Online Age Verification: Government Legislation, Supplier Responsibilization, and Public Perceptions.

There are widespread concerns about the online harms to children operating online. As such, governments have enacted laws to require online service providers to deploy age verification to prevent such harms. We investigate the following three research questions regarding this topic: (1) To what extent have different governments legislated age verification controls? (2) Do governments embrace a responsibilization strategy when it comes to online age verification? and (3) How does the UK public feel about online age verification legislation? We find that governments are applying a responsibilization strategy, which has led to widespread deployment of privacy-invasive or ineffective age verification. The former violates the privacy of underage users, with the latter undermining the overarching aims of the legislation. We have also found general disengagement and a lack of trust in the government amongst the public with regards to new online age verification laws within the UK. To conclude, despite governments globally looking to put more robust online age verification mechanisms in place, there remains a general lack of privacy preservation and affordable technological solutions. Moreover, the overarching aims of the online safety and age verification legislative changes may not be satisfied due to the general public stakeholder group's disengagement and lack of trust in their government.

Experiência de psicólogas(os) brasileiras(os) com atendimento psicológico online durante a primeira onda da pandemia de covid-19 / Brazilian psychologists' experience with online psychotherapy during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic / Experiencia de los psicólogos brasileños con la atención psicológica en línea durante la primera ola de la pandemia de la covid-19

Com a emergência da pandemia de Covid-19, as(os) psicólogas(os) passaram a oferecer atendimento online para pacientes que até então eram atendidos de forma presencial. Na maior parte dos casos, essa mudança se deu de forma improvisada e sem capacitação prévia. Nesse contexto, este estudo, de caráter descritivo-exploratório, quanti-qualitativo e com delineamento transversal, buscou compreender a experiência das(os) psicólogas(os) na transição das intervenções da modalidade presencial para o atendimento remoto durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil, identificando dificuldades e lacunas percebidas nas orientações disponibilizadas pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia. Participaram da pesquisa 385 psicólogas(os). Utilizou-se um questionário online para a coleta dos dados, distribuído por meio de uma plataforma digital entre maio e novembro de 2020. O estudo também foi divulgado em grupos da categoria profissional da psicologia em diversas redes sociais. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de análise estatística descritiva, e as respostas para as questões abertas por meio de análise temática reflexiva. Os achados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: (a) lacunas percebidas nas orientações quanto à escolha da plataforma digital; (b) lacunas quanto ao preenchimento do cadastro no site E-Psi ; e (c) falta de treinamento adequado para realizar a transição para o formato online. Entre os principais resultados, destacaram-se a insegurança gerada pela falta de preparo prévio das(os) profissionais e a resistência de alguns clientes a aceitar a transposição dos atendimentos do modelo presencial para o online. Espera-se que o mapeamento das principais dificuldades enfrentadas pela categoria contribua para qualificar o debate sobre a efetividade das orientações disponibilizadas para as(os) psicólogas(os).(AU)

With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists began to offer online consultations to their patients, who were previously seen in person. In most cases, this change happened in an improvised way and with no prior training required. In this context, this study, of a descriptive-exploratory, quanti-qualitative character with cross-sectional design, aimed to understand the experience of psychologists in the transition from in-person to remote modality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying difficulties and gaps regarding the guidelines provided by the Federal Council of Psychology. A total of 385 psychologists participated in the research. An online questionnaire was used for data collection, distributed via a digital platform between May and November 2020. The study was also shared in professional Psychology groups on several social networks. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, and the answers to the open questions by reflective thematic analysis. The findings were organized into three thematic categories: (a) gaps perceived in the guidance regarding the choice of the digital platform; (b) gaps regarding the completion of the registration on the E-Psi website; and (c) lack of adequate training to make the transition to the online format. Among the main results were the insecurity generated by the lack of previous preparation of the professionals and the resistance of some clients to accept the transposition of the face-to-face services to the online model. It is expected that the mapping of the main difficulties faced by the category will contribute to qualify the debate about the effectiveness of the orientations made available to psychologists.(AU)

