ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluated the enterprises engaged in conventional cage, enriched cage, free-range and organic egg production in Turkey in terms of four different criteria (profit, investment cost, animal welfare/health and sales/marketing) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, the questionnaires through face-to-face interviews were conducted with a total of 64 producers who had been determined by random sampling method from 5 different regions included 17 Provinces between November 2016 and March 2019, and primary data were obtained. As a result, it has been found strategically significant that enterprises, to be engaged at the level of 47.0%, 20.0%, 18.0% and 15.0% in conventional, enriched, free-range and organic cage systems, respectively, in the market in terms of profit, investment cost, animal welfare/health and sales /marketing criteria. In addition, in the enterprises within the scope of the research, the profit, investment cost, sales/marketing and animal welfare/health criteria were determined as the dominant criteria at the level of 53.5%, 22.0%, 13.5% and 11.0% respectively. In conclusion, the conventional cage system is dominant with the rates of 55.0% for profit and 53.0% for investment cost criteria, and both of the conventional and enriched systems in terms of sales/marketing criteria are 38.5% dominant and the organic system in terms of animal welfare/health is 46.0% dominant.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Chickens/growth & development , Animal Welfare , Organic Chemicals , Eggs/analysisABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluated the enterprises engaged in conventional cage, enriched cage, free-range and organic egg production in Turkey in terms of four different criteria (profit, investment cost, animal welfare/health and sales/marketing) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, the questionnaires through face-to-face interviews were conducted with a total of 64 producers who had been determined by random sampling method from 5 different regions included 17 Provinces between November 2016 and March 2019, and primary data were obtained. As a result, it has been found strategically significant that enterprises, to be engaged at the level of 47.0%, 20.0%, 18.0% and 15.0% in conventional, enriched, free-range and organic cage systems, respectively, in the market in terms of profit, investment cost, animal welfare/health and sales /marketing criteria. In addition, in the enterprises within the scope of the research, the profit, investment cost, sales/marketing and animal welfare/health criteria were determined as the dominant criteria at the level of 53.5%, 22.0%, 13.5% and 11.0% respectively. In conclusion, the conventional cage system is dominant with the rates of 55.0% for profit and 53.0% for investment cost criteria, and both of the conventional and enriched systems in terms of sales/marketing criteria are 38.5% dominant and the organic system in terms of animal welfare/health is 46.0% dominant.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Animal Welfare , Organic Chemicals , Chickens/growth & development , Eggs/analysisABSTRACT
Authentication of ground coffee has become an important issue because of fraudulent activities in the sector. In the current work, sixty-seven Brazilian coffees produced in different geographical origins using organic (ORG, nâ¯=â¯25) and conventional (CONV, nâ¯=â¯42) systems were analyzed for their stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ18O, δ2H, and δ15N). Data were analyzed by inferential analysis to compare the factors whereas linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and support vector machines (SVM) were used to classify the coffees based on their origin. ORG and CONV cultivated coffees could not be differentiated according to C stable isotope ratio (δ13C; pâ¯=â¯0.204), but ORG coffees presented higher values of the N stable isotope ratio (δ15N; pâ¯=â¯0.0006). k-NN presented the best classification results for both ORG and CONV coffees (87% and 67%, respectively). SVM correctly classified coffees produced in São Paulo (75% accuracy), while LDA correctly classified 71% of coffees produced in Minas Gerais.
