Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the well-being of healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Growing evidence attests to the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), but their effectiveness for healthcare workers remains uncertain. Aims: To evaluate the evidence for MBIs in improving healthcare workers' psychological well-being. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 31 August 2022 using the keywords 'healthcare worker', 'doctor', 'nurse', 'allied health', 'mindfulness', 'wellness', 'workshop' and 'program'. Randomised controlled trials with a defined MBI focusing on healthcare workers and quantitative outcome measures related to subjective or psychological well-being were eligible for inclusion. R V.4.0.3 was used for data analysis, with the standardised mean difference as the primary outcome, employing DerSimonian and Laird's random effects model. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Results: A total of 27 studies with 2506 participants were included, mostly from the USA, involving various healthcare professions. MBIs such as stress reduction programmes, apps, meditation and training showed small to large effects on anxiety, burnout, stress, depression, psychological distress and job strain outcomes of the participants. Positive effects were also seen in self-compassion, empathy, mindfulness and well-being. However, long-term outcomes (1 month or longer postintervention) varied, and the effects were not consistently sustained. Conclusions: MBIs offer short-term benefits in reducing stress-related symptoms in healthcare workers. The review also highlights limitations such as intervention heterogeneity, reduced power in specific subgroup analyses and variable study quality. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022353340.

Sistema de acciones de orientación educativa para la familia de niño con discapacidad físico-motora

Fundamento: la orientación educativa a las familias de niños con discapacidad físico-motora es esencial para su correcta rehabilitación e inserción en la sociedad. Objetivo: aplicar un sistema de acciones de orientación educativa a la familia de un niño con discapacidad físico-motora. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo de investigación acción práctica a la familia de un niño con diagnóstico de una parálisis cerebral percibida como una discapacidad físico-motora en el período julio 2021-diciembre 2022, perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Marta Abreu". Los métodos teóricos utilizados fueron: analítico-sintético; inductivo-deductivo y la modelación. Entre los métodos empíricos se aplicaron: la observación participante; entrevista en profundidad; análisis de documentos; diario del investigador y estudio de casos. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado demostró la necesidad de la preparación de la familia de un niño con discapacidad fisico-motora para afrontar con calidad esta nueva etapa de sus vidas, por lo que se diseñó y aplicó un sistema de acciones el cual fue estructurado en tres subsistemas: primero, acciones para el manejo de las técnicas de aseo; segundo, para las técnicas de alimentación; y tercero, los cuidados posturales y las transferencias. Fue valorado por especialistas vinculados con esta temática, quienes lo consideraron muy pertinente y viable. Conclusiones: el sistema de acciones de orientación a las familias de niños con discapacidad fisico-motora resultó efectivo pues se evidenciaron cambios importantes en cuanto al manejo de este niño por la familia.

Background: educational guidance for families of children with physical-motor disabilities is essential for their correct rehabilitation and insertion into society. Objective: apply a system of educational guidance actions to the family of a child with physical-motor disability. Methods: a qualitative practical action research study was carried out on the family of a child with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy perceived as a physical-motor disability from July 2021 to December 2022, from "Marta Abreu" University Polyclinic health area theoretical methods used were: analytical-synthetic; inductive-deductive and modeling: empirical ones: participant observation; depth interview; document analysis; researcher diary and case study. Results: the diagnosis carried out demonstrated the need to prepare the family of the child with a physical-motor disability to face this new stage of their lives with quality, so a system of actions was designed and applied which was structured in three subsystems: first, actions to manage grooming techniques; second, for feeding techniques; and third, postural care and transfers. It was evaluated by specialists linked to this topic, who considered it very pertinent and viable. Conclusions: the system of guidance actions for the family of a child with a physical-motor disability was effective as important changes were evident in terms of the management of this child by the family.

Cross-sectional study to assess the psychological morbidity of women facing possible miscarriage.