Con la emergencia de la pandemia de Covid-19, las(os) psicólogas(os) comenzaron a ofrecer atención psicológica en línea a pacientes que hasta entonces eran atendidos de forma presencial. Este cambio se producía a menudo de forma improvisada y sin la formación previa necesaria. Este estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cuanticualitativo, con enfoque transversal, tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de estos profesionales en la transición del trabajo presencial al remoto durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en Brasil, identificando dificultades y lagunas percibidas en las directrices del Consejo Federal de Psicología. Participaron en la investigación 385 psicólogos(as). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario en línea distribuido por plataforma digital entre mayo y noviembre de 2020. El estudio también se difundió en grupos de la categoría profesional de la Psicología en diversas redes sociales. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante análisis estadístico descriptivo, y las respuestas a las preguntas abiertas mediante análisis temático reflexivo. Los resultados se organizaron en tres categorías temáticas: (a) lagunas percibidas en la orientación sobre la elección de la plataforma digital; (b) lagunas relativas a la realización de la inscripción en el sitio web E-Psi ; y (c) falta de formación adecuada para realizar la transición al formato en línea. Entre los principales resultados, destacaron la inseguridad generada por la falta de preparación previa de los profesionales y la resistencia de algunos clientes a aceptar la transición de los servicios del modelo presencial al modelo en línea. Se espera que el estudio de las principales dificultades a las que se enfrenta la categoría contribuya a matizar el debate sobre la eficacia de las orientaciones puestas a disposición de los(as) psicólogos(as).(AU)

Evaluation of InSAR Tropospheric Delay Correction Methods in the Plateau Monsoon Climate Region Considering Spatial-Temporal Variability.

The tropospheric delay caused by the temporal and spatial variation of meteorological parameters is the main error source in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) applications for geodesy. To minimize the impact of tropospheric delay errors, it is necessary to select the appropriate tropospheric delay correction method for different regions. In this study, the interferogram results of the InSAR, corrected for tropospheric delay using the Linear, Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR (GACOS) and ERA-5 atmospheric reanalysis dataset (ERA5) methods, are presented for the study area of the junction of the Hengduan Mountains and the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau, which is significantly influenced by the plateau monsoon climate. Four representative regions, Eryuan, Binchuan, Dali, and Yangbi, are selected for the study and analysis. The phase standard deviation (STD), phase-height correlation, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data were used to evaluate the effect of tropospheric delay correction by integrating topographic, seasonal, and meteorological factors. The results show that all three methods can attenuate the tropospheric delay, but the correction effect varies with spatial and temporal characteristics.

Online Service with Automated Interpretation of Sequencing Data and Prediction of Pyrazinamide Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Pyrazinamide plays an important role in the treatment of tuberculosis. However, the microbiological test for pyrazinamide resistance is more complex and less reliable than testing of susceptibility to other anti-tuberculosis drugs due to the need to grow the pathogen at pH 5.5. Identification of mutations that cause resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs can replace microbiological methods. Mutations in the pncA gene are responsible for the main mechanism of the resistance to pyrazinamide and are found in more than 90% of resistant strains. However, the genetic method for determining drug susceptibility is very complex, because mutations leading to pyrazinamide resistance are diverse and scattered throughout the gene. We have developed a software package for automatic data interpretation and prediction of the resistance to pyrazinamide based on Sanger sequencing results. The effectiveness of detection of pyrazinamide resistance in 16 clinical samples was compared using the BACTEC MGIT 960 automated system and pncA gene Sanger sequencing with automated analysis of the results. A significant advantage of the developed method over a single microbiological study was shown, due to greater reliability of the results irrespective of the purity of isolates.

A novel model for predicting prolonged stay of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a 13-year (2010-2022) multicenter retrospective case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Length of stay (LOS) is an important metric for evaluating the management of inpatients. This study aimed to explore the factors impacting the LOS of inpatients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and develop a predictive model for the early identification of inpatients with prolonged LOS. METHODS: A 13-year multicenter retrospective study was conducted on 83,776 patients with T2DM to develop and validate a clinical predictive tool for prolonged LOS. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model and multivariable logistic regression analysis were adopted to build the risk model for prolonged LOS, and a nomogram was taken to visualize the model. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves were used to respectively validate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability of the model. RESULTS: The result showed that age, cerebral infarction, antihypertensive drug use, antiplatelet and anticoagulant use, past surgical history, past medical history, smoking, drinking, and neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio were closely related to the prolonged LOS. Area under the curve values of the nomogram in the training, internal validation, external validation set 1, and external validation set 2 were 0.803 (95% CI [confidence interval] 0.799-0.808), 0.794 (95% CI 0.788-0.800), 0.754 (95% CI 0.739-0.770), and 0.743 (95% CI 0.722-0.763), respectively. The calibration curves indicated that the nomogram had a strong calibration. Besides, decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curves exhibited that the nomogram had favorable clinical practical value. Besides, an online interface ( https://cytjt007.shinyapps.io/prolonged_los/ ) was developed to provide convenient access for users. CONCLUSION: In sum, the proposed model could predict the possible prolonged LOS of inpatients with T2DM and help the clinicians to improve efficiency in bed management.

