Myiasis Encountered in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report.

Myiasis is a rare parasitic condition, caused by fly larvae infesting human tissues. Its consequences can be severe, as deafness, blindness, extensive tissue loss, and even death can occur due to the infestation. We present a case of myiasis in a 62-year-old Pakistani woman with advanced well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing palliative chemotherapy. The patient presented with an extensive, necrotic lesion in the submental and submandibular region infested with live larvae. Management included mechanical removal over three sessions and ivermectin. Once all the larvae were eradicated, the patient was referred to the plastic surgery department for reconstruction. This case report highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for myiasis in patients with OSCC, particularly those with extensive ulcerated lesions. Educating at-risk individuals and healthcare providers on myiasis and the importance of wound hygiene is crucial for reducing the burden of this preventable complication.

Oral Myiasis in an Immunocompromised Adult Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Rare Case and Comprehensive Treatment Protocol.

Oral myiasis, a rare condition caused by the infestation of live maggots in the oral cavity, can present unique challenges in immunocompromised individuals. This case report presents a unique case of oral myiasis in an immunocompromised adult undergoing chemotherapy. A 67-year-old female suffering from metastatic carcinoma of the ovary was undergoing chemotherapy treatment at the time of presentation. Prompt diagnosis and management, including larval removal, wound care, and systemic antibiotics, were initiated. This case highlights the susceptibility of immunocompromised individuals to uncommon complications, such as oral myiasis, due to their compromised immune system. It also emphasizes the need for heightened vigilance in the oral care and monitoring of immunocompromised patients undergoing chemotherapy, as well as the importance of early intervention to prevent potential complications associated with oral myiasis. In this article, we have also included a comprehensive treatment protocol for treating this condition based on our clinical experience.

Oral myiasis: A known case of scar epilepsy in a 45-year-old.

Key Clinical Message: Oral myiasis (OM) is brought on by parasitic larvae that consume both living and dead tissue. Our study aims to present the possible circumstances under which people suffer from this deteriorating condition in juxtaposition to scar epilepsy. Abstract: A uncommon disease known as oral myiasis (OM) is brought on by parasitic larvae that consume both living and dead tissue. OM cases in humans are scarce, although most of those reported come from developing nations or tropical regions. This case report describes a rare larvae infestation in the oral cavity of a 45-year-old woman who had previously undergone a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure, convulsions, and fever. The patient presented with episodic grand-mal seizures accompanied by fever for 2 days. She is a known case of scar epilepsy and underwent VP shunting due to hydrocephalus post-meningoencephalitis 16 years ago. The patient subsequently underwent symptomatic treatment and was later diagnosed with OM during her management. Histopathology of the biopsy following wound debridement revealed invasive fungal growth causing necrosis and erosion of the buccal mucosa and palate with no evidence of malignancy. The presentation of OM is an infrequent and exclusively rare entity. Our study aims to present the possible circumstances under which people suffer from this deteriorating condition in juxtaposition to scar epilepsy. This case report highlights the significance of prompt medicinal intervention and debridement coupled with preventative measures undertaken for a better prognosis and longevity.

Oral myiasis affecting paediatric patients: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Oral myiasis is a rare condition caused by Dipteran larvae that feed on living or dead tissues, ingested food or body fluids. It affects immunocompromised individuals with low socioeconomic status or those unable to maintain proper hygiene. Cases of oral myiasis are scarce but debilitating in children. We conducted a systematic review to understand the nature of disease, its causative factors, treatment and ways to prevent the occurrence of this condition among children. METHODOLOGY: The review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted on major databases using keywords in combination with Boolean Operators. Manuscripts discussing cases of oral myiasis in paediatric patients were included in the review. RESULTS: The exhaustive literature search and evaluation of full texts revealed 32 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 68 cases of oral myiasis were reported from 2 to 16 years of children, majorly involving gingiva of maxillary anterior region and palate. CONCLUSION: The dreadful condition of myiasis can be prevented by decreasing the number of flies, maintenance of good hygiene and by educating the susceptible population. Affected children must be managed by following proper treatment regimens.