Subject(s)
Coffee/chemistry , Food Analysis/methods , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Brazil , Carbon Isotopes/analysis , Deuterium/analysis , Discriminant Analysis , Food Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Mass Spectrometry/statistics & numerical data , Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis , Organic Agriculture , Oxygen Isotopes/analysis , Support Vector MachineABSTRACT
Conventional production of milk includes the administration of several chemical substances, such as antibiotics, many times indiscriminately. In this context, organic milk production started to flourish. The organic milk market increased considerably worldwide by consumer demands and changes in consumer profile. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of raw and pasteurized organic milk produced in Distrito Federal. Samples of raw (n=5) and pasteurized (n=25) organic milk were collected for the evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, and for detection of chemical substances. Raw milk samples showed average mesophilic aerobic counts of 2.5 x 105 CFU/mL; total coliform counts of 7.4 x 103 CFU/mL; psychrotrophic counts of 4.0 x 103 CFU/mL; Staphylococcus aureus counts of 8.9 x 102 CFU/mL, and absence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Average counts for pasteurized milk samples were: 6.8 x 102 CFU/mL for mesophilic aerobic microorganisms; 2.5 x 102 CFU/mL for total coliforms, and absence of the others microorganisms surveyed. The physicochemical analyses showed that acidity presented high averages for both raw (18.2ºD) and pasteurized milk (18.4ºD). None of the samples showed chemicals residues (antibiotics, chloride, and starch). From the data gathered it was possible to detect some easily corrected faults in the production and processing of organic milk.(AU)
A produção leiteira convencional utiliza diversas substâncias químicas, como antibióticos, muitas vezes de forma indiscriminada. Nesse contexto, surge a produção orgânica de leite cujo mercado tem aumentado consideravelmente no mundo todo, por exigência e mudança de perfil do consumidor. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do leite orgânico cru e pasteurizado produzido no Distrito Federal. Foram coletadas amostras de leite orgânico cru (n=5) e pasteurizado (n=25) para avaliação das características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e pesquisa de substâncias químicas. As amostras de leite cru apresentaram médias de contagem para aeróbios mesófilos de 2,5 x 105 UFC/mL, para coliformes totais de 7,4 x 103 UFC/mL, para psicrotróficos de 4,0 x 103 UFC/mL, para Staphylococcus aureus de 8,9 x 102 UFC/mL e ausência de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. As amostras de leite orgânico pasteurizado apresentaram médias de contagens de 6,8 x 102UFC/mL para aeróbios mesófilos, de 2,5 x 102 UFC/mL para coliformes totais, ausência dos demais micro-organismos pesquisados. Nas análises físico-químicas, apenas a acidez apresentou médias acima do padrão, tanto para leite cru (18,2ºD) quanto para o pasteurizado (18,4ºD) e, não foram detectados resíduos das substâncias químicas pesquisadas. A partir dos dados gerados foi possível detectar algumas falhas na produção e no beneficiamento, que podem ser sanadas facilmente.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Milk/chemistry , Quality Control , Food, Organic/analysis , Pollution Indicators/analysis , Total Quality Management , Aerobiosis , Coliforms/analysis , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Salmonella , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Drug ResiduesABSTRACT
Conventional production of milk includes the administration of several chemical substances, such as antibiotics, many times indiscriminately. In this context, organic milk production started to flourish. The organic milk market increased considerably worldwide by consumer demands and changes in consumer profile. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of raw and pasteurized organic milk produced in Distrito Federal. Samples of raw (n=5) and pasteurized (n=25) organic milk were collected for the evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, and for detection of chemical substances. Raw milk samples showed average mesophilic aerobic counts of 2.5 x 105 CFU/mL; total coliform counts of 7.4 x 103 CFU/mL; psychrotrophic counts of 4.0 x 103 CFU/mL; Staphylococcus aureus counts of 8.9 x 102 CFU/mL, and absence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Average counts for pasteurized milk samples were: 6.8 x 102 CFU/mL for mesophilic aerobic microorganisms; 2.5 x 102 CFU/mL for total coliforms, and absence of the others microorganisms surveyed. The physicochemical analyses showed that acidity presented high averages for both raw (18.2ºD) and pasteurized milk (18.4ºD). None of the samples showed chemicals residues (antibiotics, chloride, and starch). From the data gathered it was possible to detect some easily corrected faults in the production and processing of organic milk.