Who benefits and appreciates more? An evaluation of Online Service-Learning Projects in Mainland China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Previous studies have reported the feasibility and benefits of online service learning, but little is known about who benefits more from online SL and who is more satisfied. This study addressed these questions based on an evaluation of online service learning projects implemented in Xi'an and Chengdu, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pretest-posttest comparison showed significant positive changes in two intended learning outcomes (i.e., positive youth development qualities and service leadership qualities) and life satisfaction before and after the service among participating students in the Xi'an project. Cross-lagged modeling based on Xi'an and Chengdu data revealed that students with better initial positive youth development qualities tended to show increased service leadership qualities and life satisfaction after the service, while initial service leadership qualities did not predict positive youth development qualities and life satisfaction after the service. However, the two-line test indicated that some of these relationships might be curvilinear. Finally, Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated that students who experienced greater changes in positive youth development qualities and service leadership qualities reported better appraisal of course qualities, teacher performance, and course effectiveness, while multiple regression analyses showed the unique effects of change in service leadership qualities (but not change in positive youth development qualities) on the perception of teacher performance and course effectiveness. Altogether, this study not only showcases the potential benefits of online SL, but also provides initial evidence suggesting the variation in (perceived) benefits by students' psychosocial competencies and learning experiences.

Effectiveness of online HIV treatment services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges with respect to HIV care services. Remote online services might provide an effective method for health service delivery to people living with HIV (PLHIV). Few studies have focused on the efficacy of telemedical services for PLHIV and the effect of antiretroviral treatment via online services in China. Methods: We developed a platform called the "No. 8 Health" for online antiretroviral drug collection and delivery services in Beijing from January 21 to June 30, 2022. We evaluated the online treatment service according to viral load suppression rates and compared differences in social characteristics between PLHIV who received antiretroviral drugs through online or offline treatment services. Results: By June 2022, 9528 PLHIV had received outpatient treatment services, among which 44.6% (4031/9528) used the online treatment and drug delivery services for a total of 5590 person-times. The satisfaction rate was 100%. Rates of viral load suppression among PLHIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2020 and 2021 were 96.4% and 93.1%, respectively. Results showed that the viral load suppression rate was 97.9%. Regarding HIV rapid self-testing, 4513 men who have sex with men used the online HIV rapid testing service. The number of users was approximately the same as in 2021, but both were slightly lower than those in 2020. Conclusion: This study was the first to evaluate the effect of online drug collection and delivery services and virologic outcomes among PLHIV in China. The online service helped with maintenance of ART services, but the COVID-19 pandemic still had some impacts on viral load suppression.

Web-Based Service Provision of HIV, Viral Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, Testing, Linkage, and Treatment for Key Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite the growth of web-based interventions for HIV, viral hepatitis (VH), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for key populations, the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to inform the World Health Organization guidelines for HIV, VH, and STI prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services for key populations by systematically reviewing the effectiveness, values and preferences, and costs of web-based outreach, web-based case management, and targeted web-based health information for key populations (men who have sex with men, sex workers, people who inject drugs, trans and gender-diverse people, and people in prisons and other closed settings). METHODS: We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase in May 2021 for peer-reviewed studies; screened abstracts; and extracted data in duplicate. The effectiveness review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for RCTs and the Evidence Project and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools for non-RCTs. Values and preferences and cost data were summarized descriptively. RESULTS: Of 2711 records identified, we included 13 (0.48%) articles in the effectiveness review (3/13, 23% for web-based outreach; 7/13, 54% for web-based case management; and 3/13, 23% for targeted web-based health information), 15 (0.55%) articles in the values and preferences review, and 1 (0.04%) article in the costs review. Nearly all studies were conducted among men who have sex with men in the United States. These articles provided evidence that web-based approaches are as effective as face-to-face services in terms of reaching new people, use of HIV, VH, and STI prevention services, and linkage to and retention in HIV care. A meta-analysis of 2 RCTs among men who have sex with men in China found increased HIV testing after web-based outreach (relative risk 1.39, 95% CI 1.21-1.60). Among men who have sex with men in the United States, such interventions were considered feasible and acceptable. One cost study among Canadian men who have sex with men found that syphilis testing campaign advertisements had the lowest cost-per-click ratio on hookup platforms compared with more traditional social media platforms. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based services for HIV, VH, and STIs may be a feasible and acceptable approach to expanding services to key populations with similar outcomes as standard of care, but more research is needed in low-resource settings, among key populations other than men who have sex with men, and for infections other than HIV (ie, VH and STIs).