INTRODUCTION: Threatened miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy. This study aimed to assess psychological morbidity in women with threatened miscarriage, with the goal of identifying early interventions for women at risk of anxiety or depression. METHODS: Women in their first trimester attending an Early Pregnancy Assessment Clinic were recruited between July 2013 and June 2015. They were asked to complete the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory State form (STAI-S), the Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before consultation. They were also asked to rate anxiety levels before and after consultation using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: In total, 1390 women completed the study. The mean ± standard deviation of GHQ-12 (bi-modal) and GHQ-12 (Likert) scores were 4.04 ± 3.17 and 15.19 ± 5.30, respectively. Among these women, 48.4% had a GHQ-12 (bi-modal) score ≥4 and 76.7% had a GHQ-12 (Likert) score >12, indicating distress. The mean ± standard deviation of BDI, STAI-S, and FS-14 scores were 9.35 ± 7.19, 53.81 ± 10.95, and 2.40 ± 0.51, respectively. The VAS score significantly decreased after consultation (P<0.001). Compared with women without a history of miscarriage, women with a previous miscarriage had higher GHQ-12, BDI, and POMS scores (except for fatigue-inertia and vigour-activity subscales). A higher bleeding score was strongly positively correlated with GHQ-12 (Likert) score. There were weak correlations between pain score and the GHQ-12 (bi-modal) ≥4, BDI >12, and POMS scores (except for confusion-bewilderment subscale which showed a strong positive correlation). CONCLUSION: Women with threatened miscarriage experience a considerable psychological burden, emphasising the importance of early recognition for timely management.

General practitioners' perceptions of dealing with patients with pressured speech: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Empathetic listening can be particularly challenging with patients presenting pressured speech, while time pressure and costs limit practitioners' availability. We aimed to explore general practitioners' (GPs') experiences when encountering a patient with pressured speech without pathological syndrome. METHODS: Using a thematic analysis method, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs purposively sampled in Ile-de-France region. RESULTS: Three themes emerged. First, misgivings were aroused when meeting a patient with pressured speech, including frustration, displeasure, and a struggle to maintain focus. Second, huge efforts were needed to adhere to the appropriate clinical reasoning and care for these patients who need more time and energy. The very definition of this condition varies from one clinician to another, and for some, psychiatric conditions were systematically associated. Third, implementation of specific strategies was required to adjust to these patients: trying to create distance with the patient, to organize a framework in which the patient with pressured speech can express him or herself, and even strategies to increase GPs' availability. CONCLUSION: The time and energy required to provide adequate care for patients presenting with pressured speech make it quite challenging, and this builds up pressure in the waiting room. But when medical demands take this form, there is a risk that clinicians will reject the patient or refer early to mental health services, leading to growing feelings of abandonment, the neglect of organic issues, and medical nomadism. Initial and continuing medical training focussing on advanced communication skills and multifocal approaches can foster long-term follow-up.

Semblance of a physician: medical students' experiences during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus clinic simulation / Com o semblante de médico: experiências de estudantes de medicina durante a simulação clínica em Diabetes tipo 2 / Con el semblante de médico: experiencias de estudiantes de medicina durante la simulación clínica en Diabetes tipo 2

This qualitative research aimed to understand the experiences of a fourth-year medical class during two clinical simulation scenarios of type 2 diabetes management in Primary Care. Ten simulated students were interviewed. The results describe the symbolic conception of diabetes and its treatment as anguish, damage, condemnation and an unpleasant sentence that affects the appropriation and performance of the medical role by students. Considering Medical Psychology, we suggest that such subjective factors should be addressed in teaching-learning in addition to commonly cognitive aspects mentioned in the medical education literature in order for students to develop the work profile to cope with diabetes in Primary Care. Clinical simulation facilitates the subjective approach through its group support component to promote reflection, insights and self-awareness.(AU)

