Safety evaluation of Indocalamus Iatifolius McClure leaves based on acute toxicity, harmful metals, and 9 organochlorine residue determination.

To investigate the safety of Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves sold in the market, a study was conducted using Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves randomly collected from an online store and a large supermarket. Acute toxicity experiments were performed on mice, and their body weight was monitored for 14 days after administration. After the observation period, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and organ pathology was examined. Then, the content of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and the residues of nine organochlorine pesticides in Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves were measured according to the National Food Safety Standard (GB/T5009-2003) and the pesticide residue determination methods in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that the mice in the Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves (online store) group experienced mortality and severe liver and lung damage. The levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and the nine organochlorine pesticides met the relevant standards and regulations. However, the copper content in the Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves (online store) group was nearly 80 times higher than that in the supermarket group. Mice in the Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves (supermarket) group remained healthy without any abnormalities, and the levels of harmful metals and organochlorine pesticides complied with the standards and regulations. The study suggests the need for regulatory policies and safety standards for the sale of Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves.

A nationwide characterization of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in livestock and poultry food products across China: Residual levels, origin and the associated health risks.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are still occurring in various foodstuffs after the ban on their use. However, it remains unclear concerning the contamination source of OCPs in livestock and poultry food products and associated health risks. To fill this gap, we characterized the residual levels of 19 OCPs in multiple types of meats and eggs, which were sampled across China within the same period. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were dominant in eggs, with the mean levels being 0.76 and 2.03 µg/kg for chicken eggs and duck eggs, respectively. By contrast, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the top one OCP in beef and lamb, with its mean levels being 0.51 and 0.65 µg/kg, respectively. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was rather detected in the poultry products. The componential ratio analysis implicated recent inputs of several banned OCPs including technical HCH and DDT, HCB and aldrin in multiple regions, which may origin from local industrial activities or possible illegal use. Risk assessment based on the risk quotient method suggested that daily consumption of cooked meats and eggs contaminated by dieldrin may pose a carcinogenic risk in adult residents of Jiangsu province. We concluded that OCPs remain present in meats and eggs at levels of health concern regionally in China.

Covalent organic framework-functionalized magnetic MXene nanocomposite for efficient pre-concentration and detection of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in tea samples before gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis.

In this study, a hydrophobic covalent organic framework-functionalized magnetic composite (CoFe2O4@Ti3C2@TAPB-TFTA) with a high specific area with 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde (TFTA) was designed and synthesized through Schiff base reaction. An efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction method was established and combined with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to sensitively determine 10 organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in tea samples. The established method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.05-120 µg/L and had low limits of detection (0.013-0.018 µg/L). The method was evaluated with tea samples, and the spiked recoveries of pesticides in different tea samples reached satisfactory values of 85.7-96.8%. Moreover, the adsorption of pesticides was spontaneous and followed Redlich-Peterson isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. These results demonstrate the sensitivity, effectiveness, and reliability of the proposed method for monitoring organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in tea samples, providing a preliminary basis for researchers to reasonably design adsorbents for the efficient extraction of pesticides.

Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

This study reports OCP and PAH concentrations in the tissues of stranded sea snakes from Sharjah, UAE. Samples from 10 Hydrophis lapemoides, 2 Hydrophis ornatus and 1 Hydrophis curtus were analyzed. Muscle, liver and fat tissues were extracted using micro-QuEChERs, followed by d-SPE and analyzed using GC/MS. Higher concentrations of OCPs were detected, while PAHs were more frequently detected. Significant correlations suggest that OCPs and PAHs do bioaccumulate in the tissues of sea snakes. Additionally, OCPs with lower log Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient) values were mainly detected in the muscle samples of H. lapemoides, whereas OCPs with higher log Kow values were more commonly present in the liver and fat samples. The concentrations of OCPs reported in this study were higher than those previously documented in other marine reptiles in the UAE or sea snakes from different geographical regions.

Chemical threats for the sentinel Pygoscelis adeliae from the Ross Sea (Antarctica): Occurrence and levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mercury within the largest marine protected area worldwide.