Impact of the absence of dental support on cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: This study identifies the impact of the absence of dental support for patients with cancer whose clinical dental care was interrupted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: Individuals with oncologic diseases were selected from a telephone list of a Clinical Research Center (CRC) that specialized in the care of patients with cancer at the Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP). The convenience sample comprised 280 patients (aged > 18 years) with a history of cancer that underwent dental treatment at the FOB/USP CRC in 2019 and did not receive care in 2020 owing to the pandemic. The participants completed a questionnaire sent via email or a text messaging application. Individuals receiving treatment or who were already treated for cancer were divided into two groups for data tabulation. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's and chi-square tests. RESULTS: Of the 280 patients, 104 answered the questionnaire, and 75 (72.1%) were women. Among the women, 45 (60.0%) were receiving antineoplastic treatment, and 30 (40.0%) had already been treated. Among the men, 15 (51.7%) were receiving antineoplastic treatment, and 14 (48.3%) had already been treated. Regarding oral problems that arose during the pandemic, dental pain when eating hot or cold food or drinks (57.0%), muscle pain (53.8%), and difficulties when chewing (51.0%) were the most common reported among patients. Furthermore, most individuals reported not having received any type of remote dental follow-up, before being contacted by our team, which could contribute to reducing these oral problems. CONCLUSION: It is impossible to say whether the absence of dental support in cancer patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a negative impact on oral issue rates.

Exploring the Nexus Between E-Business Processes and Organizational Performance: Can Technological Opportunism Play Any Role?

The digitization of business processes has gained much scholarly and practical attention in the recent past. To understand their effectiveness, particularly in connection to organizational performance, the current study developed and tested a comprehensive framework. Through obtaining data from 350 manufacturing businesses, the study investigated using Smart PLS3 and found a significant influence of online procurement, channel management, and service delivery capabilities on organizational performance. Furthermore, the study also found the significant direct and moderating potential of technological opportunism to harness organizational performance. The study concludes that e-business processes serve as crucial resources and capabilities for businesses to achieve their goals and objectives. The study offers contributory implications for theory and practice indicating for strategic investment of e-business processes for businesses aiming to boost their performance.

La telesalud como estrategia de atención primaria en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Colombia / Telehealth as a primary care strategy in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Colombia

Resumen Introducción: la monitorización de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una estrategia costo-efectiva, la cual, con un abordaje integral, disminuye los gastos derivados de la atención. La telesalud es una herramienta enfocada en este propósito. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en describir el uso de la telesalud para el monitoreo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Colombia, bajo el marco de la atención primaria. Métodos: se realizó una revisión narrativa mediante la búsqueda en bases de datos (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane y EMBASE) y documentos oficiales. Se reunieron 154 documentos y con un análisis de contenido, se seleccionaron 45 artículos y documentos. Resultados: la telesalud es una herramienta útil en el control de pacientes con diabetes. En los estudios revisados se evidencia el potencial de la telesalud en la reducción de los costos y el adecuado control glucémico de esta población. Las herramientas de la tecnología y la comunicación junto con la telesalud, en pacientes diabéticos, podrían favorecer su adecuado autocontrol, beneficiando la disminución de los gastos al sistema de seguridad social. Conclusiones: el uso de la telesalud se presenta como una alternativa para el control glucémico de los pacientes y debe considerarse por parte de los médicos de atención primaria, pues son la puerta de entrada al sistema de salud. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios sobre el tema para determinar su beneficio exacto como herramienta para el control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Colombia, bajo el marco de la atención primaria en salud.