Esta pesquisa qualitativa objetivou compreender as experiências de estudantes de um quarto ano médico durante dois cenários de simulação clínica do manejo do diabetes tipo 2 na Atenção Primária. Dez estudantes simulados foram entrevistados. Os resultados descrevem a concepção simbólica do diabetes e seu tratamento como angústia, dano, condenação e uma sentença desagradável que afeta a apropriação e o desempenho do papel médico pelos estudantes. Considerando a Psicologia Médica, sugerimos que os fatores subjetivos apontados devem ser abordados no ensino-aprendizado além de aspectos cognitivos mais comuns na literatura de educação médica para que os estudantes desenvolvam o perfil de trabalho ao enfrentamento do diabetes na Atenção Primária. A simulação clínica permite esta abordagem subjetiva por seu componente de suporte grupal promovendo reflexão, insights e autoconsciência.(AU)

Esta encuesta cualitativa tuvo el objetivo de comprender las experiencias de estudiantes del cuarto año de medicina durante dos escenarios de simulación clínica del manejo de la diabetes tipo 2 en la Atención Primaria. Fueron entrevistados 10 estudiantes simulados. Los resultados describen la concepción simbólica de la diabetes y su tratamiento, tales como angustia, daño, condenación y una sentencia desagradable que afecta la apropiación y el desempeño del papel médico por parte de los estudiantes. Considerando la Psicología Médica, sugerimos que los factores subjetivos señalados deben abordarse en la enseñanza-aprendizaje, más allá de aspectos cognitivos más comunes en la literatura de educación médica para que los estudiantes desarrollen el perfil de trabajo para el enfrentamiento de la diabetes en la Atención Primaria. La simulación clínica permite este abordaje subjetivo por su componente de soporte grupal promoviendo reflexión, insights y autoconciencia.(AU)

Cancer-related psychosocial challenges.

Over the past decade, cancer incidence has increased globally while its mortality has decreased. Accordingly, healthcare practitioners aim to provide comprehensive care to cancer patients. The biopsychosocial model suggests medical professionals' understanding of how psychosocial factors influence the entire course of cancer is critical. However, until now, an integrative review summarising the full scope of these psychosocial domains has been lacking. This review substantiates that cancer patients, survivors, their caregivers, and oncology professionals face substantial psychosocial challenges. Cancer patients and survivors may experience deterioration of self-concept, disturbance of body image, sexual problems and difficulties in social relationships while attempting to cope with casual issues. The burdens of care provision and the impact on the health of caregivers of cancer patients are also noteworthy. Improving the quality of patient-doctor communication and overcoming burnout are significant challenges for oncology healthcare professionals.

A case of antipsychotic-induced psychomotor seizure.

A seizure is one of the most uncommon severe adverse side effects of antipsychotics. Clinical recognition rates for it are low, especially for psychomotor seizures. The authors present a case of psychomotor seizure caused by amisulpride to treat schizophrenia. A 60-year-old male patient in our hospital experienced a recent onset of repetitive, stereotyped involuntary and unconscious movements that began with amisulpride use. All of the symptoms disappeared following amisulpride withdrawal. His Naranjo Adverse Drug Reactions Probability Scale Score was 5 points. The case sheds light on the clinical risk of seizures related to antipsychotics.

Effects of a psychological and behavioral intervention on carotid artery stenosis in patients undergoing stent implantation / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of a psychological and behavioral intervention on carotid artery stenosis in patients undergoing stent implantation.Methods:Ninety-five patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent stent implantation in Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital) from June 2020 to June 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into observation group ( n = 48) and control group ( n = 47). The control group was given routine preoperative and postoperative treatment and nursing care. The observation group was given perioperative management, which was developed by medical experts to target patient's psychology and behavior, in addition to routine preoperative and postoperative treatment and nursing care. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, heart rate and blood pressure pre- and post-surgery were compared between the two groups. Results:SAS score, SDS score, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure post-surgery in the observation group were (43.22 ± 3.73) points, (34.71 ± 7.62) points, (63.22 ± 3.73) beats/min, (111.24 ± 8.53) mmHg and (73.43 ± 7.62) mmHg, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(44.22 ± 4.12) points, (37.92 ± 6.91) points, (81.98 ± 4.14) beats/min, (130.43 ± 32.21) mmHg, and (78.52 ± 5.51) mmHg, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:A psychological and behavioral intervention can guide patients to correctly understand carotid artery stenosis, eliminate adverse psychological factors such as fear and depression, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Intervención telefónica para mejorar adherencia terapéutica en niños con enfermedad renal / Telephone intervention to improve therapeutic adherence in children with kidney disease / Intervenção telefônica para melhorar a adesão terapêutica em crianças com doença renal / Intervention téléphonique pour améliorer lobservance thérapeutique chez les enfants atteints dune maladie rénale

