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Int. j interdiscip. dent. (Print) ; 16(2): 125-131, ago. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514258

ABSTRACT

Comprender desde la determinación social de la salud el papel de los procesos generales, particulares y singulares sobre la realización del derecho a salud bucal de mujeres en periodo de post-parto en Santiago de Chile. Diseño cualitativo exploratorio con mujeres primíparas o multíparas en primer trimestre postparto, beneficiarias FONASA usuarias de Chile Crece Contigo. Se aplicó encuesta de clasificación social, exámenes clínicos, entrevistas semiestructuradas o grupos de discusión. Para el nivel general se analizó profusa información referencial. Existen procesos generales que favorecen la realización del derecho a salud bucal como las políticas de protección integral a la infancia, la priorización de la atención en salud en gestantes; la existencia de derechos adquiridos para la embarazada: permiso pre y post natal y fuero maternal. Desfavorece el modelo de desarrollo neoliberal y consecuentes condiciones de pobreza, la inequidad de género y el énfasis cultural en la responsabilidad femenina sobre el cuidado. Los procesos críticos actúan en los tres niveles del modelo teórico. Si bien en el nivel particular se identifica un avance en las políticas públicas, este no redunda en una efectiva realización del derecho a nivel singular pues enfrenta elementos estructurales del nivel general, sobre todo en el ámbito laboral y cultural.


Objective: To understand from the framework of social determination of health the role of general, particular and singular processes in the realization of the right to oral health for women in the postpartum period and their newborn children during the first year of life, in Santiago de Chile. Materials and Methods: Exploratory qualitative design with FONASA beneficiary women and newborn children. A social classification survey, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were applied to primiparous or multiparous women of childbearing age in the first postpartum trimester, beneficiaries of the Intersectoral Program ÒChile Crece ContigoÓ. Discussion: For the general level, extensive reference information was analyzed. Results: Some general processes favor the realization of the right to oral health, such as comprehensive protection policies for children, the dynamics of the health care system, and the existence of acquired rights for pregnant women, such as pre and post-natal, and maternity leave. The processes that disfavor its realization are the neoliberal development model, the conditions of poverty, gender inequity (income, employment/unemployment) and cultural factors such as the emphasis on female responsibility for care. Conclusions: The critical processes for the realization of the right to oral health act at the three levels of the theoretical model. There is an advance in public policies at the individual level. However, this does not result in an effective realization of the right at a singular level since it confronts structural elements of the general level, especially in the work and cultural field.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Oral Health , Public Health , Postpartum Period , Right to Health , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires
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