ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze human plague from 2001 to 2011 in Qinghai Province and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods Using the descriptive epidemiological methods,epidemiological field survey data and medical records of each case of human plague were collected from 2001 to 2011 in Qinghai Province.Human plague was judged in accordance with the Plague Diagnostic Criteria (WS 279-2008).Results From 2001 to 2011,human plague was reported 14 times,with incidence of 38 cases,17 dead and death rate was 44.74％ in Qinghai Province.Epidemic areas mainly distributed in the 12 townships of 9 counties.Prevalent season was from May to October,September and October accounted for 57.89％ (22/38).There were cases of Tibetan herders and Han farmers,accounting for 76.32％ (29/38) and 23.68％ (9/38),respectively;onset age from 5 to 67 years,mainly around the age of 20-45 [68.42％ (26/38)].The most prevalent clinical types were pneumonic and septicemic plague and initial case was caused by actively contact with infected plague animals.Conclusions Qinghai human plague is mainly caused by approaching the plague infected animals,human plague in Qinghai Province is on the rise,the risk of long-distance transmission of the plague is significantly increased.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore epidemic characteristics and trend of livestock brucellosis in Zibo,and to provide a scientific basis for development of prevention strategies to brucellosis.Methods Epidemiology statistical analysis and forecast was made based on related information such as the active immunization data of human brucellosis,the infection data between people and livestock,and the active immunization data among livestock over the years since 1954.Results From 1954 to 2011,37 years had brucellosis cases reported in Zibo City,with accumulative reports of 380 cases,and the average incidence rate was 0.2512/100 000,distributed in 118 villages 56 counties 3 towns 5 districts of the whole city.From 1954 to 1988,only 14 years had brucellosis cases reported,with accumulative reports of 94 cases,and the average incidence rate was 0.1573/100 000.From 1989 to 2011,each year had brucellosis cases reported,with accumulative reports of 283 cases,and the average incidence rate was 0.3158/100 000,of which the highest incidence was in 2011 (45 cases).From 1958 to 2011,there were a total of 140 154 livestock went through serology monitoring,1162 positives,and the positive rate was 0.83％,while the total immunization number of sheep was 884 900,of which 28 years did not carry out immunization work.Conclusions The incidence rate has decreased year by year since the seventies of last century.But the epidemic is on the rise since 1989,while new epidemic areas are emerging and the history affected areas are still serious,therefore the brucellosis prevention and control situation is still grim.