3D printed dispersible efavirenz tablets: A strategy for nasogastric administration in children.

Enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) can be placed in children diagnosed with HIV which need nutritional support due to malnutrition. EFTs are the main route for medication administration in these patients, bringing up concerns about off label use of medicines, dose inaccuracy and tube clogging. Here we report for the first time the use of selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing to develop efavirenz (EFZ) dispersible printlets for patients with HIV that require EFT administration. Water soluble polymers Parteck® MXP and Kollidon® VA64 were used to obtain both 500 mg (P500 and K500) and 1000 mg printlets (P1000 and K1000) containing 200 mg of EFZ each. The use of SLS 3D printing obtained porous dosage forms with high drug content (20 % and 40 % w/w) and drug amorphization using both polymers. P500, K500 and K1000 printlets reached disintegration in under 230 s in 20 mL of water (25 ± 1 °C), whilst P1000 only partially disintegrated, possibly due to saturation of the polymer in the medium. As a result, the development of dispersible EFZ printlets using hydrophilic polymers can be explored as a potential strategy for drug delivery through EFTs in paediatrics with HIV, paving the way towards the exploration of more rapidly disintegrating polymers and excipients for SLS 3D printing.

The clarification of the concept of colostomy nursing care in ostomy care centers: A concept analysis through Walker and Avant's method.

BACKGROUND: Specialist nurses need to have an accurate understanding of colostomy care-related concepts to provide care. Although patients with different types of ostomy have different types of needs, terms such as ostomy care, colostomy care, and ileostomy nursing are interchangeably used. Moreover, there are limited concept analysis studies into the concept of colostomy nursing care (CNC) in ostomy care centers (OCCs). The aim of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of CNC in outpatient OCCs. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This was a concept analysis study. This concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant's eight-step method. The online databases were searched until 2022 to retrieve documents on CNC. Finally, 35 articles and four books were included in the analysis, the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concepts were determined, and model and additional cases as well as empirical referents were presented. RESULTS: The defining attributes of CNC in OCCs are the development of professional role, participatory practice and interdisciplinary care, selection of the best clinical procedures, care based on patient education, and patient rehabilitation. The antecedents of the concept are nurse-related antecedents, patient- and family-related antecedents, environmental antecedents, and professional rules and regulations. Its consequences are patients' and families' greater care-related knowledge, improvement of nurses' care quality, patient autonomy, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: The concept of CNC in OCCs can be defined as "a continuous and coherent care based on knowledge, skill, expertise, experience, and colostomy type which uses interdisciplinary collaboration and the best available evidence in order to select and provide the best services according to patients' and families' culture and background, fulfill patients' physical, mental, sexual, social, and spiritual needs, and timely refer patients to specialists, with the ultimate goal of improving patient autonomy and facilitating their return to normal life."

The barriers and facilitators to nursing care for patients with permanent colostomy in outpatient centers: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Ostomy care nurses are responsible for the management of patients with colostomy from the time of diagnosis. Currently, most ostomy care services are provided in outpatient ostomy care centers in order to reduce patients' hospital stay and reduce hospitalization-related costs. Many different factors can affect colostomy nursing care provision in these centers. Identification of these factors can facilitate quality care provision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2020-2021 to explore the barriers and facilitators to nursing care for patients with permanent colostomy in Tehran and Qom ostomy centers. Participants were twelve nurses with ostomy care licenses, two adult patients with permanent colostomy for at least two years, and one family caregiver of a patient with permanent colostomy purposefully selected from outpatient ostomy care centers in Iran. RESULT: Data were collected via fifteen in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis. The barriers and facilitators to nursing care for patients with permanent colostomy in outpatient centers came into three main categories, namely specialized capabilities of colostomy care, care continuity, and caring status in the family. CONCLUSION: These findings imply that not only nurses, but also patients, family caregivers, and referral systems can influence nursing care provision to permanent colostomy. Effective management of these factors can improve the quality of ostomy nursing care.

Adapting to the burdens of care: a telehealth program for cancer survivors with ostomies.