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de una intervención cognitivo conductual vía telefónica sobre la adherencia terapéutica de niños con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) y sus cuidadores. Materiales y Métodos El estudio utilizó un diseño de caso único con línea base múltiple. Se aplicó la intervención vía telefónica con dos sesiones presenciales: al principio y al final. Resultados Se observó una tendencia a disminuir el olvido en los medicamentos, reducción del consumo de líquidos con alto contenido de azúcar y un incremento clínicamente significativo en las estrategias de solución de problemas por parte del cuidador. Conclusiones El cuidador percibió beneficios en el niño tales como mayor comprensión de la enfermedad y la importancia de los medicamentos, mayor frecuencia de actitudes positivas del niño hacia los tratamientos orales y mayor autocontrol en el consumo de alimentos y líquidos no saludables. La intervención se distingue por enfocarse en el niño y su cuidador y por aplicarse vía telefónica. La aplicación de un protocolo de intervención facilita que la efectividad del programa no se encuentre directamente relacionada con las habilidades terapéuticas del aplicador. Se recomienda llevar a cabo estudios con mayor cantidad de participantes para evaluar su eficacia.

Abstract Objective Evaluate the effects of a cognitive behavioral intervention by phone on the therapeutic adherence of children with chronic kidney failure (CRF) and their caregivers. Material and Methods The study used a single case design with multiple baseline. The intervention was applied by phone with two face- to-face sessions at the beginning and end. Results There was a tendency to decrease forgetfulness in the medications, reduction of the consumption of liquids with high sugar content and a clinically significant increase in the strategies of solution of problems by the caregiver. Conclusions The caregiver perceived benefits in the child such as greater understanding of the disease and the importance of the medications, more frequent positive attitudes of the child towards oral treatments and greater self-control in them consumption of unhealthy foods and liquids. The intervention is distinguished by focusing on the child and their caregiver and it being applied by telephone. The application of an intervention protocol facilitates that the effectiveness of the program is not directly related to the therapeutic abilities of the applicator. It is recommended to conduct studies with a larger number of participants to evaluate their effectiveness.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental via telefone na adesão terapêutica de crianças com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) e seus cuidadores. Materiais e Métodos O estudo utilizou um design de caso único com múltiplas linhas de base. A intervenção foi aplicada por telefone com duas sessões presenciais: no início e no final. Resultados Houve tendência a diminuir o esquecimento dos medicamentos, a redução no consumo de líquidos com alto teor de açúcar e um aumento clinicamente significativo nas estratégias de solução de problemas por parte do cuidador. Conclusões O cuidador percebeu benefícios na criança, como maior entendimento da doença e importância dos medicamentos, maior frequência de atitudes positivas da criança em relação aos tratamentos orais e maior autocontrole no consumo de alimentos e líquidos não saudáveis. A intervenção é diferenciada, concentrando-se na criança e seu cuidador e aplicando por telefone. A aplicação de um protocolo de intervenção facilita que a eficácia do programa não esteja diretamente relacionada às habilidades terapêuticas do candidato. Recomenda- se a realização de estudos com mais participantes para avaliar sua eficácia.