The Ross Sea Marine Protected Area (RS-MPA) hosts endemic species that have to cope with multiple threats, including chemical contamination. Adèlie penguin is considered a good sentinel species for monitoring pollutants. Here, 23 unhatched eggs, collected from three colonies along the Ross Sea coasts, were analysed to provide updated results on legacy pollutants and establish a baseline for newer ones. Average sum of polychlorinated biphenyls (∑PCBs) at the three colonies ranged 20.9-24.3 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and included PCBs IUPAC nos. 28, 118, 153, 138, 180. PCBs were dominated by hexachlorinated congeners as previously reported. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) ranged between 134 and 166 and 181-228 ng/g lw, respectively. Overall, ∑PCBs was exceeded by pesticides, contrary to previous studies from the Ross Sea. Sum of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑PBDEs) ranged between 0.90 and 1.18 ng/g lw and consisted of BDE-47 (that prevailed as expected, representing 60-80 % of the ∑PBDEs) and BDE-85. Sum of perfluoroalkyl substances (∑PFAS) ranged from 1.04 to 1.53 ng/g wet weight and comprised five long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) was also detected. The PFAS profile was dominated by PFCAs as already observed in Arctic seabirds. Mercury ranged from 0.07 to 0.15 mg/kg dry weight similarly to previous studies. Legacy pollutants confirmed their ongoing presence in Antarctic biota and their levels seemed mostly in line with the past, but with minor variations in some cases, likely due to continued input or release from past reservoirs. PFAS were reported for the first time in penguins from the Ross Sea, highlighting their ubiquity. Although further studies would be useful to increase the sample size and accordingly improve our knowledge on spatial and temporal trends, this study provides interesting data for future monitoring programs within the RS-MPA that will be crucial to test its effectiveness against human impacts.

Organochlorine pesticide residues and urinary arsenic and fluoride levels in mothers and their newborns who are residents of rural areas in Durango State, Mexico.

Maternal and prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCP), arsenic (As), and fluoride (F-) is a critical public health concern. The present study assessed serum OCP residues and urinary As and F- levels in mother and newborn pairs who are residents of rural areas of Durango State, Mexico, from August 2018 to February 2019. Levels of OCP, As, and F- were measured in serum and urine samples by Gas chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometry (GC - MS/MS), Hydride generation - Atomic fluorescent spectrometry (HG-AFS, and ion-selective electron analysis (ISE), respectively, in 60 binomial mothers - newborns. Dieldrin, endrin aldehyde, and endosulfan-II were significantly higher in newborns than in mothers (p ˂0.05). Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed for As and F- concentrations between mother - newborn pairs. Differences were observed in ∑Dienes and ∑DDTs comparing newborns with normal and low birth weights and a positive relationship in Æ©Dienes, Æ©Chlordanes, and Æ©DDTs between mother and newborn pairs (p ˂ 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of extensive research regarding the influence of pollution.

Pesticide occurrence and distribution in fogwater collected at four sites at Strasbourg metropolitan between 2015 and 2021.

The presence of pesticides in fogwater plays a major role in accumulating relatively substantial levels of trace compounds due to their unique physico-chemical characteristics. The radiation wintertime fog in Alsace has been studied in the past few years (between 2015 and 2021) at four sites (Geispolsheim, Erstein, Strasbourg, and Cronenbourg). Fog samples are extracted using the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) performed on the XTR Chromabond cartridge coupled with gas/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). The samples are found to be contaminated by 25 semi- and non-volatile currently-used and previously-banned pesticides (like procymidone) and 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) at notable levels and high detection frequency (DF). The analysis also reveals that Cronenbourg is the most contaminated site (31.5 ± 3.0 µg. L-1), followed by Erstein (23.1 ± 17.0 µg. L-1), Strasbourg (23.0 ± 3.5 µg. L-1), and Geispolsheim (22.8 ± 7.7 µg. L-1). Pearson and principal component analyses (PCA) prove the simultaneous application of fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, and their atmospheric transport, mainly through west-southern air currents, from highly impacted sites to near-by urban and less impact sites (Strasbourg and Cronenbourg). The levels of OCPs are found at lower concentrations at all sites than other pesticides, of which dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites have the highest contribution (27%), while hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has the least contribution (3%). Ratio analysis indicates the historical emission of DDTs, whereas a recent and local input of lindane and endosulfan has been observed.

Associations of exposure to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls with chronic kidney disease among adults: the modifying effects of lifestyle.