Summary Introduction: Monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is a cost-effective strategy, which with a comprehensive approach, reduces the costs of care. Telehealth is an adequate tool focused on this purpose. Objective: To describe the use of telehealth for monitoring type 2 diabetes mellitus in Colombia under the primary care framework. Methods: A narrative review was carried out by searching databases (PubMed, Google Scholar ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and EMBASE) and official documents. In total, 154 documents were collected; subsequently, a content analysis was carried out and 45 articles and documents were selected. Results: Telehealth is a useful tool in the control of patients with diabetes. In the reviewed studies, the potential of telehealth in reducing costs and adequate glycemic control in this population is evidenced. The tools of technology and communication, together with telehealth in diabetic patients, could favor their adequate self-control, reduction the costs to the social security system. Conclusions: The use of telehealth is presented as an alternative for patients with diabetes, which should be considered by primary care physicians who are the gateway to the health system. However, more studies are needed on the subject, to determine accurately the benefit of telehealth as a tool for control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Colombia, under the framework of primary health care.

Stand Together by Staying Apart: Extreme Online Service-Learning during the Pandemic.

Service-Learning (SL) is an experience that allows students to (a) participate in activities co-designed in partnership by universities and local organizations and (b) reflect on the service activity in such a way as to gain an enhanced sense of responsibility. These experiences represent significant ways to meet and experience real-world contexts for students. The COVID-19 pandemic required Higher Education Institutions to rethink and shift in-presence courses to online platforms. This transition included SL courses as well. This study aimed to explore the responsibility and democratic dimensions elicited by an extreme online Service-Learning (XE-SL) experience and the perceptions of engaging in exclusive online service activities with local communities during the COVID-19 Italian national quarantine. A qualitative driven mixed-method longitudinal approach was chosen to triangulate qualitative (reflexive journal) and quantitative (pre-post questionnaire) data from 20 university students. The findings shed a positive light on the capability of XE-SL to promote a sense of responsibility, civic engagement, and the acquirement of democratic and transferrable competencies, such as perspective-taking, adaptability, cultural background respect, global mindedness, teamwork, leadership, communication, creativity, and organizational competencies. Reflection, connection, and being agents of change for the community were perceived as the major assets of the XE-SL experience, while adapting face-to-face SL experiences to exclusively online activities evoked ambivalent feelings in students. The study suggests a rethinking of the design XE-SL and other forms of eSL with the inclusion of more structured interactive activities within community contexts to favor students' sense of connection to the community organizations or NGOs.

Analysis of the SPARK study COVID-19 parent survey: Early impact of the pandemic on access to services, child/parent mental health, and benefits of online services.

Children with ASD receive a multitude of educational, medical, and therapeutic services. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, all of these services came to a complete halt following strict lockdowns. Many services have resumed in a hybrid format using face to face and virtual modes of delivery. This study describes findings from the COVID-19 impact survey administered at the onset of the pandemic in a subgroup of families from the SPARK cohort (N = 6393), one of the largest ASD cohorts in the US. The differential early impact of COVID-19 on various subgroups of children with ASD and their families was examined. Caregivers of children and adolescents with ASD between 19 months and 18 years completed an online survey inquiring about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on access to services, parent concerns about the same, impact on child's ASD-related behaviors, child, and parent mental health, and the benefits/potential benefits of online/future online services. Analysis revealed that certain demographic (age, income/SES) and child-related factors (repetitive behaviors, language, functional, cognitive, and motor impairments, and child's understanding), as well as parent's past mental health were associated with/predicted greater service disruptions, greater ASD-related behaviors, and greater negative impact on parent mental health. In conclusion, younger children, children from low-income families, and children with greater impairment severity (more severe repetitive behaviors, language, cognitive, function, language, and motor impairments) were more negatively impacted by the pandemic through service disruptions, increased ASD-related behaviors, parent health/family impact, and found online interactions to be less beneficial. LAY SUMMARY: The SPARK study impact survey shows that at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, parents reported significant service disruptions, negative impact on their child's ASD-related behaviors as well as their own mental health; which was greater in families with younger children, children with greater ASD severity, and children from low-income families. Majority of families did not report significant benefits of online services whereas some families did. Low-income families were hopeful about receiving benefits through future online services. Overall, these findings have important implications for future clinical care delivery and healthcare policies to ensure that healthcare services are not interrupted during a potential resurgence of COVID-19 or other pandemics. A combination of in-person and online healthcare and family support services must be implemented to prevent negative health impacts in the future.

