Oculopalpebral prosthesis prototype design using the additive manufacturing technique: A case study.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has advanced for applications in the field of reconstructive surgery. This study reports the application of a comprehensive methodology to obtain an anatomical model, using computed tomography and 3D printing, to treat a patient with cancer who designed a prototype oculopalpebral prosthesis for the reconstruction of the affected area of the face (left eye). A personalized prototype was obtained, which adapted to the face of the person, and improved the aesthetics and quality of life. The applied techniques helped to make definitive prostheses using materials that could be permanent. The training and tests carried out in this study favored the understanding and assimilation of the technology and the possibility of applying it to patients in need of facial prosthetic rehabilitation.

Dressing to prevent surgical site infection in adult patients with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To identify the most effective dressing for application to surgical wounds with primary closure to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) in adult patients with cancer undergoing elective surgeries. METHODS: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, with online searches conducted in the CINHAL, Cochrane Central, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Livivo, and Web of Science databases. An additional search was conducted in gray literature using Google Scholar. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Development and Evaluation, and the results were synthesized in a descriptive manner and using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eleven randomized clinical trials were conducted to compare different types of dressing-silver dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 3), mupirocin dressing with paraffin/no dressing (n = 1), honey-based dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 1), vitamin E and silicone-containing dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 1), and negative pressure wound therapy with absorbent dressing (n = 4)-and compare the usage duration of absorbent dressing (n = 1). Nine trials presented a low risk of bias, and two were classified as having uncertain bias. Compared with absorbent dressing, silver dressing did not reduce the risk of developing any type of SSI in 894 clinical trial participants (risk relative RR: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.44, 1.17] p = 0.18). Compared with absorbent dressing, negative pressure wound therapy did not reduce the risk of developing any type of SSI in the 1041 participants of two clinical trials (RR 0.68; 95% CI [0.31, 1.26] p = 0.22). The certainty of evidence of the three meta-analyses was considered low or very low for the prevention of SSI. We believe that this low certainty of evidence can be improved by conducting new studies in the future. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence regarding which dressing is the most effective in preventing SSI in adult patients with cancer.

International Society of Paediatric Surgical Oncology (IPSO) Surgical Practice Guidelines.

Most children with tumors will require one or more surgical interventions as part of the care and treatment, including making a diagnosis, obtaining adequate venous access, performing a surgical resection for solid tumors (with staging and reconstruction), performing procedures for cancer prevention and its late effects, and managing complications of treatment; all with the goal of improving survival and quality of life. It is important for surgeons to adhere to sound pediatric surgical oncology principles, as they are closely associated with improved local control and survival. Unfortunately, there is a significant disparity in survival rates in low and middle income countries, when compared to those from high income countries. The International Society of Paediatric Surgical Oncology (IPSO) is the leading organization that deals with pediatric surgical oncology worldwide. This organization allows experts in the field from around the globe to gather and address the surgical needs of children with cancer. IPSO has been invited to contribute surgical guidance as part of the World Health Organization Initiative for Childhood Cancer. One of our goals is to provide surgical guidance for different scenarios, including those experienced in High- (HICs) and Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). With this in mind, the following guidelines have been developed by authors from both HICs and LMICs. These have been further validated by experts with the aim of providing evidence-based information for surgeons who care for children with cancer. We hope that this initiative will benefit children worldwide in the best way possible. Simone Abib, IPSO President Justin T Gerstle, IPSO Education Committee Chair Chan Hon Chui, IPSO Secretary.

Benefícios de abreviação de jejum pré-operatório em pacientes oncológicos cirúrgicos / Benefits of abbreviation preoperative fasting on surgical oncological patients