PURPOSE: An ostomy introduces to cancer survivors new demands for self-care and healthcare resource use. A curriculum that teaches ostomates self-management skills may affect survivors' use of resources. METHODS: A prospective randomized trial comparing usual care (UC) with an Ostomy Self-Management Training (OSMT) program delivered by telehealth was conducted in patients with ostomies due to cancer. The intervention occurred over 5 weeks with survey administration at baseline, program completion, and 6 months after completion. Quantitative data were analyzed using a mixed-effects logistic model to predict mean values of resource and service use. Responses to the open-ended question were coded and analyzed with directed content analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-seven subjects (89 in the OSMT arm and 78 in the UC arm) completed the questionnaire at all time points. The changes in likelihoods of emptying one's ostomy bag > 8 times/week and of incurring any out-of-pocket costs on accessories were 14% greater for the intervention group (p = .029 and p = .063, respectively). Qualitative analysis reveals among the OSMT arm an increase in the proportion of ostomy-specific comments and a decrease in the same metric among the UC arm. Common themes included learning to work with equipment, dealing with gas build-up and finding well-fitting clothing. CONCLUSIONS: There are some indications that participants in this structured telehealth program are more active in ostomy self-care. The reported ostomy self-care activities, healthcare consumables, and healthcare services reported by both groups illustrate the complexity of survivorship care following ostomy surgery. National Clinical Trial Identifier: NCT02974634.

Cancer survivors' greatest challenges of living with an ostomy: findings from the Ostomy Self-Management Telehealth (OSMT) randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES: An ostomy results in lifelong quality of life changes for a cancer survivor. We describe the greatest challenges reported from a randomized trial of cancer survivors with stomas (ostomies). METHODS: Cancer survivors with ostomies participating in a multi-site randomized prospective trial of an Ostomy Self-Management Telehealth (OSMT) program versus usual care (UC) were surveyed at six months post accrual. An open-ended question requested greatest challenges after ostomy surgery. Quantitative descriptive and qualitative analyses were used to examine greatest challenges reported. RESULTS: A total of 118 trial participants identified greatest challenges with 55 in the OSMT and 63 in the UC. Six conceptual domains were used to code comments-physical, psychological, social, and spiritual quality of life; ostomy-specific issues, and healthcare issues. The OSMT contributed 187 comments, and UC contributed 235 comments. Ostomy specific issues and social well-being had the most comments overall with UC contributing more comments in all domains except physical well-being. Word Clouds revealed post-operative and treatment-related issues and going out in public as the most common challenges in both groups. Word Clouds compared types of ostomies revealing bowel function challenges (colostomy group), difficulties going out in public (ileostomy group), and positive support (urostomy group). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer challenges submitted by the OSMT group provide the beginning evidence of the OSMT program impact. Dominant challenges across both groups were social well-being and ostomy care. Challenges varied by type of ostomy. Findings support long-term care and support for all cancer survivors with ostomies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02974634.

Living with an intestinal ostomy and urinary incontinence / Vivir con una estomía intestinal e incontinencia urinaria / Convivendo com estomia intestinal e a incontinência urinária