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been reported to be associated with renal impairment and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, the research results thus far have exhibited inconsistency, and the effect of lifestyle on their association is not clear. In this study, we assessed the correlation between serum OCPs/PCBs and CKD and renal function indicators including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) among 1721 Chinese adults. In order to further investigate the potential impact of lifestyle, we conducted joint associations of lifestyle and OCPs/PCBs on CKD. We found a negative correlation between p,p'-DDE and eGFR, while logistic regression results showed a positive correlation between PCB-153 and CKD (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.21, 3.06). Quantile g-computation regression analyses showed that the association between co-exposure to OCPs/PCBs and CKD was not significant, but p,p'-DDE and PCB-153 were the main contributors to the negative and positive co-exposure effects of eGFR and CKD, respectively, which is consistent with the regression results. Participants with both relatively high PCB-153 exposure and an unhealthy lifestyle had the highest risk of CKD, in the joint association analysis. The observed associations were generally supported by the FAS-eGFR method. Our research findings suggest that exposure to OCPs/PCBs may be associated with decreased eGFR and increased prevalence of CKD in humans, and a healthy lifestyle can to some extent alleviate the adverse association between PCB-153 exposure and CKD.

Analysis of chlordecone and its transformation products in environmental waters by a new SPME-GC-MS method and comparison with LLE-GC-MS/MS and LLE-LC-MS/MS: A case study in the French West Indies.

Among the numerous organochlorines (OCs) applied in the French West Indies (FWI), chlordecone (hydrated form C10Cl10O2H2; CLD) still causes major environmental pollution nowadays. A recent report revealed the unexpected presence in FWI environment of transformation products (TPs) of CLD not routinely monitored due to a lack of commercial standards. Here, we present a method for surface waters and groundwaters to analyze CLD, its main TPs (hydroCLDs, chlordecol (CLDOH), 10-monohydroCLDOH and polychloroindenes) and other OCs. We developed an SPME-GC-SIM/MS method with a PDMS-DVB fiber. Since CLDOH-d commonly used as internal standard (IS) proved unsuitable, we synthesized several IS candidates, and finally identified 10-monohydro-5-methyl-chlordecol as a satisfactory IS for CLDOH and 10-monohydroCLDOH avoiding the use of 13C-labelled analogue. LODs for CLD and its TPs varied from 0.3 to 10 ng/L, equal to or below LODs of the two laboratories, BRGM (the French geological survey) and LDA26 (one of the French Departmental Analytical Laboratories), requested in FWI pollution monitoring that used liquid-liquid extractions and advanced facilities (LLE-GC-MS/MS and LLE-LC-MS/MS methods, respectively). Then, we extended the multi-residue method to 30 OCs (CLD and its TPs, mirex, ß-HCH, lindane, dieldrin, aldrin, HCB, hexachlorobutadiene, TCE, PCE) and applied it to 30 surface and ground waters from FWI. While CLD, 8- and 10-monohydroCLD, CLDOH, 10-monohydroCLDOH, dieldrin, and ß-HCH were detected and quantified, pentachloroindene, another CLD TP, was sporadically found in trace levels. A comparison with BRGM and LDA26 confirmed the interest of the SPME method. Results suggested an underestimation of CLDOH and an overestimation of high CLD concentrations with one of the currently used routine protocol. In light of these findings, previous temporal monitoring of environmental waters in FWI were re-examined and revealed some atypical values, which may indeed be due to analytical bias. These discrepancies call for intensified efforts to reliably quantify CLD and its TPs.

Characterization of anaerobic biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexanes by novel microbial consortia enriched from channel and river sediments.

The microbial biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by novel anaerobic microbial consortia enriched from sediments of an industrial effluent channel and the river Ravi in Pakistan was examined. The anaerobic consortia were capable of biotransforming α-, ß-, γ-, and δ-HCH through reductive dichloroelimination, resulting in the formation of benzene and monochlorobenzene. Concerning γ-HCH biotransformation by the channel and river cultures, isotopic fractionations for carbon (εC) were - 5.3 ± 0.4 (‰) and - 10.6 ± 1.2 (‰), while isotopic fractionations for chlorine (εCl) were - 4.4 ± 0.4 (‰) and - 7.8 ± 0.9 (‰), respectively. Furthermore, lambda values (Λ), representing the correlation of δ13C and δ37Cl fractionation, were determined to be 1.1 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.1 for γ-HCH biotransformation, suggesting a reductive dichloroelimination as the initial step of HCH biotransformation in both cultures. Amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA genes revealed that Desulfomicrobium populations were considerably increased in both cultures, indicating their possible involvement in the degradation process. These findings suggest that Desulfomicrobium-like populations may have an important role in biotransformation of HCH and novel anaerobic HCH-degrading microbial consortia could be useful bioaugmentation agents for the bioremediation of HCH-contaminated sites in Pakistan.