Résumé Objectif Évaluez les effets de l'intervention cognitive comportementale par téléphone sur l'observance thérapeutique des enfants atteints d'une déficience rénale chronique (MCK) et de leurs soignants. Matériaux et méthodes L'étude a utilisé une seule conception de cas avec une base de référence multiple. L'intervention téléphonique a été appliquée avec deux séances en face-à-face : au début et à la fin. Résultats On a observé une tendance à diminuer l'oubli des médicaments, à réduire la consommation de liquides à teneur élevée en sucre et à augmenter cliniquement considérablement les stratégies de résolution de problèmes des soignants. Conclusions L'aidant percevait des avantages chez l'enfant, comme une meilleure compréhension de la maladie et l'importance des médicaments, une fréquence accrue des attitudes positives de l'enfant à l'égard des traitements oraux et une plus grande maîtrise de soi dans la consommation alimentaire et fluides malsains. L'intervention se distingue en mettant l'accent sur l'enfant et son aidant et en s'appliquant par téléphone. L'application d'un protocole d'intervention facilite le fait que l'efficacité du programme n'est pas directement liée aux compétences thérapeutiques de l'applicateur. Il est recommandé de mener des études avec plus de participants afin d'en évaluer l'efficavacité.

A psychological health support scheme for medical teams in COVID-19 outbreak and its effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Medical staff fighting the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing stress from high occupational risk, panic in the community and the extreme workload. Maintaining the psychological health of a medical team is essential for efficient functioning, but psychological intervention models for emergency medical teams are rare. AIMS: To design a systematic, full-coverage psychological health support scheme for medical teams serving large-scale emergent situations, and demonstrate its effectiveness in a real-world study in Leishenshan Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. METHODS: The scheme integrates onsite and online mental health resources and features team-based psychosocial support and evidence-based interventions. It contained five modules, including a daily measurement of mood, a daily mood broadcast that promotes positive affirmation, a daily online peer-group activity with themes based on the challenges reported by the team, Balint groups and an after-work support team. The daily mood measurement provides information to the other modules. The scheme also respects the special psychological characteristics of medical staff by promoting their strengths. RESULTS: The scheme economically supported a special medical team of 156 members with only one onsite psychiatrist. Our data reflected that the entire medical team maintained an overall positive outlook (7-9 out of 10 in a Daily Mood Index, DMI) for nearly 6 weeks of continuous working. Since the scheme promoted self-strengths and positive self-affirmation, the number of self-reports of life-related gains were high and played a significant effect on the DMI. Our follow-up investigations also revealed that multiple modules of the scheme received high attention and evaluation levels. CONCLUSION: Our quantitative data from Leishenshan hospital, Wuhan, China, show that the programme is adequate to support the continuous high workload of medical teams. This scheme could be applied to medical teams dealing with emergent situations.

Vivências psíquicas de mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia: um estudo qualitativo / Psychic experiences of women with preeclampsia: a qualitative study / Experiencias psíquicas de mujeres con pre-eclampsia: un estudio cualitativo

As síndromes hipertensivas são as complicações mais frequentes na gestação constituindo, no Brasil, como primeira causa de mortalidade materna. A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar a vivência da gravidez e a constituição da relação afetiva mãe-bebê em grávidas com diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia. Participaram do estudo nove gestantes, acompanhadas em um ambulatório de gravidez de risco ou internadas em uma Unidade Materno-Infantil de um município do interior paulista. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com posterior análise de conteúdo temática. Os quatro temas identificados nas entrevistas foram: os sentimentos frente à descoberta da gravidez; expectativas: da ambivalência ao vínculo mãe-bebê; maternidade e maternagem: crise vital ou risco?; e a hipertensão na gestação: perspectivas psicossomáticas e repercussões emocionais da doença. O desejo da maternidade foi manifesto, apesar do risco, com uma representação mental do bebê e expectativas de superação da insegurança relacionada ao desempenho do papel materno.

Hypertensive disorders are the most common complications during pregnancy constituting, in Brazil, the first leading cause of maternal mortality. This study investigated the experience of pregnancy and the constitution of the mother-baby affective relationship in pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia. The study included nine pregnant women cared for at a Maternal-Infant Unity in an inner city in São Paulo state. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with thematic content analysis. The four themes identified in the interviews were the following: feelings related to the discovery of the pregnancy; expectations: from the ambivalence to the mother-baby bond; motherhood and mothering: vital crisis or risk?; and hypertension during pregnancy: psychosomatic perspectives and emotional effects of the disease. The desire of motherhood was manifested, despite the risk, with a mental representation of the baby and expectations of overcoming insecurity related to the maternal role.