Online mental health interventions in COVID-19 times: Systematic review

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the face-to-face intervention modalities aimed at the population's health and motivated the search for other resources. In mental health assistance, online interventions have become an important option, but little is known about this type of assistance. This study aimed to gather empirical evidence about online mental health interventions in times of COVID-19. The systematic review carried out on an international and Brazilian basis, between the months of January and December / 2020, resulted in 1444 materials published in English and Portuguese. 95 articles were selected for full reading, of which 28 articles were considered to compose this review. The results showed that adults and health professionals were the ones who most sought care in mental health and did so through telephone and video calls. The complaints that motivated the search for assistance were the presence of feelings of anxiety, depression, panic, eating disorder and ADHD. Online care has shown positive and effective effects on mental health care for adults with psychological disorders. These promising findings pose challenges to professional ethical issues, especially high-risk patients. In addition, the limitations of online service regarding access to the internet connection and the mastery of technology by the professional and the user must be considered.(AU)

A pandemia de COVID-19 alterou as modalidades presenciais de intervenção voltadas à saúde da população e motivou a busca de outros recursos. Na assistência à saúde mental, as intervenções on-line tornaram-se uma importante opção, mas pouco ainda se sabe sobre este tipo de assistência. Este estudo objetivou reunir evidências empíricas sobre as intervenções on-line em saúde mental em tempos de COVID-19. A revisão sistemática realizada em bases internacionais e brasileiras, entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro/2020, resultou em 1444 materiais publicados em inglês e português. Foram selecionados 95 artigos para a leitura na íntegra, dos quais 28 artigos foram considerados para compor esta revisão. Os resultados mostraram que adultos e profissionais de saúde foram os que mais buscaram atendimento em saúde mental, por meio de ligação telefônica e de videochamada. As principais motivações para a busca de assistência foram sentimentos de ansiedade, depressão, pânico, transtorno alimentar e TDAH. Os atendimentos on-line mostraram efeitos positivos e de eficácia no cuidado em saúde mental de adultos com problemas psicológicos. Esses achados promissores impõem desafios às questões éticas profissionais, especialmente quanto aos cuidados com pacientes de alto risco. Adicionalmente, limitações do atendimento on-line quanto ao acesso à internet e ao domínio da tecnologia pelo profissional e o usuário devem ser consideradas.(AU)

La pandemia COVID-19 cambió las modalidades de intervención presencial orientadas a la salud de la población y motivó la búsqueda de otros recursos. En la asistencia en salud mental, las intervenciones en línea se han convertido en una opción importante, pero se sabe poco sobre este tipo de asistencia. Este estudio tenia como objetivo recopilar evidencia empírica sobre las intervenciones de salud mental en línea en tiempos de COVID-19. La revisión sistemática realizada a nivel internacional y brasileño, entre los meses de enero y diciembre de 2020, arrojó 1444 materiales publicados en inglés y portugués. Se seleccionaron 95 artículos para lectura completa, de los cuales 28 artículos fueron considerados para componer esta revisión. Los resultados mostraron que los adultos y los profesionales de la salud fueron los que más buscaron atención en salud mental por medio de llamadas telefónicas y video llamadas. Las quejas que motivaron la búsqueda de asistencia fueron la presencia de sentimientos de ansiedad, depresión, pánico, trastorno alimentario y TDAH. La atención en línea ha mostrado efectos positivos y efectivos en la atención de la salud mental para adultos con problemas psicológicos. Estos hallazgos prometedores plantean desafíos a las cuestiones éticas profesionales, especialmente en lo que respecta a la atención de pacientes de alto riesgo. Además, se deben considerar las limitaciones del servicio en línea en cuanto al acceso a la conexión a internet y el dominio de la tecnología por parte del profesional y del usuario.(AU)

Grupos de apoyo en línea, una alternativa frente al cáncer de mama / Online support groups, an alternative to breast cancer