Breast cancer immunophenotypes and serum organochlorine pesticides in Mexican women: Mixture exposure approach.

Epidemiological studies on associations between breast cancer (BC) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are inconclusive. The majority of studies have evaluated the effect of single compounds without considering multiple OCP exposures and immunophenotypes of BC. We aimed to evaluate the association between BC immunophenotypes and serum OCP mixtures, and identify the main contributors within mixtures. We included 767 histopathologically confirmed incident BC cases and 908 controls from a population-based case-control study conducted from 2007 to 2011 in Northern Mexico. We obtained direct information about sociodemographic, lifestyle and reproductive characteristics. We collected data from clinical records about hormonal receptors (HR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions. Immunophenotypes were determined as HR+/HER2-, HER2+ or HR-/HER2-. We quantified OCP and metabolites by gas chromatography using an electron capture micro detector. We used Weighted Quantile Sum regression to assess the association of BC and exposure to multiple OCP, and their contribution within the mixture. We found a positive adjusted association between BC and an OCP mixture (OR: 3.48, 95%CI: 2.58, 4.69), whose primary contribution arose from the isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane and endosulfan, as well as endosulfan sulfate. We also identified a mixture negatively associated (OR: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.20), characterized by p,p'-DDT and chlordane metabolites. All these associations remained regardless BC immunophenotypes. This is the first epidemiological report that identified serum OCP mixtures associated with BC immunophenotypes. Due to OCP ubiquity, biomagnification, and continuous exposure, they constitute a global problem of persistent exposure that might be related to BC risk.

Occurrence and seasonal variation of organochlorine pesticides in selected vegetable farmlands in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Pest infestation in crop production have increased farmers' interest in pesticides use with short and long term consequences. This study investigated the occurrence and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetable farms in selected areas of Lagos State. Non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment was also evaluated. Soil samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons at soil depth of 0-30 cm. Gas chromatography coupled with an Agilent mass spectrometer was used to analyse organochlorine residues (alpha-lindane,lindane, delta.-lindane, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, alpha.-endosulfan, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), endrin, endosulfan, m,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (m,p'-DDD), endosulfan sulfate, o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT) and endrin ketone) in soil. Heptachlor epoxide showed maximum concentration of 43.03 mg/kg in Station 19 in Western zone during the dry season while m,p'-DDD and endosulfan had minimum value of 0.004 mg/kg in Station 2 and Station 5 respectively during the wet season in the Far eastern zone. The concentrations of organochlorine residues were intermediate in the Eastern zone in both seasons. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in dry season concentrations when compared to wet season. The risk assessment indicated Hazard Quotient (HQ) > 1 for non-cancer risk and cancer risk > 10-6. Thus a need for stringent monitoring programs for pesticides.

Exploring the levels of persistent organic pollutants in umbilical cord blood and their connection to gestational age and birth weights in Sanliurfa, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Controversy surrounds the impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on fetal development. This study aimed to investigate levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in umbilical cord blood from Sanliurfa mothers in Turkey, exploring associations with gestational age and birth weight. METHODS: Participants included voluntary mothers pregnant with a single fetus, providing details on maternal factors. Cord blood samples were collected immediately after delivery. Samples were extracted with a modified QuEChERS method, and OCPs (17 pesticides) and PCBs (11 congeners) compound levels were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Detection frequencies and levels of POPs by single pollutant type and pollutant groups were calculated and compared according to gestational duration and birth weight. We used partial least squares discriminant analysis to identify the key chemicals and distinguish their respective statuses. RESULTS: Among 120 infants, 35 were preterm but appropriate for gestational age, 35 were term but small for gestational age (SGA), and 50 were term and appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Beta HCH, Oxy-Chlordan, and PCB 28, were not detected in cord blood samples. Half of the samples contained at least 4 types of OCPs, with a median OCP level of 38.44 ng/g. Among the DDT, 2,4'-DDE was found at the highest concentration in cord plasma samples. The PCB congeners with a frequency exceeding 50% were ranked in the following order: 151, 149, 138, 146. The median level of ∑PCBs was 5.93 ng/g. Male infants born at term with SGA status exhibited lower levels of ∑DDTs, ∑OCPs compared to male infants born preterm or at term with AGA status. Di-ortho-substituted PCBs and hexachlorinated PCBs were higher in male infants born at term with SGA status than male infants born preterm with AGA status. CONCLUSION: Overall, exposure to DDT and PCBs demonstrates varying effects depending on gestational duration and birth weight, with exposure levels also differing by gender. This underscores the necessity for studies across diverse populations that investigate the combined effects of multiple pollutant exposures on gestational age, birth weight, and gender simultaneously.

Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCP) in Hair Samples of Wild Herbivorous Mammals Living in Remote and Protected Areas of the Far East and Siberia of Russia.

Monitoring wildlife exposure to biological hazards is a critical component of the wildlife risk assessment. In this study 38 hair samples were collected from 8 different species from ten districts of Russian Far East and Siberia and analysed for the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCP). 50% of the samples were contaminated with - p, p'-DDT, α-HCH and DDD. DDT was the main contaminant found in 13 sample at concentrations range of 14.3 to 369.5 pg/mg hair, mean 91.9 ± 89.7 pg/mg. α-HCH was detected in three samples with the concentrations range 29.9-180.2 pg/mg. The p, p'-DDD was found only in one hair sample of Siberian roe deer from Altai region at 52.6 pg/mg. The exposure level is depended on animals habitat location. The most contaminated region is Terney district which is in the proximity to the borders with China and North Korea where OCP are still in use.

Gestational exposure to organochlorine compounds and metals and infant birth weight: effect modification by maternal hardships.

BACKGROUND: Gestational exposure to toxic environmental chemicals and maternal social hardships are individually associated with impaired fetal growth, but it is unclear whether the effects of environmental chemical exposure on infant birth weight are modified by maternal hardships. METHODS: We used data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a pan-Canadian cohort of 1982 pregnant females enrolled between 2008 and 2011. We quantified eleven environmental chemical concentrations from two chemical classes - six organochlorine compounds (OCs) and five metals - that were detected in ≥ 70% of blood samples collected during the first trimester. We examined fetal growth using birth weight adjusted for gestational age and assessed nine maternal hardships by questionnaire. Each maternal hardship variable was dichotomized to indicate whether the females experienced the hardship. In our analysis, we used elastic net to select the environmental chemicals, maternal hardships, and 2-way interactions between maternal hardships and environmental chemicals that were most predictive of birth weight. Next, we obtained effect estimates using multiple linear regression, and plotted the relationships by hardship status for visual interpretation. RESULTS: Elastic net selected trans-nonachlor, lead, low educational status, racially minoritized background, and low supplemental folic acid intake. All were inversely associated with birth weight. Elastic net also selected interaction terms. Among those with increasing environmental chemical exposures and reported hardships, we observed stronger negative associations and a few positive associations. For example, every two-fold increase in lead concentrations was more strongly associated with reduced infant birth weight among participants with low educational status (ß = -100 g (g); 95% confidence interval (CI): -215, 16), than those with higher educational status (ß = -34 g; 95% CI: -63, -3). In contrast, every two-fold increase in mercury concentrations was associated with slightly higher birth weight among participants with low educational status (ß = 23 g; 95% CI: -25, 71) compared to those with higher educational status (ß = -9 g; 95% CI: -24, 6). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that maternal hardships can modify the associations of gestational exposure to some OCs and metals with infant birth weight.

Persistent organic pollutants and cognitive decline among middle-aged or older adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Persistent organic pollutants may negatively impact cognition; however, associations between persistent organic pollutants and changes in cognition among United States Hispanic/Latino adults have not been investigated. Herein, we examined the associations between 33 persistent organic pollutants and cognitive changes among 1837 Hispanic/Latino adults. At baseline (2008-2011; Visit 1), participants provided biospecimens in which we measured levels of 5 persistent pesticides or pesticide metabolites, 4 polybrominated diphenyl ethers and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl, and 24 polychlorinated biphenyls. At Visit 1 and again at Visit 2 (2015-2018), a battery of neurocognitive tests was administered which included the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test, Word Fluency Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. To estimate the adjusted associations between changes in cognition and each POP, we used linear regression for survey data. Each doubling in plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls 146, 178, 194, 199/206, and 209 was associated with steeper declines in global cognition (ßs range:-0.053 to -0.061) with stronger associations for the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test. Persistent organic pollutants, in particular polychlorinated biphenyls, were associated with declines in cognition over 7 years and may be a concern for Hispanic/Latino adults.