A Rare Case of Oral Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata in an Intubated Patient from Southeast Turkey

The infestation of human and animal tissues or organs by the larvae of flies is collectively termed as myiasis. The occurrence of oral myiasis is analogously low compared with cutaneous myiasis as oral tissues are not habitually exposed to the external environment. Oral myiasis predominantly affects the periodontium, buccal and/or palatal mucosa, lips, and tongue. The prevalence of myiasis is substantially higher in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in developing countries. This research adduces a case of oral myiasis related to palatal gingiva in a young boy who was intubated due to pneumonia.

Absceso odontogénico de difícil manejo como forma de presentación de miasis oral por mosca doméstica / Odontogenic abscess difficult to manage as a form of presentation of oral myiasis caused by domestic fly

Los abscesos odontogénicos son un motivo de consulta frecuente en Pediatría, y tienen como causa principal la caries, por deficiente higiene bucal. Sin embargo, en casos de refractariedad al tratamiento antibiótico o empeoramiento de la clínica se deben barajar otras entidades, entre las que se encuentra la miasis oral. Esta patología, aunque es anecdótica en nuestro medio, debe conocerse para poder instaurar de forma precoz el tratamiento, que consiste en la retirada total de las larvas, profilaxis antibiótica de amplio espectro y, en caso de miasis profundas o extensas, ivermectina. Presentamos el caso de una miasis en cavidad bucal por Musca domestica (familia Muscidae) (AU)

Odontogenic abscesses are a frequent reason for consultation in pediatrics, and their main cause is dental caries, due to poor oral hygiene. However, in cases of refractoriness to antibiotic treatment or worsening of the symptoms, other entities should be considered, among which is oral myiasis. This pathology, although it is anecdotal in our environment, must be known in order to establish early treatment, which consists of total removal of the larvae, broad-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis and, in the case of deep or extensive myiasis, ivermectin. We present the case of a myiasis in the oral cavity caused by Musca domestica (Muscidae family) (AU)

Neonatal oral myiasis caused by the larvae of Sarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): a case report.

BACKGROUND: Myiasis is caused by dipterous larvae, and rarely affects the mouth. Diagnosis by traditional means is easy to be confused with other similar species. Here, we report a case of oral myiasis, in a 5-month-old infant who was diagnosed by morphological examination and molecular biological methods. CASE PRESENTATION: A 5-month old infant with acute myeloid leukemia was admitted due to recurrent skin masses for more than 4 months. The infant had lip swelling, which prevented him from closing the mouth and membranes were present in his mouth and there were also oral ulcers and erosions. Ten maggots were found in the mouth and one in the ear canal with pus flowing out and were confirmed as the third stage larvae of Sarcophaga ruficornis by morphological examination and a comparison of sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. After removal of the maggots and chemotherapy, the infant 's condition was gradually improved. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our our knowledge, this is the first neonatal oral myiasis case reported in China and its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Microscopy combined with specific DNA sequence analysis is an effective technological tool to provide rapid diagnoses of the larva specimen and cases of rare diseases, as illustrated in the current case.

Oral Myiasis of Maxilla (Palatal Gingiva).

Myiasis is an invasion of tissues and organs of humans or animals by fly larvae. Oral myiasis is a rare pathology associated with a medical condition, poor oral hygiene, mouth breathing, and incompetent lip. We present a case of oral myiasis of the maxillary anterior region of the palate, in a 12-year-old male with cerebral palsy and poor oral hygiene. The diagnosis was made on the presence of larvae. The mechanical removal of larvae with hemostat was carried out with ivermectin oral therapy.