El cáncer de mama es el cáncer más frecuente en las mujeres, con un 25.2%, y se presenta tanto en los países desarrollados como en los países en desarrollo. Su incidencia desafortunadamente continúa en aumento pese a las campañas de concientización en todo el mundo; por ejemplo, durante todo el mes de octubre se promueven la sensibilización y la detección oportuna. Todos los esfuerzos siempre serán bienvenidos a fin de lograr el máximo bienestar de las pacientes, y es por eso que desde la década de 1990 surgieron numerosos grupos de apoyo con la finalidad de proporcionar soporte a las mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, en los que se identificó que había múltiples beneficios tanto emocionales como fisiológicos, además de favorecer el afrontamiento de su enfermedad y con efectos positivos en cuanto a la supervivencia. Y son justo los tópicos que se abordan en los grupos de apoyo los que pueden ayudar no solo a las pacientes, sino también a sus familias, a su red de apoyo y en particular a su cuidador primario, quien desempeña un rol fundamental en el proceso que llevará la paciente a lo largo de su tratamiento médico.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women with 25.2% and occurs in both developed and developing countries, its incidence unfortunately continues to increase despite awareness campaigns worldwide, for example during throughout the month of October awareness and timely detection are promoted. All efforts will always be welcome in order to achieve the maximum well-being of patients, and that is why since the 1990s a large number of support groups emerged worldwide, with the purpose of providing support to women with diagnosis. of breast cancer, where it was identified that there were multiple benefits both emotional and physiological, in addition to favoring the coping of their disease with positive effects in terms of survival. And it is precisely the topics that are addressed in the support groups that can help, not only the patients but also their families, their support network and in particular their primary caregiver. Who plays a fundamental role in the process that the patient will take throughout her medical treatment.

Microbiome Search Engine 2: a Platform for Taxonomic and Functional Search of Global Microbiomes on the Whole-Microbiome Level.

Metagenomic data sets from diverse environments have been growing rapidly. To ensure accessibility and reusability, tools that quickly and informatively correlate new microbiomes with existing ones are in demand. Here, we introduce Microbiome Search Engine 2 (MSE 2), a microbiome database platform for searching query microbiomes in the global metagenome data space based on the taxonomic or functional similarity of a whole microbiome to those in the database. MSE 2 consists of (i) a well-organized and regularly updated microbiome database that currently contains over 250,000 metagenomic shotgun and 16S rRNA gene amplicon samples associated with unified metadata collected from 798 studies, (ii) an enhanced search engine that enables real-time and fast (<0.5 s per query) searches against the entire database for best-matched microbiomes using overall taxonomic or functional profiles, and (iii) a Web-based graphical user interface for user-friendly searching, data browsing, and tutoring. MSE 2 is freely accessible via http://mse.ac.cn For standalone searches of customized microbiome databases, the kernel of the MSE 2 search engine is provided at GitHub (https://github.com/qibebt-bioinfo/meta-storms).IMPORTANCE A search-based strategy is useful for large-scale mining of microbiome data sets, such as a bird's-eye view of the microbiome data space and disease diagnosis via microbiome big data. Here, we introduce Microbiome Search Engine 2 (MSE 2), a microbiome database platform for searching query microbiomes against the existing microbiome data sets on the basis of their similarity in taxonomic structure or functional profile. Key improvements include database extension, data compatibility, a search engine kernel, and a user interface. The new ability to search the microbiome space via functional similarity greatly expands the scope of search-based mining of the microbiome big data.

Determinants of Patients' Intention to Use the Online Inquiry Services Provided by Internet Hospitals: Empirical Evidence From China.

BACKGROUND: Internet hospitals show great potential for adequately fulfilling people's demands for high-quality outpatient services, and with the normalization of the epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19, internet hospitals play an increasingly important role in delivering health services to the public. However, the factors that influence patients' intention to use the online inquiry services provided by internet hospitals remain unclear. Understanding the patients' behavioral intention is necessary to support the development of internet hospitals in China and promote patients' intention to use online inquiry services provided by internet hospitals during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of patients' intention to use the online inquiry services provided by internet hospitals based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). METHODS: The hypotheses of our research model were developed based on the TPB. A questionnaire was developed through patient interviews, verified using a presurvey, and used for data collection for this study. The cluster sampling technique was used to include respondents with chronic diseases. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. RESULTS: A total of 638 valid responses were received from patients with chronic diseases. The goodness-of-fit indexes corroborated that the research model was a good fit for the collected data. The model explained 45.9% of the variance in attitude toward the behavior and 60.5% of the variance in behavioral intention. Perceived behavioral control and perceived severity of disease had the strongest total effects on behavioral intention (ß=.624, P=.004 and ß=.544, P=.003, respectively). Moreover, perceived convenience, perceived information risk, emotional preference, and health consciousness had indirect effects on behavioral intention, and these effects were mediated by attitude toward the behavior. Among the four constructs, perceived convenience had the highest indirect effect on behavioral intention (ß=.207; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived behavioral control and perceived severity of disease are the most important determinants of patients' intention to use the online inquiry services provided by internet hospitals. Therefore, internet hospitals should further optimize the design of online service delivery and ensure a reasonable assembly of high-quality experts, which will benefit the promotion of patients' adoption intention toward online inquiry services for health purposes. Perceived convenience, emotional preference, and perceived risks also have effects on behavioral intention. Therefore, the relevant quality control standards and regulations for internet hospitals should be further developed and improved, and the measures to protect personal information should be strengthened to ensure the patient safety. Our study supports the use of the TPB in explaining patients' intention to use online inquiry services provided by internet hospitals.