A produção leiteira convencional utiliza diversas substâncias químicas, como antibióticos, muitas vezes de forma indiscriminada. Nesse contexto, surge a produção orgânica de leite cujo mercado tem aumentado consideravelmente no mundo todo, por exigência e mudança de perfil do consumidor. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do leite orgânico cru e pasteurizado produzido no Distrito Federal. Foram coletadas amostras de leite orgânico cru (n=5) e pasteurizado (n=25) para avaliação das características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e pesquisa de substâncias químicas. As amostras de leite cru apresentaram médias de contagem para aeróbios mesófilos de 2,5 x 105 UFC/mL, para coliformes totais de 7,4 x 103 UFC/mL, para psicrotróficos de 4,0 x 103 UFC/mL, para Staphylococcus aureus de 8,9 x 102 UFC/mL e ausência de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. As amostras de leite orgânico pasteurizado apresentaram médias de contagens de 6,8 x 102UFC/mL para aeróbios mesófilos, de 2,5 x 102 UFC/mL para coliformes totais, ausência dos demais micro-organismos pesquisados. Nas análises físico-químicas, apenas a acidez apresentou médias acima do padrão, tanto para leite cru (18,2ºD) quanto para o pasteurizado (18,4ºD) e, não foram detectados resíduos das substâncias químicas pesquisadas. A partir dos dados gerados foi possível detectar algumas falhas na produção e no beneficiamento, que podem ser sanadas facilmente.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Food, Organic/analysis , Quality Control , Pollution Indicators/analysis , Milk/chemistry , Aerobiosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Coliforms/analysis , Escherichia coli , Total Quality Management , Drug Residues , Salmonella , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
O objetivo do artigo foi mensurar os fatores de risco referentes ao manejo sanitário e a produção entre cabras leiteiras sob sistema orgânico e convencional. Dois grupos experimentais (orgânico e convencional) foram conduzidos simultaneamente. O desenho do estudo foi o inteiramente casualizado. O rebanho orgânico consistiu de 25 cabras e 15 cabritos e o sistema convencional por 40 cabras e 20 cabritos. Os parâmetros produtivos e sanitários foram monitorados entre janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2009. No sistema convencional, houve uma taxa de aborto de 5% (2/40), enquanto que no sistema orgânico nenhum aborto foi diagnosticado (0/25). A taxa de mortalidade ao desmame no sistema convencional foi de 5% (2/40) e no sistema orgânico foi de 8% (2/25). A produção de leite média diária por cabra no rebanho leiteiro orgânico (2,20 kg/dia) foi mais baixa do que a do rebanho convencional (2,66 kg/dia). Os resultados indicaram que as cabras e cabritos mantidos em fazenda orgânica (386±104 e 900±204, respectivamente) apresentaram maiores valores de OPG (p 0,05) do que aqueles mantidos em fazenda convencional (245±132 e 634±212, respectivamente). O valor médio de OPG nos animais jovens foi superior (P 0,001) ao dos animais adultos. A utilização de antiparasitário foi significativamente maior no sistema convencional (50%) quando comparado ao sistema orgânico (1.3%).
The aimed of this article is to measure risk factors on health and milk production on organic and conventional dairy goats in Brazil. Two experimental groups (organic and conventional) were evaluated simultaneously. The study design was completely randomized. The organic herd consisted of 25 goats and 15 kids. In the conventional production system, a dairy herd comprising 40 goats and 20 kids participated in the study. Data on milk production and health management were available from January 2007 to December 2009. The abortion rate in the conventional system was 5% (2/40) whereas in organic system no abortion was diagnosed (0/25). The mortality rate at weaning in the conventional system was 5% (2/40) and in the organic system was 8% (2/25). Milk production was lower (2.20 kg/day) in organic than conventional system (2.66 kg/day). Goats and kids in organic farm had a higher FEC (386±104 and 900±204, respectively) (p 0.05) than those in conventional farm (245±132 and 634±212, respectively). In addition, Saanen kids had higher FEC (p 0.001) than goats. Treatment with antiparasitic drugs was higher in conventional system (50%) than organic system (1.3%).