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how aged people with intestinal ostomies experience this situation together with urinary incontinence. Method: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research study, developed with 77 aged individuals with intestinal ostomies assisted by the Unified Health System, in four municipalities from the Metropolitan Region of Florianópolis. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews from October 2019 to February 2020. The theoretical framework used was Dorothéa Orem's Self-Care Theory and the data were submitted to content analysis, in its thematic modality. Results: the analysis allowed generating three thematic categories: 1) Feelings generated by the intestinal ostomy and urinary incontinence: acceptance, denial, fear, insecurity, constraints experienced due to the ostomy and to the urinary incontinence symptoms; 2) Lifestyle changes; and 3) Deficit in self-image. Conclusion: it was evidenced that, for most of the research participants, it is difficult to accept the experience of living with an intestinal ostomy and urinary incontinence, which generally produce negative feelings. However, the participants proved to be resilient and able to adapt to the changes in lifestyle. Many of these behaviors are due to the health professionals' important contribution in providing them the necessary attention, encouraging self-care strategies in both situations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender de qué manera los ancianos con ostomías intestinales viven esta situación junto con la incontinencia urinaria. Método: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, desarrollada con 77 ancianos con estomías intestinales atendidos por el Sistema Único de Salud en cuatro municipios de la Región Metropolitana de Florianópolis. La recolección de datos se realizó entre octubre de 2019 y febrero de 2020 por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El marco de referencia teórico empleado fue la Teoría de Autocuidado de Dorothéa Orem; los datos se sometieron a análisis de contenido, en su modalidad temática. Resultados: el análisis permitió generar tres categorías temáticas: 1) Sentimientos generados por la estomía intestinal y por la incontinencia urinaria: aceptación, negación, miedo, inseguridad, restricciones experimentadas a raíz de la ostomía y de los síntomas de la incontinencia urinaria; 2) Cambios en el estilo de vida; y 3) Déficit en la imagen propia. Conclusión: se hizo evidente que a la mayoría de los participantes de la investigación les resulta difícil aceptar la vida con una estomía intestinal e incontinencia urinaria, que generalmente les provocan sentimientos negativos. Sin embargo, los participantes se mostraron resilientes y aptos para adaptarse a los cambios en el estilo de vida. Muchos de estos comportamientos se deben al importante aporte de los profesionales de la salud al brindarles la atención necesaria, estimulando estrategias de autocuidado en ambas situaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como o idoso com estomia intestinal vivencia essa situação em conjunto com a incontinência urinária. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, desenvolvida junto a 77 idosos com estomia intestinal atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, em quatro municípios da Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis. A coleta de dados foi realizada de outubro/2019 a fevereiro/2020, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a Teoria de Autocuidado de Dorothéa Orem; os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Resultados: a análise permitiu a geração de três categorias temáticas: 1) sentimentos gerados pela estomia intestinal e pela incontinência urinária: aceitação, negação, medo, insegurança, constrangimentos vivenciados pela estomia e os sintomas da incontinência urinária; 2) alterações do estilo de vida; 3) déficit na autoimagem. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que para a maioria dos participantes da pesquisa é difícil aceitar a vivência com estomia intestinal e incontinência urinária, que geralmente lhes provocam sentimentos negativos. No entanto, os participantes mostraram-se resilientes e aptos a se adaptar às mudanças no estilo de vida. Muitos desses comportamentos se devem à importante contribuição dos profissionais da saúde em dar-lhes a necessária atenção, estimulando estratégias de autocuidado em ambas as situações.

Dealing With the Unthinkable: Bladder and Colorectal Cancer Patients' and Informal Caregivers' Unmet Needs and Challenges in Life After Ostomies.

OBJECTIVES: We examined patient and informal caregiver unmet needs to identify areas for targeted supportive care interventions and programs to enhance both patient and informal caregiver experience. DATA SOURCES: A total of 30 patients who underwent ostomy surgeries for bladder or colorectal cancers and 13 informal caregivers participated in the study. Patients were enrolled at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai between 2017 and 2018. Qualitative data were collected by individual interviews, audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data were iteratively analyzed using Atlas.ti to explore patient and caregiver unmet needs. RESULTS: Patients and informal caregivers reported having insufficient psychological preparation for ostomy surgeries, and very limited hands-on training on stoma care and utility of stomal appliances. Unmet psychological needs related to depression, anxiety, and distress caused by changes in body image and sexual, urinary, and bowel function were reported. Patients and caregivers also reported significant patient medical needs in the acute postoperative period including pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, inflammation, and complications resulting in hospital readmissions. Colorectal cancer patients specifically experienced significant challenges with changes in diet and nutrition that contributed to ostomy care burden. Both patients and caregivers recommended seeking psychological and social support to enhance both patient and caregiver emotional adjustment to life after ostomies. CONCLUSION: Meeting patient and informal caregiver unmet informational and supportive care needs is imperative to improve their quality of life and adjustment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: An effective supportive care plan should be designed and utilized in clinical care to improve ostomy patients' and caregivers' outcomes.

The Impact of Oral Sodium Chloride Supplementation on Thrive and the Intestinal Microbiome in Neonates With Small Bowel Ostomies: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Infants with ileostomies often suffer from sodium depletion, ultimately leading to a failure to thrive. Moreover, early-infantile microbial dysbiosis may potentially aggravate weight faltering. Given that sodium supplementation has been used to restore weight gain and feeding practices largely determine infantile microbiota, the current study investigated the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on weight gain and intestinal microbiome in infants with jejuno- and ileostomies. Methods: A prospective cohort study including 24 neonates with enterostomies compared 19 subjects receiving oral NaCl (5.85%) to five subjects without supplementation with respect to postoperative changes in thrive and the intestinal microbiome. Results: Infants receiving NaCl after enterostomy-surgery showed vastly improved weight gain and an increased abundance of Lactobacillus in fecal samples, as compared to subjects without oral supplement who displayed decreasing percentiles for weight and did not reveal a higher abundance of probiotic strains within the ostomy effluent. Contrarily, Klebsiella was equally enriched in supplemented infants, reflecting a higher susceptibility for infections in preterm neonates. Discussion: Our findings support oral NaCl supplementation as a mainstay of postoperative treatment in infants with small bowel ostomies who are predisposed to suffer from a sodium depletion-associated failure to thrive. Not only does NaCl promote weight gain by increasing glucose resorption, but it also appears to induce microbial restoration by enhancing the abundance of health-promoting probiotic bacteria. This finding has an even greater significance when facing an elevated Klebsiella/Bifidobacteria (K/B) ratio, believed to represent an early-life microbial biomarker for development of allergic disease.