Objetivo ­ Avaliar os benefícios da abreviação de jejum pré-operatória em pacientes cirúrgicos oncológicos, analisando os sintomas apresentados no período pré-operatório, as complicações existentes no pós-operatório e o tempo de internação. Métodos ­ O estudo é do tipo prospectivo, de coorte e observacional. Apresentou uma amostra de 208 pacientes que foram divididos entre grupo intervenção e grupo controle (que fizeram a abreviação de jejum pré-operatório, e que não fizeram, respectivamente) e teve como método de avaliação do estado nutricional o Índice de Massa Corpórea. Também foi analisado a incidência de fome e sede e foi utilizado uma escala analógica visual (EVA) para determinar náuseas e vômitos. Resultados ­ O grupo que recebeu suplemento específico apresentou menor sensação de sede e fome com diferença muito significativa (p<0,000), porém, apresentou mais complicações pós-cirúrgicas (p = 0,002), maior tempo de internação (p < 0,000) e maior frequência de náuseas e vômitos, mas sem diferença significante (valor de p igual a 0,0666 e 0,365, respectivamente). Conclusão ­ A ingesta de suplemento específico de rápida absorção em até duas horas no pré-operatório apresentou efeitos benéficos no conforto do paciente, diminuindo a sensação de fome e sede. No entanto, nesse estudo não houve melhora nas náuseas, complicações no pós-operatório e no tempo de internação

Objective ­ To evaluate the benefits of the abbreviation for preoperative fasting in surgical oncology patients, analyzing the symptoms presented in the preoperative period, the existing complications in the postoperative period and the length of hospital stay. Methods ­ The study is a prospective, cohort and observational study. It presented a sample of 208 patients who were divided into an intervention group and a control group (who abbreviated preoperative fasting and who did not, respectively) and had the Body Mass Index as a method of assessing nutritional status. The incidence of hunger and thirst was also analyzed and a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine nausea and vomiting. Results ­ The group that received a specific supplement had less sensation of thirst and hunger with a very significant difference (p <0.000), however, it presented more post-surgical complications (p = 0.002), longer hospital stay (p <0.000) and greater frequency of nausea and vomiting, but with no significant difference (p-value equal to 0.066 and 0.365, respectively). Conclusion ­ The intake of specific supplement with rapid absorption in up to two hours in the preoperative period had beneficial effects on the patient's comfort, reducing the sensation of hunger and thirst. However, in this study there was no improvement in nausea, complications in the postoperative period and length of stay

Anestesia total intravenosa en cirugía oncológica de mama / Total intravenous anesthesia in breast oncology surgery

Introducción: La anestesia total intravenosa se caracteriza por estabilidad hemodinámica, profundidad anestésica, recuperación rápida y predecible, menor cantidad de medicamentos y menor toxicidad. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la anestesia total intravenosa en cirugía oncológica de mama. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, entre enero de 2016 a diciembre 2016, en 100 pacientes a las que se les administró anestesia total intravenosa con midazolam y fentanilo para proceder quirúrgico oncológico de mama. En ellas se determinó la repercusión hemodinámica, el nivel de sedación, analgesia, la recuperación y complicaciones. Resultados: La media de la edad de las pacientes fue 58,99 ± 12,5 años. De las pacientes en estudio 92 por ciento no presentó signos clínicos de superficialidad. Solo 21 pacientes presentaron complicaciones. Las variaciones de la tensión arterial fueron las más frecuentes (16 por ciento), seguidas de la bradicardia o taquicardia en solo cuatro casos. De forma inmediata se recuperó 74 por ciento de los casos y 26 por ciento restante lo hizo de manera mediata. El nivel de sedación fue adecuado en 50 por ciento y excesivo en 4 por ciento. Del total de los casos, 99 por ciento experimentaron respuesta analgésica sin dolor. Conclusiones: Los resultados del uso de anestesia total intravenosa fueron buenos, con adecuada respuesta analgésica y escasas complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Total intravenous anesthesia is characterized by hemodynamic stability, anesthetic depth, rapid and predictable recovery, less medication and less toxicity. Objective: To describe the outcomes of total intravenous anesthesia in breast cancer surgery. Method: A descriptive, longitudinal study was carried out in Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical-Surgical Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2016, in 100 patients who were administered total intravenous anesthesia with midazolam and fentanyl for breast oncology surgery. The patients were determined hemodynamic repercussion, the level of sedation, analgesia, recovery and complications. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.99±12.5 years. Among the patients under study, 92 percent did not present clinical signs of superficiality. Only 21 patients presented complications. Variations in blood pressure were the most frequent (16 percent), followed by bradycardia or tachycardia in only four cases. Immediately, 74 percent of the cases were recovered and the remaining 26 percent did so timely. The level of sedation was adequate in 50 percent and excessive in 4 percent. Among the total number of cases, 99 percent experienced analgesic response without pain. Conclusions: The outcomes of total intravenous anesthesia usage were good, with adequate analgesic response and few complications(AU)

Incidental papillary thyroid carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst case report.