Oral myiasis after cerebral infarction in an elderly male patient from southern China: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Myiasis is a rare but risky pathology caused by a parasitic infestation of humans and animals by the dipterous larva. Oral myiasis occurs when soft tissues of the oral cavity are invaded by the larvae of flies. It is not a common disease for the reason that the oral cavity is not easily reachable for the fly to lay eggs. But it can cause pain, infection, uncomfortable feeling when the worms move, tissue destruction and/or even life-threatening hemorrhages. CASE SUMMARY: We reported a case of oral myiasis after cerebral infarction in a 78-year-old male patient from southern China (Guangdong Zhanjiang). As a result of cerebral infarction, he suffered from right hemiplegia, mobility and mental decline for about 3 mo. He had difficulty swallowing and was fed via a feeding tube. He mostly engaged in mouth breathing and had poor oral and dental hygiene. More than 20 live larvae were collected from the patient's oral cavity, which were localized in the maxillary gingiva, the mandibular gingiva and the tongue. The patient recovered after the routine oral cleaning, removal of maggots, debridement and anti-infection treatment. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment of this infestation are essential due to the bothersome symptoms, such as inflammation, intense anxiety over the larvae movement, possible serious complications, etc. Clinical staff should be familiar with this infestation, and this disease should be considered, especially in physically and mentally disabled patients or those at significant risk for infection. Necessary measures, including good sanitation, personal and environmental hygiene and special care should be adopted so as to prevent this disease.

An Oral Myiasis Case Caused by Diptera (Calliphoridae) Larvae in Turkey

The objective of the present study is to present a patient with oral myiasis caused by Calliphoridae larvae. The patient was a 63-year-old male who was transferred from Van Closed Prison to Yüzüncü Yil University, Faculty of Medicine Research and Application Hospital. Five alive larvae localized in different points of gingival region were observed during routine oral cleaning. These larvae belonged to Calliphoridae family. As a result, medical staff should be informed about this infestation and this parasite should be kept in mind especially in risky group of patients and necessary controls should be conducted.

Myiasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma-a systematic review and protocol for management.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma results in various morbidities like pain, bleeding on provocation, loss of function, facial disfigurement, extra oral fungation, and tissue necrosis. Other than these dreadful complications, sometimes in advanced and incurable stage, the wound gets infested with maggots. Oral myiasis in association with OSCC is rare, and a very few reports have been mentioned in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases on 1st November 2018 for all the articles focusing on oral myiasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS: A total number of nine cases with oral myiasis in association with OSCC have been reported till date. Out of these nine cases, five cases have been reported from India and four from Brazil. CONCLUSION: Oral myiasis is a possible risk for the patient with Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Good hygiene and general cleanliness along with educating the patients must be a practice to avoid this dreadful condition.

Oral gingival myiasis: A rare case report and literature review.

Myiasis is a universal term for extreme infection by the parasitic fly larvae that feed on their host living/dead tissue. Gingival myiasis is a rare disease in the humans associated with poor oral hygiene, suppurative oral lesions, alcoholism, and senility, among other conditions. We present a case of gingival myiasis in the maxillary anterior region on the palatal surface in a 21-year-old mentally challenged male with moderate periodontitis and neurologic deficit. The diagnosis was made on the presence of larvae in the lesion. Treatment done was a manual removal of the larvae, one by one, with the help of the clinical forceps, surgical debridement of the oral wound, and subsequent management of the periodontal disease.

Extensive Myiasis infestation associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Report of two cases.

Myiasis is the condition of infestation of the body by fly larvae (maggots). The deposited eggs develop into larvae, which penetrate deep structures causing adjacent tissue destruction. It is an uncommon clinical condition, being more frequent in tropical countries and hot climate regions, and associated with poor hygiene, suppurative oral lesions, alcoholism and senility. The diagnosis of Myiasis is basically made by the presence of larvae. The reported cases of oral Myiasis associated with oral cancer in the literature are few. This paper reports two cases of oral and maxillofacial Myiasis involving larvae in patients with squamous cell carcinoma in adult males. The condition was managed by manual removal of the larvae, one by one, with the help of forceps and subsequent management through proper health care.

Exuberant Oral Myiasis Caused by Musca domestica (Housefly).