Los síndromes hipertensivas son las complicaciones más frecuentes en la gestación constituyendo, en Brasil, como primera causa de mortalidad materna. La pesquisa ha objetivado investigar la experiencia del embarazo y la constitución de la relación afectiva madre- bebé en embarazadas con diagnóstico de pre-eclampsia. Han participado del estudio nueve gestantes, acompañadas en ambulatorio para embarazos de riesgo o hospitalizadas en Unidad Materno-Infantil de una ciudad en el interior paulista. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, con posterior análisis del contenido temático. Los cuatro temas identificados en las entrevistas han sido: los sentimientos delante del descubrimiento del embarazo; expectativas de la ambivalencia al vínculo madre-niño; la maternidad y "maternagem": ¿crisis vital o riesgo? Y la hipertensión en el embarazo: perspectivas psicosomáticas y repercusiones emocionales de la enfermedad. El deseo de la maternidad ha sido manifestado, no obstante al riesgo, con una representación mental del bebé y expectativas de superación de la inseguridad relacionada al desempeño de la función materna.

Gracias por todo: una revisión sobre la gratitud desde la neurobiología a la clínica / Thanks for everything: a review on gratitude from neurobiology to clinic

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health not only as the absence of disease but as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Gratitude is one of the concepts most commonly associated with well-being from the empirical point of view. Despite of this, we seldom use the concept, possibly due to the lack of dissemination of its scientific bases and possible clinical applications. At an anatomical level, it is related consistently with the medial prefrontal cortex and at molecular level, with the neuropeptide oxytocin. It has been associated with better physical and mental health parameters, both in healthy and sick populations. It is usually measured using scales, being the most used worldwide the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 item (GQ-6). There are exercises that can enhance gratitude and its benefits, such as the gratitude letter and the gratitude journal. Given the current state of knowledge about gratitude, and considering its potential benefits, low risks, ability to complement other treatments, the simple and cost-effectiveness of gratitude interventions, a continuing research on this topic and its practical implementation is warranted.

Más notícias: significados atribuídos na prática assistencial neonatal/pediátrica / Bad news: meanings attributed in neonatal/pediatric care practices / Malas noticias: significados atribuidos en la práctica asistencial neonatal / pediátrica

Resumo Trata-se de estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo, realizado com nove profissionais da saúde que atuam na área da medicina e enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica de hospital de ensino localizado no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo foi reconhecer significados atribuídos à comunicação de más notícias, evidenciados na prática profissional e nos sentimentos e emoções que essa tarefa desperta nos profissionais. Os dados foram levantados por entrevista semiestruturada e trabalhados por análise de conteúdo. A morte foi evidenciada como o principal significado atribuído às más notícias. Não foram observados protocolos ou rotinas padronizados na prática de comunicação de más notícias. Foi notório o significativo grau de sofrimento do profissional da saúde que realiza essa prática ocupacional. Os dados deste estudo enaltecem a importância de problematizar e refletir sobre a temática no ambiente hospitalar.

Abstract An exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study was conducted with nine health professionals working in the areas of medicine and nursing in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit of a teaching hospital located in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The objective was to identify the meanings attributed to the communication of bad news, articulating them with professional practice and the manifested feelings andemotions that this task awakens in health professionals. The data were collected in a semi structured interview and studied with content analysis. Death was found to be the main meaning attributed to bad news. Standardized protocols or routines in the practice of reporting bad news were not observed. The significant degree of suffering of health professionals performing this occupational practice was evident. The data of the present study emphasize the importance of problematizing and reflecting on this theme in the hospital environment.