INTRODUCTION: The thyroglossal cyst is found in 7% of the population and the incidental papillary thyroid carcinoma in thyroglossal cyst is a rare entity with an incidence 1 to 2%. The clinical presentation is indistinguishable from a benign lesion and the histopathological postoperative study defines the diagnosis. Papillary carcinomas have favorable prognosis and cervical or distant metastases are rare. There is now a consensus on the indication of total thyroidectomy, radioablation with iodine and/or suppressive therapy with levothyroxine after being removed surgically [1-3] (Patrucco et al., 2015; Gupta et al., 2014; Choi et al., 2013). CASE REPORT: 46-year-old female patient with an asymptomatic midline neck mass consistent with a thyroglossal cyst. That was excised by Sistrunk's procedure and an intraoperative biopsy that reports papillary carcinoma infiltrating the capsule. It was decide to complete the total thyroidectomy without complications, evolution is consistent and graduated euphonious and no evidence of hypoparathyroidism. DISCUSSION: Management dilemmas regarding the roles for total thyroidectomy are reviewed in the context of relevant evidence based literature. CONCLUSION: The initial evaluation of carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst includes careful examination, ultrasound and biopsy fine needle aspiration. Sistrunk's procedure is adequate treatment for thyroglossal cyst but find another diagnosis as papillary thyroid carcinoma makes us continue with a total thyroidectomy after discuss the case with experts [4,5] (Tharmabala and Kanthan, 2013; Miranda-Aguirre et al., 2008).

Abordaje de la vía aérea en la cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello / Approaching airways in oncology surgery of the head and neck

Introducción: la vía aérea del paciente oncológico se comporta como una vía respiratoria difícil conocida donde la incidencia se incrementa, así como la morbimortalidad, dado por las condiciones propias del paciente, de su enfermedad de base y de los tratamientos adyuvantes. Objetivo: identificar la incidencia de vía aérea difícil del paciente oncológico cuyo proceder quirúrgico se encuentra en la cabeza y el cuello. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo en el Hospital Docente de Oncología «María Curie¼ en el período de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2010. La muestra incluyó 210 pacientes estudiados con el propósito de identificar la morbimortalidad de la vía aérea difícil en Cirugía Oncológica de cabeza y cuello en nuestra Institución. Resultados: la gran mayoría de pacientes se encontraba entre ASA II y ASA III. La obesidad, tumoraciones de vía aérea y antecedentes de radioterapia influyeron en al aparición de vía aérea difícil. Poca incidencia de ventilación difícil (3,3 por ciento) e intubación fallida (0,4 por ciento), con relación a la laringoscopia difícil (26,2 por ciento), e intubación difícil (30,9 por ciento). Existió coexistencia de ambas entre ellas. La estrategia más usada fue la intubación con el paciente dormido, conservación de la ventilación espontánea y técnicas no invasivas. La máscara laríngea clásica, la máscara laríngea para intubar o Fastrach, y la guía de Eschmann fueron los métodos alternativos más usados. No se presentaron complicaciones. Conclusiones: el adecuado pronóstico y estrategia de abordaje de la vía aérea difícil eleva los niveles de supervivencia de los pacientes tratados por procedimientos quirúrgicos oncológicos de cabeza y cuello(AU)

Background: the airways in an oncology patient behaves like a known difficult airway in which the incidence increases as well as morbimortality because of the own conditions of the patient, his basic disease and adjuvant treatments. Objective: to identify the incidence of difficult airway in the oncology patient that undergoes surgical procedure of in the head and neck. Methods: a descriptive prospective study was conducted in "María Curie" Oncology Teaching Provincial Hospital during the period from January 2010 to December 2010. The sample included 210 patients studied with the purpose of identifying morbimortality of the difficult airway in Oncology Surgery of the head and neck in our institution. Results: the great majority of patients were between ASA II and ASA III. Obesity, tumors of the airway, and a history of radiotherapy influenced the appearance of a difficult airway. There was a low incidence of difficult ventilation (3, 3 percent), failed intubations (0, 4 percent), in relation to difficult laryngoscopy (26, 2 percent) and difficult intubations (30.9 percent). Coexistence of both existed between them. The most used strategy was asleep intubation, maintenance of spontaneous ventilation and non-invasive techniques. The classic laryngeal mask, the laryngeal mask for intubations or Fastrach, and Eschmann guide were the most commonly used alternative methods. There were no complications. Conclusions: the adequate prognosis and strategy for approaching the difficult airway increases survival rates in patients treated by oncologic surgical procedures of the head and neck(AU)