The mode of action of different organochlorine pesticides families in mammalians.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) show differences in their chemical structure, mechanism of toxicity, and target organisms. However, OCPs also have some common characteristics such as high persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation, and toxicity which lead to health issues. Nowadays, the toxicity of OCPs is well known, but we still do not know all the specific molecular mechanisms leading to their toxicity in mammalians. Therefore, this review aims to collect data about the mode of action of various classes of OCPs, highlighting their differences and common behavioural reactions in the human and animal body. To discuss the OCPs molecular pathways and fate in different systems of the body, three organochlorine insecticides were selected (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Hexachlorocyclohexane and Chlordecone), regarding to their widespread use, with consequent effects on the ecosystem and human health. Their common biological responses at the molecular scale and their different interactions in human and animal bodies were highlighted and presented.

Assessment of coastal pollutants and health status of Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) in the Bahía Blanca Estuary and adjacent beaches (Argentina).

This study assessed the effects of pollutants on Magallana gigas along a coastal zone with different levels of human activity: a highly impacted zone in the Bahía Blanca Estuary and a less impacted zone on the adjacent sandy beaches. Oysters collected in 2021 were analyzed for various factors, including metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, microplastics, oxidative stress and histology. Oysters of both environments exhibited detectable concentrations of all these pollutants in their tissues. However, the estuarine oysters showed higher concentrations of Zn, Cu and As and total PAHs than the beach oysters. Banned organochlorine pesticides were detected only in beach oysters. Estuarine oysters displayed morphological changes in their digestive gland including a reduction in the mean epithelial thickness of the tubule and elevated lipid peroxidation levels, indicating cellular damage. This study underscores the widespread presence of pollutants in M. gigas, indicating the need for effective strategies to safeguard coastal ecosystem health.

Incorporation of Cu-TATAB metal-organic framework within polyurethane nanocomposite for enhanced thin film microextraction of some chlorinated pesticides.

In this research, electrospun nanofibers based on copper-based metal organic framework (MOF)/polyurethane (PU) were prepared in order to achieve an applicable and superior extractive phase. The incorporation of MOF, in the synthesized nanocomposite contributed to the enhanced sorption efficiency. The prepared sorbent was implemented for the thin film microextraction (TFME) of target compounds with subsequent quantification using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To obtain the maximum efficiency of the synthesized sorbent, the influential parameters on extraction and desorption steps, including the MOF percentage in nanocomposite, desorption solvent type and its volume, desorption time, solution ionic strength and extraction time were optimized. After method development, the linear dynamic range (0.02-700 µg L-1), limits of detection (LODs) (0.005-0.1 µg L-1) and limits of quantification (LOQs))0.02-0.33 µg L-1(were calculated. The relative standard deviations values for intra-day and inter-day analysis were found to be in the range of 4.3-5.3 % and 6.2-8.1 %, respectively. The developed method was validated for the TFME of model organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues in fish, soil and water samples. the recovery values for the spiked samples at two concentration levels of 5 and 100 µg l-1 were found in the range of 72-110 %.

Simultaneous effervescence-assisted microextraction and magnetic adsorbent generation for rapid and cost-effective organochlorine pesticides analysis.

This study introduced an innovative magnetic effervescence-assisted microextraction method, streamlining the preparation of effervescent tablets through a one-pot method that blends a CO2 donor (Na2CO3) and an H+ donor (NaH2PO4) with bare magnetic particles (Fe3O4) and an adsorbent (hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes), followed by pressing. During the extraction process, the bare magnetic particles and adsorbent undergo in-situ self-assembly to create a magnetic adsorbent. The effervescence generates bubbles that enhance effective extraction and magnetism facilitates the easy separation of the magnetic adsorbent from the sample solution, completing the process within 4 min. Applied to organochlorine pesticide analysis in fruit juices and herbal extracts, the method exhibits excellent linearity (R2 > 0.993), sensitivity (detection limits: 0.010-0.125 ng/mL), accuracy (recoveries: 85.8-99.9%), and precision (RSDs < 9.7%) with GC-ECD. Overall, this approach stands out for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for on-site analysis, owing to its operational ease and independence from specialized equipment.