals, show that differences in diffraction signal in prepared materials exist with respect to pure metals. The catalytic activity show differences too.
Para procurar elementos experimentais que suportem a hipótese segundo a qual se formam estruturas cristalinas Cu-Ni ou eventualmente Cu-Ni-SiO2 na síntese de catalisadores para a hidrogenación de azeite de soya, prepararam-se misturas destes três materiais a partir de sais dos metais com sílice (aerosil). Se calcinaron a 270 °C e se reduziram a 330 °C em atmosfera de hidrogênio. Nos materiais reduzidos se estudou o difractógrama de RX na casta 36 a 53 graus, e se comparou com o difractógrama de ligas de metais Cu-Nem, nas quais se conhece a formação de cristais mistos, e com os difractógramas dos elementos puros Cu e Nem. Os resultados mostram que se apresentam sinais de difracção diferentes aos sinais dos componentes puros. A atividade catalítica se mostra diferente nos materiais que apresentam distorção em sua estrutura cristalina.