Abordaje de la vía aérea en la cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello / Approaching airways in oncology surgery of the head and neck

Introducción: la vía aérea del paciente oncológico se comporta como una vía respiratoria difícil conocida donde la incidencia se incrementa, así como la morbimortalidad, dado por las condiciones propias del paciente, de su enfermedad de base y de los tratamientos adyuvantes. Objetivo: identificar la incidencia de vía aérea difícil del paciente oncológico cuyo proceder quirúrgico se encuentra en la cabeza y el cuello. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo en el Hospital Docente de Oncología «María Curie¼ en el período de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2010. La muestra incluyó 210 pacientes estudiados con el propósito de identificar la morbimortalidad de la vía aérea difícil en Cirugía Oncológica de cabeza y cuello en nuestra Institución. Resultados: la gran mayoría de pacientes se encontraba entre ASA II y ASA III. La obesidad, tumoraciones de vía aérea y antecedentes de radioterapia influyeron en al aparición de vía aérea difícil. Poca incidencia de ventilación difícil (3,3 %) e intubación fallida (0,4 %), con relación a la laringoscopia difícil (26,2 %), e intubación difícil (30,9 %). Existió coexistencia de ambas entre ellas. La estrategia más usada fue la intubación con el paciente dormido, conservación de la ventilación espontánea y técnicas no invasivas. La máscara laríngea clásica, la máscara laríngea para intubar o Fastrach, y la guía de Eschmann fueron los métodos alternativos más usados. No se presentaron complicaciones. Conclusiones: el adecuado pronóstico y estrategia de abordaje de la vía aérea difícil eleva los niveles de supervivencia de los pacientes tratados por procedimientos quirúrgicos oncológicos de cabeza y cuello.

Background: the airways in an oncology patient behaves like a known difficult airway in which the incidence increases as well as morbimortality because of the own conditions of the patient, his basic disease and adjuvant treatments. Objective: to identify the incidence of difficult airway in the oncology patient that undergoes surgical procedure of in the head and neck. Methods: a descriptive prospective study was conducted in "María Curie" Oncology Teaching Provincial Hospital during the period from January 2010 to December 2010. The sample included 210 patients studied with the purpose of identifying morbimortality of the difficult airway in Oncology Surgery of the head and neck in our institution. Results: the great majority of patients were between ASA II and ASA III. Obesity, tumors of the airway, and a history of radiotherapy influenced the appearance of a difficult airway. There was a low incidence of difficult ventilation (3, 3 %), failed intubations (0, 4 %), in relation to difficult laryngoscopy (26, 2 %) and difficult intubations (30.9 %). Coexistence of both existed between them. The most used strategy was asleep intubation, maintenance of spontaneous ventilation and non-invasive techniques. The classic laryngeal mask, the laryngeal mask for intubations or Fastrach, and Eschmann guide were the most commonly used alternative methods. There were no complications. Conclusions: the adequate prognosis and strategy for approaching the difficult airway increases survival rates in patients treated by oncologic surgical procedures of the head and neck.

Profilaxis antimicrobiana en cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica / Antimicrobial prophylaxis related to otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery

La profilaxis antimicrobiana disminuye las infecciones quirúrgicas, pero su empleo indiscriminado favorece el incremento de las tasas de infección, pues la resistencia bacteriana es mucho más probable en presencia de antibióticos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los resultados de la antibioticoprofilaxis en la cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica. Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva-descriptiva del uso profiláctico de antibióticos en cirugía mayor electiva en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Comandante Manuel Fajardo, durante 6 años (2001-2006). El universo estuvo constituido por 661 pacientes y se estudiaron variables como sexo, edad y criterios de respuesta terapéutica (satisfactorio e insatisfactorio). Según la envergadura de la intervención, se administró antibioticoprofilaxis oral o parenteral y se realizó cultivo del sitio de la herida quirúrgica. Predominó el sexo masculino (54,1 por ciento) y el grupo etario de 31 a 62 años. Requirió profilaxis antibiótica el 41,90 por ciento de los pacientes operados. Ocurrió un 7,9 por ciento de infecciones de la herida quirúrgica. Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter y Escherichia coli. En las cirugías oncológicas de cabeza y cuello, el promedio de infecciones fue elevado (42,3 por ciento). La evolución tórpida se debió a la concurrencia de factores de riesgo de infección. No se reportaron eventos adversos ni complicaciones graves. En otorrinolaringología, la profilaxis antimicrobiana funciona contra una amplia gama de microorganismos, pero no ocurre así en las cirugías oncológicas(AU)