Tissues of oral cavity, when invaded by the parasitic larvae of houseflies, the condition is called as oral myiasis. It is a rare disease that is most common in developing countries and is associated with conditions leading to persistent mouth opening along with poor oral hygiene, suppurative lesions, severe halitosis and maxillofacial trauma. A case of exuberant oral myiasis in a 42-year-old female patient is described here. She reported with swelling, pain, mobility of teeth and foul odor. Diagnosis was based primarily on history and clinical features. Management included use of turpentine oil, mechanical removal of larvae followed by extraction of mobile teeth and curettage along with supportive antibiotic and analgesic therapy. Supportive nutritional supplements and timely institution of treatment encompassing removal of the offending larvae and carious teeth with proper education and motivation of the patient including oral hygiene instructions led to the resolution of these lesions.

Oral myiasis: a case report.

Myiasis is a condition caused by the invasion of tissues by larvae of Diptera flies. This phenomenon is well documented in the skin especially among animals and people in tropical and subtropical areas. The condition causes extensive tissue destruction as the larvae, at least for a certain period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body substances, or ingested food. Mouth breathing during sleep, poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, mental disability, cerebral palsy, and hemiplegia may facilitate the development of myiasis. We present a case report of oral myiasis in a 22-year-old male with cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation treated successfully by manual removal of the larvae by topical application of turpentine oil and oral systemic therapy with ivermectin.

Oral myiasis in a maxillofacial trauma patient.

Myiasis is a rare disease primarily caused by the invasion of tissue by larvae of certain dipteran flies. Oral myiasis is still more "rare" and "unique" owing to the fact that oral cavity rarely provides the necessary habitat conducive for a larval lifecycle. Common predisposing factors are poor oral hygiene, halitosis, trauma, senility, learning disabilities, physically and mentally challenged conditions. Oral myiasis can lead to rapid tissue destruction and disfigurement and requires immediate treatment. Treatment consists of manual removal of maggots from the oral cavity after application of chemical agents. Good sanitation, personal and environmental hygiene and cleanliness and special care for debilitated persons are the best methods to prevent oral myiasis. This case report describes the presentation of oral myiasis caused by musca nebulo (common house fly) in a 40-year-old male patient, with recent maxillofacial trauma. The patient was treated by manual removal larvae by topical application of turpentine oil, followed by surgical debridement of the wound and open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture.

Oral myiasis in an adult associated with filariasis and Hansen's disease.

Oral myiasis is a common parasitic infestation of live human and animals caused by species of dipteran fly larvae known as maggots which may be secondary to medical disease. This case involves a 51-year-old female, poorly debilitated with advanced periodontal disease infected by the dipteral larvae in the anterior maxillary region which belonged to the family Calliphoridae and Chrysomya bezziana species. This lady was neglected from her family and presented oral myiasis with the previous history of filariasis and Hansen's disease. Secondary infestations may occur in cancrum oris, oral extraction wounds, jaw bone wounds, oral leprosy lesion, filariasis, and carcinoma. Hansen's disease (leprosy) is bacterial in origin whereas filariasis (elephantiasis) is parasitic in origin like-myiasis. The treatment consisted of manual removal of the larvae by topical application of turpentine oil, oral therapy, and surgical debridement of the oral wound.

A case of oral myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Korea.

We report here a case of oral myiasis in the Republic of Korea. The patient was a 37-year-old man with a 30-year history of Becker's muscular dystrophy. He was intubated due to dyspnea 8 days prior to admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). A few hours after the ICU admission, 43 fly larvae were found during suction of the oral cavity. All maggots were identified as the third instars of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by morphology. We discussed on the characteristics of myiasis acquired in Korea, including the infection risk and predisposing factors.

A Case of Oral Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Korea

We report here a case of oral myiasis in the Republic of Korea. The patient was a 37-year-old man with a 30-year history of Becker's muscular dystrophy. He was intubated due to dyspnea 8 days prior to admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). A few hours after the ICU admission, 43 fly larvae were found during suction of the oral cavity. All maggots were identified as the third instars of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by morphology. We discussed on the characteristics of myiasis acquired in Korea, including the infection risk and predisposing factors.