Exploring the Effect of Market Conditions on Price Premiums in the Online Health Community.

Online health communities allow doctors to fully use existing medical resources to serve remote patients. They broaden and diversify avenues of interaction between doctors and patients using Internet technology, which have built an online medical consultation market. In this study, the theory of supply and demand was adopted to explore how market conditions of online doctor resources impact price premiums of doctors' online service. Then, we investigated the effect of the stigmatized diseases. We used resource supply and resource concentration to characterize the market conditions of online doctor resources and a dummy variable to categorize whether the disease is stigmatized or ordinary. After an empirical study of the dataset (including 68,945 doctors), the results indicate that: (1) the supply of online doctor resources has a significant and negative influence on price premiums; (2) compared with ordinary diseases, doctors treating stigmatized diseases can charge higher price premiums; (3) stigmatized diseases positively moderate the relationship between resource supply and price premiums; and (4) the concentration of online doctor resources has no significant influence on price premiums. Our research demonstrates that both the market conditions of online doctor resources and stigmatized diseases can impact price premiums in the online medical consultation market. The findings provide some new and insightful implications for theory and practice.

Pilot phase of an internet-based RCT of HIVST targeting MSM and transgender people in England and Wales: advertising strategies and acceptability of the intervention.

BACKGROUND: The SELPHI study (An HIV Self-Testing Public Health Intervention) is an online randomised controlled trial (RCT) of HIV self-testing (HIVST). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of recruiting UK men who have sex with men (cis and trans) and trans women who have sex with men to the SELPHI pilot, and the acceptability of the HIVST intervention used among those randomised to receive a kit. METHODS: A mixed-methods approach to assessing trial feasibility and intervention acceptability was taken, using quantitative data from advertising sources and RCT surveys alongside qualitative data from a nested sub-study. RESULTS: Online recruitment and intervention delivery was feasible. The recruitment strategy led to the registration of 1370 participants of whom 76% (1035) successfully enrolled and were randomised 60/40 to baseline testing vs no baseline testing. Advertising platforms performed variably. Reported HIVST kit use increased from 83% at two weeks to 96% at three months. Acceptability was very high across all quantitative measures. Participants described the instructions as easy to use, and the testing process as simple. The support structures in SELPHI were felt to be adequate. Described emotional responses to HIVST varied. CONCLUSIONS: Recruiting to a modest sized HIVST pilot RCT is feasible, and the recruitment, intervention and HIVST kit were acceptable. Research on support needs of individuals with reactive results is warranted.

Evaluation of satisfaction and internet self-efficacy of inquirers using an internet-based drug information centre.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction level of inquirers of an internet-based drug information centre along with the internet usage abilities and habits of individuals who had previously utilised services from an internet-based drug information centre in Turkey. METHODS: The first 100 individuals who received medication consultancy from the webpage entitled "www.ilacpedia.com" and consented to participate in the study were included in this study. This website is an internet-based drug information centre. Participants' data were collected using a participant data form and the Internet Self-efficacy Scale. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 37.92 ± 12.32 years (71 female). It was found that 89% of the individuals who received pharmaceutical consultation from the internet-based drug information service believed that the information that they received was enough to solve their problem. The internet self-efficacy scale scores indicated the highest score on the decomposition subscale (20.94 ± 6.18) and the lowest on the communication subscale (9.77 ± 3.57). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the internet-based drug information service provided by clinical pharmacists contributed positively to users' satisfaction, thus indicating the importance of the involvement of clinical pharmacists in this process.