Construction and validation of educational technology to prevent complications in intestinal ostomies / periestomy skin / Construcción y validación de tecnología educacional para prevención de complicaciones en estomas intestinales/piel periestomal / Construção e validação de tecnologia educacional para prevenção de complicações em estomias intestinais/pele periestomia

ABSTRACT Objective: To build and validate an educational booklet for preventing complications in intestinal ostomy and peristomy skin. Methods: Methodological study developed in: 1. Survey of the clinical profile of patients; 2. Integrative review; 3. Construction of technology; 4. Validation of educational material. The Delphi technique was used, with 18 judges with expertise in the field of stomatherapy. For data treatment, the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), descriptive analysis, Kappa Index (K), binomial test and Content Validity Index (CVI) were used. Results: The agreement rate between judges was higher than 0.61, for K p> 0.05, a proportion of 80% for the binomial test and 80% for the CVI. . The booklet showed an excellent index for K, binomial test and global content validity, becoming validated. Final Considerations: The booklet was validated in appearance and content, being an instrument that can favor communication between professionals and people with ostomies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar cartilla educativa para la prevención de complicaciones en estomas intestinales y piel periestomal. Métodos: Estudio metodológico desarrollado en: 1. Levantamiento del perfil clínico de los pacientes; 2. Revisión integrativa; 3. Construcción de la tecnología; 4. Validación del material educativo. Se utilizó la técnica Delphi, con 18 jueces con dominio en el área de estomaterapia. Para tratamiento de los datos, se empleó el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC), análisis descriptivo, Índice Kappa (K), test binomial e Índice de Validad de Contenido (IVC). Resultados: Se consideró la tasa de concordancia entre los jueces superior a 0,61, para el K p > 0,05, proporción de 80% para el test binomial y 80% para el IVC. La cartilla presentó un óptimo índice para el K, test binomial y validad de contenido global, volviéndose validada. Consideraciones finales: La cartilla ha sido validada en apariencia y contenido, siendo un instrumento que pode favorecer la comunicación entre profesionales y personas con estomas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar cartilha educativa para prevenção de complicações em estomias intestinais e pele periestomia. Métodos: Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em: 1. Levantamento do perfil clínico dos pacientes; 2. Revisão integrativa; 3. Construção da tecnologia; 4. Validação do material educativo. Utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, com 18 juízes com expertise na área de estomaterapia. Para tratamento dos dados, empregou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), análise descritiva, Índice Kappa (K), teste binomial e Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: Considerou-se a taxa de concordância entre os juízes superior a 0,61, para o K p > 0,05, proporção de 80% para o teste binomial e 80% para o IVC. A cartilha apresentou um ótimo índice para o K, teste binomial e validade de conteúdo global, tornando-se validada. Considerações Finais: A cartilha foi validada em aparência e conteúdo, sendo um instrumento que pode favorecer a comunicação entre profissionais e pessoas com estomias.

Convivendo com a estomia: adaptação do paciente frente à sua nova realidade / Living with the ostomy: patient adaptation to a new reality