Antimicrobial prophylaxis decreases the surgical infections, but its indiscriminate use to favors the increment of infection rates and the bacterial resistance is much more probable in presence of antibiotics. The aim of present research was to evaluate the results of antibiotic prophylaxis in the otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery. A retrospective-descriptive research was made on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in this type of surgery in the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the Comandant Manuel Fajardo during 6 years (2001-2006). Sample included 661 patients and the following variables were studied: sex, age and therapeutic response criteria (satisfactory and non-satisfactory). According to the intervention complexity oral antibiotic or parenteral prophylaxis was administered carrying out a surgical hound site culture. There was a predominance of male sex (54,1 percent) and the 31 and 62 age group. The 41,90 percent of patients operated on required antibiotic prophylaxis. The was a 7,9 percent of surgical wound infections. The more frequent microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter and Escherichia. In head and neck oncology surgeries infection average was high (42,3 percent). Torpid course was due to concurrence of infection risk factors. There were neither adverse events nor severe complications. In Otorhinolaryngology, antimicrobial prophylaxis works against a wide variety of microorganisms but not in the Oncology surgeries(AU)

Profilaxis antimicrobiana en cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica / Antimicrobial prophylaxis related to otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery

La profilaxis antimicrobiana disminuye las infecciones quirúrgicas, pero su empleo indiscriminado favorece el incremento de las tasas de infección, pues la resistencia bacteriana es mucho más probable en presencia de antibióticos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los resultados de la antibioticoprofilaxis en la cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica. Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva-descriptiva del uso profiláctico de antibióticos en cirugía mayor electiva en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Comandante Manuel Fajardo, durante 6 años (2001-2006). El universo estuvo constituido por 661 pacientes y se estudiaron variables como sexo, edad y criterios de respuesta terapéutica (satisfactorio e insatisfactorio). Según la envergadura de la intervención, se administró antibioticoprofilaxis oral o parenteral y se realizó cultivo del sitio de la herida quirúrgica. Predominó el sexo masculino (54,1 por ciento) y el grupo etario de 31 a 62 años. Requirió profilaxis antibiótica el 41,90 por ciento de los pacientes operados. Ocurrió un 7,9 por ciento de infecciones de la herida quirúrgica. Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter y Escherichia coli. En las cirugías oncológicas de cabeza y cuello, el promedio de infecciones fue elevado (42,3 por ciento). La evolución tórpida se debió a la concurrencia de factores de riesgo de infección. No se reportaron eventos adversos ni complicaciones graves. En otorrinolaringología, la profilaxis antimicrobiana funciona contra una amplia gama de microorganismos, pero no ocurre así en las cirugías oncológicas

Antimicrobial prophylaxis decreases the surgical infections, but its indiscriminate use to favors the increment of infection rates and the bacterial resistance is much more probable in presence of antibiotics. The aim of present research was to evaluate the results of antibiotic prophylaxis in the otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery. A retrospective-descriptive research was made on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in this type of surgery in the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the Comandant Manuel Fajardo during 6 years (2001-2006). Sample included 661 patients and the following variables were studied: sex, age and therapeutic response criteria (satisfactory and non-satisfactory). According to the intervention complexity oral antibiotic or parenteral prophylaxis was administered carrying out a surgical hound site culture. There was a predominance of male sex (54,1 percent) and the 31 and 62 age group. The 41,90 percent of patients operated on required antibiotic prophylaxis. The was a 7,9 percent of surgical wound infections. The more frequent microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter and Escherichia. In head and neck oncology surgeries infection average was high (42,3 percent). Torpid course was due to concurrence of infection risk factors. There were neither adverse events nor severe complications. In Otorhinolaryngology, antimicrobial prophylaxis works against a wide variety of microorganisms but not in the Oncology surgeries