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do artigo foi mensurar os fatores de risco referentes ao manejo sanitário e a produção entre cabras leiteiras sob sistema orgânico e convencional. Dois grupos experimentais (orgânico e convencional) foram conduzidos simultaneamente. O desenho do estudo foi o inteiramente casualizado. O rebanho orgânico consistiu de 25 cabras e 15 cabritos e o sistema convencional por 40 cabras e 20 cabritos. Os parâmetros produtivos e sanitários foram monitorados entre janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2009. No sistema convencional, houve uma taxa de aborto de 5% (2/40), enquanto que no sistema orgânico nenhum aborto foi diagnosticado (0/25). A taxa de mortalidade ao desmame no sistema convencional foi de 5% (2/40) e no sistema orgânico foi de 8% (2/25). A produção de leite média diária por cabra no rebanho leiteiro orgânico (2,20 kg/dia) foi mais baixa do que a do rebanho convencional (2,66 kg/dia). Os resultados indicaram que as cabras e cabritos mantidos em fazenda orgânica (386±104 e 900±204, respectivamente) apresentaram maiores valores de OPG (p 0,05) do que aqueles mantidos em fazenda convencional (245±132 e 634±212, respectivamente). O valor médio de OPG nos animais jovens foi superior (P 0,001) ao dos animais adultos. A utilização de antiparasitário foi significativamente maior no sistema convencional (50%) quando comparado ao sistema orgânico (1.3%).
The aimed of this article is to measure risk factors on health and milk production on organic and conventional dairy goats in Brazil. Two experimental groups (organic and conventional) were evaluated simultaneously. The study design was completely randomized. The organic herd consisted of 25 goats and 15 kids. In the conventional production system, a dairy herd comprising 40 goats and 20 kids participated in the study. Data on milk production and health management were available from January 2007 to December 2009. The abortion rate in the conventional system was 5% (2/40) whereas in organic system no abortion was diagnosed (0/25). The mortality rate at weaning in the conventional system was 5% (2/40) and in the organic system was 8% (2/25). Milk production was lower (2.20 kg/day) in organic than conventional system (2.66 kg/day). Goats and kids in organic farm had a higher FEC (386±104 and 900±204, respectively) (p 0.05) than those in conventional farm (245±132 and 634±212, respectively). In addition, Saanen kids had higher FEC (p 0.001) than goats. Treatment with antiparasitic drugs was higher in conventional system (50%) than organic system (1.3%).
ABSTRACT
Background: didactic models are a very useful tool for pedagogy in Agrarian Science careers (i.e. Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science). Objective: the aim of this work was to create a didactic model of the chicken embryo development using modified Dawson's diaphanization and staining technique, which allows the centers of ossification to be viewed. Methods: chick embryos from day 5 to day 21 were diaphanized with KOH, stained with Alizarin Red, and stored in glycerol. Results: growth of primary ossification centers during embryonic development was easily visualized. Conclusion: to our knowledge, this is the first literature report showing an anatomical model of all embryonic stages of chicken development. Impact of this model in pedagogy must be evaluated in future works.
Antecedentes: los modelos didácticos son una muy buena herramienta para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los cursos de Ciencias Agrarias (Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, entre otros). Objetivo: hacer un modelo didáctico del desarrollo embrionario del pollo usando la técnica modificada de Dawson para transparentación y tinción, que permite visualizar los centros de osificación. Métodos: embriones de pollo del día 5 al 21 fueron transparentados con KOH, teñidos con Rojo de Alizarina y almacenados en glicerina. Resultados: se pudo visualizar el crecimiento de los centros primarios de osificación durante el desarrollo embrionario. Conclusión: este es el primer reporte en literatura que muestra un modelo anatómico de todas las etapas del desarrollo embrionario del pollo. En futuras investigaciones se debe evaluar el impacto que tiene este modelo en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Antecedentes: os modelos didáticos são uma boa ferramenta para o processo ensino-aprendizado nos cursos de Ciências Agrárias (Medicina Veterinária, Zootecnia, entre outros). Objetivo: fazer um modelo didático do desenvolvimento do frango usando a técnica modificada de Dawson para diafanização e coloração, que permite visualizar os centros de ossificação. Métodos: Embriões de frango do dia 5 ao 21 foram transparentados com KOH, corados com Vermelho de Alizarina e armazenados em glicerina. Resultados: foi possível visualizar o crescimento dos centros primários de ossificação durante o desenvolvimento embrionário. Conclusão: este é o primeiro reporte na literatura de um modelo anatômico do desenvolvimento embrionário do frango. Futuras pesquisas devem ser focadas no impacto que tem este modelo no processo ensino-aprendizado.