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral conhecer os processos adaptativos vividos por pessoas com estomias. E, como objetivos específicos: identificar as estratégias adaptativas utilizadas por pessoas com estomias; descrever os sentimentos vividos por pessoas com estomias; e discutir os processos adaptativos e os sentimentos de pessoas com estomias. Posteriormente, propor um plano terapêutico para pessoas com estomias baseado na Teoria de Adaptação de Callista Roy. Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UERJ, com o seguinte parecer: CAAE: 06241319.1.0000.5282. Foi desenvolvido em uma Clínica de Estomaterapia localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com 16 pacientes, sendo 13 do sexo feminino, e 3 do sexo masculino, todos com mais de 1 ano de confecção de estomia. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de julho de 2019. Para tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardim, emergindo três categorias e seis respectivas subcategorias: I - a influência da rede social das pessoas com estomia no apoio ao seu processo de adaptação (rede social da pessoa com estomia; apoio profissional); II - enfrentamento das situações cotidianas para a adaptação das pessoas com estomia (cotidiano da pessoa com estomia e as dificuldades com o autocuidado; estratégias de adaptação da pessoa com estomia); e III - repercussões sentimentais vividas por pessoas com estomia (os sentimentos das pessoas com estomias; isolamento social e anseio para retornar à atividade laboral). A análise dos resultados se deu à luz da literatura especifica e da Teoria de Enfermagem de Callista Roy. Os principais resultados evidenciados foram que a rede social, a crença religiosa e a equipe profissional favoreceram a adaptação da pessoa com estomia. A construção da estomia foi um estímulo focal para a pessoa desenvolver meios de se adaptar à sua nova realidade, até mesmo com a criação de equipamentos para disfarçar a bolsa de colostomia; a participação em grupos de apoio, com rodas de conversa e troca de experiência, também foi evidenciado em sua recuperação. A cirurgia afetou física, social e psicologicamente a pessoa com estomia, fazendo com que, após o luto por ter seu membro amputado, passe a criar meios e mecanismos para a adaptação e a reabilitação. Conclui-se que as mudanças no cotidiano, a falta de conhecimento sobre as estomias e os sentimentos negativos gerados pela estomia dificultam a adaptação do paciente, ficando evidente a importância do atendimento especializado da enfermagem e de um plano terapêutico que dê suporte às demandas físicas e psicológicas, para, assim, facilitar a adaptação da pessoa com estomia.

This study aims to know the adaptive processes experienced by people with ostomies. And, as specific objectives: to identify the adaptive strategies used by people with ostomies; to describe the feelings experienced by people with ostomies; and to discuss the adaptive processes and feelings of people with ostomy. Subsequently, to propose a therapeutic plan for people with ostomy based on Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. This is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), under the following opinion: CAAE: 06241319.1.0000.5282. It was developed in a stomatherapy clinic located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, with 16 patients, 13 female and 03 male, all having the ostomy for over a year. Data were collected in July 2019. For data treatment, the Bardim content analysis was used, from which emerged three categories and six subcategories: I - the influence of the social network of people with ostomy in the support of their adaptation process (social network of with ostomy; professional support); II - coping with everyday situations for the adaptation of people with ostomy (daily life of the person with ostomy and the difficulties with self-care; strategies for adaptation of the person with ostomy); and III - sentimental repercussions experienced by people with ostomy (the feelings of people with ostomy; social isolation and desire to return to work activity). The results analysis was based on the specific literature and the Callista Roy's Adaptation Model of Nursing. The main results evidenced were that social network, religious belief and a professional team favored the adaptation of the person with ostomy. The ostomy construction was a focal stimulus for the person to develop ways to adapt to the new reality, even by creating an equipment to disguise the colostomy bag; The participation in support groups, with conversation circles and exchange of experience, was also evidenced in their recovery. The surgery affected the person with ostomy physically, socially and psychologically, so after the grief for having an amputated limb the person starts to create ways and mechanisms for adaptation and rehabilitation. It is concluded that the changes in daily life, the lack of knowledge about the ostomy and the negative feelings generated by the ostomy make it difficult for the patient to adapt, and it is evident the importance of specialized nursing care and a therapeutic plan that supports both physical and clinical demands to make the adaptation of the person with ostomy easier.

The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth among colorectal cancer survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies: A structural equation model analysis.

PURPOSE: Information on posttraumatic growth (PTG) among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies is limited. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the occurrence of PTG among CRC survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies and its association with perceived social support and resilience. METHODS: This study was conducted with 164 CRC survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies at least one month after surgery. Participants completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, perceived social support, resilience and PTG. RESULTS: The mean total score on the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory was 66.74 (SD = 13.99). Perceived social support (r = 0.450) and resilience (r = 0.545) were significantly positively correlated with PTG. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that resilience mediated the relationship between perceived social support and PTG in which the indirect effect of perceived social support on PTG through resilience was 0.203 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to high PTG was found in CRC survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies. The most important implication of this study was that improving social support and resilience might be scientific intervention strategies for promoting PTG among CRC survivors.

