UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Paederiae Herba for Folk Use / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The chemical constituents of ethanol extracts from Paederia scandens，P. scandens var.tomentosa，P. stenophylla and P. foetida used in folk were identified. And the differences of chemical constituents among the four kinds of ethanol extracts were compared. Method:The chemical constituents of four species of Paederia were qualitatively and rapidly analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The data were analyzed manually and matched through databases to determine the differences among the chemical constituents of four species of Paederia. Result:Twenty-three compounds were identified from four species, including 12 iridoid glycosides，such as paederoside，paederosidic acid，asperuloside，asperulosidic acid，paederosidic acid methyl ester and monotropein.5 quinic acid derivatives, such as 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid，chlorogenic acid，cryptochlorogenic acid,and 5 flavonoid glycosides，such as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside,quercetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-xyloside，rutin and simple compoundkinsenoside. Conclusion:Based on the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of the chemical components of four kinds of Paederia，the four peaks with the highest response intensity were paederoside，paederosidic acid，asperuloside and asperulosidic acid，all of which were iridoid glycosides.

Space matters: meristem expansion triggers corona formation in Passiflora.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flower meristems differ from vegetative meristems in various aspects. One characteristic is the capacity for ongoing meristem expansion providing space for new structures. Here, corona formation in four species of Passiflora is investigated to understand the spatio-temporal conditions of its formation and to clarify homology of the corona elements. METHODS: One bird-pollinated species with a single-rowed tubular corona (Passiflora tulae) and three insect-pollinated species with three (P. standleyi Killip), four (P. foetida L. 'Sanctae Martae') and six (P. foetida L. var. hispida) ray-shaped corona rows are chosen as representative examples for the study. Flower development is documented by scanning electron microscopy. Meristem expansion is reconstructed by morphometric data and correlated with the sequential corona element formation. KEY RESULTS: In all species, corona formation starts late in ontogeny after all floral organs have been initiated. It is closely correlated with meristem expansion. The rows appear with increasing space in centripetal or convergent sequence. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the concept of fractionation, space induces primordia formation which is a self-regulating process filling the space completely. Correspondingly, the corona is interpreted as a structure of its own, originating from the receptacle. Considering the principle capacity of flower meristems to generate novel structures widens the view and allows new interpretations in combination with molecular, phylogenetic and morphogenetic data.

Identificación de C-glicosilflavonas por HPLC y FTIR en extractos acuoso y metanólico de Passiflora caerulea y P. foetida (Passifloraceae) / Identification of C-glycosylflavones by HPLC and FTIR in aqueous and methanolic extracts of Passiflora caerulea and P. foetida (Passifloraceae)

Diversas especies de Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) son usadas en medicina tradicional en el tratamiento de la ansiedad, el insomnio y otros trastornos nerviosos. De ellas han sido aisladas varias C-glicosilflavonas. En este trabajo se determinó la presencia de C-glicosilflavonas en Passiflora caerulea L. y P. foetida L., por medio de HPLC y se utilizó FTIR en forma comparativa, con el objeto de hacer un aporte al control de calidad y caracterizar los extractos acuoso y metanólico de ambas especies. Los cromatogramas de HPLC de ambos extractos mostraron tiempos de retención característicos a 12,10 min (vitexina), 17,94 min (isovitexina), 19,93 min (orientina) y 25,11 min (isoorientina), con espectros UV característicos. P. caerulea presentó las cuatro C-glicosilflavonas mencionadas, mientras que P. foetida careció solo de isoorientina en el extracto acuoso y únicamente presentó vitexina e isovitexina en el extracto metanólico. En la zona de la "huella dactilar" de los perfiles FTIR se observaron diferencias cualitativas sustanciales. P. foetida presentó una banda a 1.250 cm-1, que no se detectó en P. caerulea. En esta última la relación de áreas CO/CH del extracto acuoso fue de 3,87; mientras que para P. foetida fue de 1,58; en el extracto metanólico la relación de áreas CO/CH resultó 17,09 para P. caerulea y 15,40 para P. foetida. Estos datos espectrales aportan herramientas que pueden facilitar la caracterización de ambas especies durante el control de calidad de las drogas crudas y de los medicamentos herbarios que las contengan en su formulación. (AU)