ABSTRACT
As diversidades de clima e de manejo interferem no desenvolvimento e na produtividade vegetal, uma vez que essas características estão diretamente correlacionadas ao genótipo e ao ambiente de cultivo. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi estimar os efeitos do tipo de manejo sob o desempenho agronômico de 12 linhas endogâmicas recombinadas (F7) de pimenta (Capsicum annuum L.), originadas do cruzamento entre um acesso de pimentão suscetível à mancha-bacteriana (UENF 1421) e um acesso de pimenta resistente (UENF 1381). Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, sendo um deles em condições de campo, em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ e o outro em sistema orgânico e cultivo protegido, em Seropédica, RJ. Foram avaliados o número total de frutos (NTF), peso total de frutos (PTF), peso médio dos frutos (PMF), comprimento dos frutos (CF), diâmetro dos frutos (DF), relação comprimento/diâmetro do fruto (CF/DF) e a presença de capsaicina (CAPS). Foram realizadas a análise conjunta e o estudo da decomposição da interação genótipo x ambiente (G x A). Estimaram-se os componentes quadráticos genotípico e da interação G x A, o coeficiente de determinação genotípico e de variação genético e do índice de variação. A interação G x A foi significativa para o número, o peso total e médio de frutos, além do diâmetro do fruto e da relação comprimento/diâmetro. Com exceção do comprimento do fruto, o cultivo protegido e orgânico propiciou melhores médias para todas as características estudadas. Os parâmetros estudados mostraram que as causas de variação foram devidas às diferenças genéticas existentes entre as linhas e que o peso total de frutos foi a característica mais influenciada pelo manejo empregado. Entre as linhas pungentes, no cultivo em campo, a linha 2 mostrou alta capacidade produtiva e, para o cultivo protegido, a linha 8 obteve o maior número de frutos. Entre as não-pungentes, a linha 1 foi superior em ambos os ambientes.
Climate and management diversity play an important role in crop production, since these characteristics are related to genotype and cultivation environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of genotype, environment and genotype-environmental interaction (GE) in 12 recombinant inbred lines of C. annuum. These lines were originated from crosses between the following accessions: a sweet pepper cultivar (susceptible to bacterial spot) and a chili pepper (resistant to bacterial spot). Two tests were conducted, the first in a conventional agriculture system, under field conditions and the second in ecological or organic system, under greenhouse conditions. The field experiment was carried out in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in Seropédica, RJ. Both experiments were performed using a randomized block design with three replications. The measured variables were total fruit number (TFN); total fruit weight (TFW); mean fruit weight (MFW); fruit length (FL); fruit diameter (FD); length/diameter fruit ratio (FL/FD) and capsaicin presence (CAPS). Data obtained for each experimental condition were submitted to variance analysis, joint variance analysis, and partitioning of genotype environment interaction. Genotype and GE quadratic components, genotypic determination coefficient, genetic variation coefficient and variation index were determined. The GE interaction was significant for TFN, TFW, MFN, FD, and FL/FD. Cultivation under greenhouse conditions was responsible for the highest mean performance for every trait studied but FL. Values observed for genetic variation were greater than values obtained for environmental variation. For field conditions, the high yield ability observed for line 2 (pungent) is suggestive of a potential to be used as a commercial genotype. For greenhouse conditions, line 8 (pungent), had higher fruit number yield. Line 1 (non-pungent) also seems promising for commercial...