[Complications of digestive ostomies in pediatric surgery]. / Complications des stomies digestives en chirurgie pediatrique.

AIMS: To determine the frequency and factors of complications of intestinal stomas. METHODS: This was a retrospective study over a 7 year period from January 2004 to December 2010, covering all children aged 0-15 years, who received a stoma and hospitalized in the period of study. Excluded from this study, alimentary ostomy and urological ostomy, and children whose medical records were incomplete. RESULTS: We examined 192 cases of stoma or 27 cases/year. We noted a complication in 91 (48%) of our patients. The average age was 3.64 ± 5.03 years ranging from 6 hours and 15 years. The complicating factors were: the indication for surgery, type of stoma, the variety of stoma, surgical technique and equipment. CONCLUSION: The achievement of good technique and appropriate equipment would be needed to reduce some complications of the stoma.

OBJECTIFS: Déterminer la fréquence et les facteurs de complications des stomies digestives. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective de 7 ans allant de Janvier 2004 à Décembre 2010, portant sur tous les enfants âgés de 0­15ans, ayant bénéficié d'une stomie et hospitalisés dans le service pendant la période d'étude. N'ont pas fait partie de cette étude, les stomies d'alimentations et urologiques, ainsi que les enfants dont le dossier médical était incomplet. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons colligé 192 cas de stomies soit 27 cas/an. Nous avons noté une complication chez 91 patients (48%) de nos patients. L'âge moyen a été de 3,64±5,03 ans avec des extrêmes de 6 heures et 15ans. Les facteurs de complications ont été: l'indication opératoire, le type de stomie, la variété de la stomie, la technique chirurgicale et l'appareillage. CONCLUSION: La réalisation d'une bonne technique et un appareil adéquat seraient nécessaires pour réduire certaines complications des stomies.

Colitis segmentrria fibrinopurulenta en ostomas / Fibrinopurulent segmental colitis in ostomy

En la Caja Nacional de Salud de la ciudad de Cochabamba, se realizó un trabajo prospectivo y retrospectivo entre enero de 1999 a mayo del 2009, estudiando 185 casos operados de colon con colostomias de los cuales corresponden a Tipo Hartmann 112 casos (60,5%), cecostomias 35 casos (19%), Wangensteen 28 casos (15,1%) y Miles 10 casos (5,4%). En cuanto a la morbilidad por los procedimientos quirúrgicos encontramos: edema, dermatitis química, sangrados, absceso pericolostomico, retracción de la boca, necrosis parcial y total, estenosis, desprendimiento parcial y total, eventración, hernias internas, prolapso, fístulas, perforaciones, evisceracion y enfermedades psicológicas, que son complicaciones frecuentes de las colostomias. En forma casual encontramos 3 casos (1,6%) de colitis segmentaría fibrino-purulenta en las transversostomias de Wangensteen y este tipo de complicación no encontramos en toda la bibliografía revisada. Dos casos fueron tratados con resección y anastomosis termino terminal y un caso solo con resección de los bordes fibrosados y reconstrucción, creemos que este tipo de complicaciones, puede presentarse en las otras colostomias y cuya causa es una sobre infección por el mal manejo del ostoma. Por esta rareza consideramos que la colitis segmentaria fibrinopurulenta debe tomarse en cuenta dentro de la morbilidad de las colostomias. Finalmente tuvimos una mortalidad en tres casos (1,6%) por desprendimiento total de la ostomia de Hartmann por sepsis y por peritonitis estercorácea.

A prospective and retrospective research was carried out at trie Caja Nacional de Salud at Cochabamba whithin Janaury 1999 and May 2009. 185 cases of colon surgery were studied; 112 (60,5%) cases out of them corresponded to Hartmann, type 35 (19%) cases to colostomies, 28 (15,1%) cases to Wangensteen and 10 (5,4%) to Miles. As far as to morbility due to surgical procedures the following was found: edema, chemical dermatitis, bleedings, peri-colostemic abscess, mouth retraction, partial and total necrosis, stegnosis, partial and total detachment, eversión, internal hernias, prolapsus, fístula, perforation, evisceration and psichological illnesses were frequent complications of colostomies. Casually we found 3 (1,6%) cases of purulent fibrinous segmentary colitis in Wangensteen transversostomies. There is no reference to this kind of complications in any of the checked biography. We think it is possible to occur in any of the other coloctomies. Its cause is an over infection due to a bad treatment of ostomy. Because of this singularity we consider that purulent fibrinous segmentary colitis should be taken into account in the classification of morbility in colostomies. Finally, we had a morbility in three cases (1,6%) due to total detachment of the Hartmann ostomy due to sepsis and este reo rea co us peritonitis.

A comunicação não-verbal de pessoas portadoras de ostomias por câncer de intestino em grupo focal / The nonverbal communication in a focal group of persons bearing ostomies for bowels cancer

Este estudo teve por finalidade compreender, à luz dos referenciais da comunicação não-verbal e da fenomenologia de Alfred Schutz, durante a realização do grupo focal, a percepção do processo de adoecimento e repercussão no modo de vida de pessoas ostomizadas. Seu objetivo é descrever e analisar comunicação não-verbal, em grupo, de pessoas portadoras de ostomias por câncer de intestino. É um estudo de campo, exploratório, observacional, realizado em Hospital Escola de caráter público da cidade de São Paulo. A população foi composta de cinco pessoas portadoras de ostomia, devido ao câncer de intestino. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética Institucional, ocorreram cinco encontros, durante os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2001, norteados pelos seguintes temas: Eu antes do adoecimento, Eu doente e o tratamento, Eu me recuperando com uma ostomia, Eu e minha vida cotidiana, Eu neste grupo. Os dados foram coletados através de gravações em vídeo dos encontros e registros de diário de campo. A sala onde ocorreram os encontros era pequena, obrigando as pessoas a manterem uma distância íntima, o que provocou distorções na expressão espontânea dos participantes. Houve uma repetição dos conteúdos discursivos, os indivíduos reproduziam as ações, através de gestos ilustradores. Os gestos adaptadores também foram freqüentes, explicitando a ansiedade dos participantes, os quais interrompiam, com freqüência, a fala do coordenador, que se mostrou hesitante. denotando sua perturbação frente à carência no jogo identificatório e dificuldade de direcionamento no cenário, pouco dinâmico, da relação intragrupal. O estudo esclarece o quanto a leitura da comunicação não-verbal, em concomitância com os conteúdos verbais possibilita uma maior aproximação da compreensão do universo dos sujeitos pesquisados. Ressaltamos que é por meio do sofrimento impresso no corpo que eles buscam ajuda nos serviços hospitalares. ) A autora reconhece a necessidade de aprofundamento, visando determinar mais especificamente as diferentes variáveis da comunicação não-verbal, a partir de uma intervenção a médio e longo prazo, a fim de aplicar ações terapêuticas que possam ampliar a capacidade de expressão verbal e não-verbal dos sujeitos.

This research had as purpose to understand ostomized person's perception of the disease process and its repercussion on their lives during the realization of focal groups according to the theorethical frameworks posed by the nonverbal communication and Alfred Schutz's phenomenology. This work's objective is to describe and analyse the nonverbal communication of ostomy bearers due to bowels cancer while in group. This is an exploratory and observational field study that took place in a Public Service Hospital in the city of São Paulo. The population was composed by five persons bearers of ostomy due to bowels cancer. After duly approved by Institutional Ethics Committee, there were five meeting from November to December of 2001 guided by the following themes: "I before diseasing", "I diseased and the treatment", "I recovering with an ostomy", "I and the daily life", "I in this group". The data base was provide by meetings' videotape recording and the field diary records. The meeting room's small size held the group members in a very close distance, what provoked distortions in the spontaneity of the participants. There was repetition in speech contents, the individuals reproduced actions through illustrating gestures. Adapting gestures were also frequent, expliciting participants' anxiety, frequently interrupting the speech of the coordinator, which demonstrated hesitant, denoting perturbation in front of shortage in the identificatory game and difficulty in directing the low dynamic scenario of the intra-group relationship. This work clarifies how much the reading of the nonverbal communication concomitantly to verbal contents enables an increased approach in the understanding of the analysed subjects universe. We emphasize that is with the bodies suffering that patients seek for care in the hospital services. The writer recognizes the need of deepening the reserch in order to more specifically determine the different variables of the nonverbal communication, from a medium to long-term intervention, aiming to apply theurapeutical actions that widen subjects capacity of verbal and nonverbal expression.