ABSTRACT
This work was set aiming to evaluate the adaptation of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), citronela (C. wionterianus Jowit), palmarosa (C. martinii Stapf), giant lemon grass (C. flexuosus), and patchuli (Pogostemum cablin (Blanco) Bent) to the climatic conditions of the North Plateau of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The experiment was set in the city of Canoinhas, in December of 2006. A randomized block design, with three replicates, was used. The five aromatic tested species were planted in hills, with distances varying according to the species. Soil fertilization was carried out with the application of 100g of natural phosphate and 1000g of organic fertilizer per hill. The height growth and percentage of live plants were evaluated in six periods: one in the summer, three in the winter and two in the spring of 2007. Palmarosa, citronela and lemon grass showed high survival index and adequate height growth during the first five months after planting. All the species suffered severe frost damages in the winter and did not sprout again in the following spring. Therefore, the five tested species did not show adaptation for commercial cropping systems in the prevailing climatic conditions of North Plateau of Santa Catarina State.
Este trabalho foi implantado para avaliar a adaptação de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), citronela (C. winterianus Jowit), palma-rosa (C. martinii Stapf), capim-limão gigante (C. flexuosus) e patchuli (Pogostemum cablin (Blanco) Bent) às condições climáticas do Planalto Norte Catarinense. O ensaio foi instalado em dezembro de 2006, na cidade de Canoinhas. O delineamento experimental usado foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Realizou-se o plantio em covas, com espaçamentos de acordo com as espécies. O solo foi fertilizado com a aplicação de 100g de fosfato natural e 1000g de cama de aviário por cova. Foram avaliados o crescimento em altura e o percentual de plantas vivas em seis períodos: um no verão, três no inverno e dois na primavera de 2007. A palma-rosa, a citronela e o capim-limão apresentaram alto índice de sobrevivência e crescimento adequado em altura durante os primeiros cinco meses após o plantio. Todas as espécies sofreram danos severos com as geadas no inverno, não rebrotando na primavera de 2007. Dessa forma, as cinco espécies não apresentaram adaptação ao cultivo comercial nas condições climáticas da região.
ABSTRACT
This work was set aiming to evaluate the adaptation of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), citronela (C. wionterianus Jowit), palmarosa (C. martinii Stapf), giant lemon grass (C. flexuosus), and patchuli (Pogostemum cablin (Blanco) Bent) to the climatic conditions of the North Plateau of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The experiment was set in the city of Canoinhas, in December of 2006. A randomized block design, with three replicates, was used. The five aromatic tested species were planted in hills, with distances varying according to the species. Soil fertilization was carried out with the application of 100g of natural phosphate and 1000g of organic fertilizer per hill. The height growth and percentage of live plants were evaluated in six periods: one in the summer, three in the winter and two in the spring of 2007. Palmarosa, citronela and lemon grass showed high survival index and adequate height growth during the first five months after planting. All the species suffered severe frost damages in the winter and did not sprout again in the following spring. Therefore, the five tested species did not show adaptation for commercial cropping systems in the prevailing climatic conditions of North Plateau of Santa Catarina State.
Este trabalho foi implantado para avaliar a adaptação de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), citronela (C. winterianus Jowit), palma-rosa (C. martinii Stapf), capim-limão gigante (C. flexuosus) e patchuli (Pogostemum cablin (Blanco) Bent) às condições climáticas do Planalto Norte Catarinense. O ensaio foi instalado em dezembro de 2006, na cidade de Canoinhas. O delineamento experimental usado foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Realizou-se o plantio em covas, com espaçamentos de acordo com as espécies. O solo foi fertilizado com a aplicação de 100g de fosfato natural e 1000g de cama de aviário por cova. Foram avaliados o crescimento em altura e o percentual de plantas vivas em seis períodos: um no verão, três no inverno e dois na primavera de 2007. A palma-rosa, a citronela e o capim-limão apresentaram alto índice de sobrevivência e crescimento adequado em altura durante os primeiros cinco meses após o plantio. Todas as espécies sofreram danos severos com as geadas no inverno, não rebrotando na primavera de 2007. Dessa forma, as cinco espécies não apresentaram adaptação ao cultivo comercial nas condições climáticas da região.