Resumen Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo, realizado con nueve profesionales de salud que trabajan en el área de medicina y enfermería en una unidad intensiva neonatal y pediátrica, en hospital universitario situado en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. El objetivo fue reconocer significados atribuidos a la comunicación de malas noticias, evidenciados en la práctica profesional y en los sentimientos y emociones que esta tarea despierta en los profesionales. Los datos fueron recolectados en entrevistas semiestructuradas y trabajados por medio de análisis de contenido. La muerte se destacó como el principal significado atribuido a las malas noticias. No se observaron rutinas o protocolos estandarizados en la práctica de la comunicación de malas noticias. Fue notorio el grado significativo de sufrimiento del profesional de la salud que realiza esta práctica en el trabajo. Los datos de este estudio enfatizan la importancia de problematizar y reflexionar sobre este tema en el ambiente hospitalario.

[Beauty complication unit]. / Beauty-Komplikationssprechstunde.

A growing market, high demand, and the increasing complexity of cosmetic interventions have led to greater challenges in aesthetic medicine. In the present paper, medical, psychological and sociocultural aspects of possible complications are presented. Difficult situations can occur before, during, or after aesthetic interventions and require specific medical measures. This makes it necessary to set up a special consultation unit for beauty complications that takes into account extended medical and emotional aspects.

La psicología y la oncología: en una unidad imprescindible

El cáncer está considerado como un grave problema de salud en el mundo, no solo por constituir una de las principales causas de muerte en quienes lo padecen, sino también por las limitaciones físicas y psicológicas que provoca. La creciente incidencia de este padecimiento en la población mundial, la peculiar problemática emocional que acarrea el diagnóstico y los tratamientos que se deben seguir con los pacientes han permitido que la psicooncología surja y se desarrolle como una especialidad relativamente nueva, para resguardar las necesidades psicológicas asociadas a este proceso mórbido. Estos objetivos generan nuevas expectativas en el trabajo psicológico que requiere una mirada más abarcadora e integral, y a su vez específica, interdisciplinar y multifactorial. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer entre los aspectos fundamentales de la psicooncología, sus antecedentes, la relación entre el cáncer, el estrés y la personalidad y las intervenciones psicológicas básicas en esta especialidad.

Cancer is considered a serious health problem worldwide, not only because it constitutes one of the main causes of death of who suffer from it but also due to the physical and psychological limitations it provokes. The increasing incidence of this disease in the world population, the peculiar emotional problems involved in the diagnosis and treatment to be followed with patients have allowed onco-psychology to emerge an develop as a new specialty to safeguard the psychological needs associated to this morbid process. These objectives generate new expectations in the psychological work which demands of a more holistic and comprehensive look and at the same time specific, interdisciplinary and multi-factorial. The objective of this article is to resent among other main aspects of onco-psychology, its antecedents, its relation with cancer, stress and personality and basic psychological interventions in this specialty.

Esquemas mal adaptativos tempranos del área de la autovaloración y satisfacción sexual en adultos jóvenes de la ciudad de Medellín / Early maladaptive schemas in self-esteem and sexual satisfaction in young adults of Medellin / Esquemas mal adaptativos precoces da área da autovalorização e satisfação sexual nos adultos jovens da cidade de Medellín

Objetivo: describir la relación entre la presencia de esquemas mal adaptativos tempranos del área de la autovaloración y el índice de satisfacción sexual en adultos, hombres y mujeres con preferencia heterosexual, del área metropolitana de Medellín, Antioquia. La satisfacción sexual es un tema de interés de estudio propio de la psicología, pero que ha sido tratado por la ginecología y la urología en nuestro país. Los esquemas mal adaptativos tempranos son estructuras cognitivo-afectivas, con una alta carga emocional que se desarrollan en los primeros años de vida a partir de las interacciones del bebé con los cuidadores y que posteriormente se relacionan directa o indirectamente con trastornos y problemáticas psicológicas. Metodología: investigación cuantitativa, estudio analítico de tipo no experimental, de corte transversal. No se manipularon deliberadamente las variables ni se influyó sobre ellas. Se establecieron comparaciones y se analizaron las relaciones entre el área de la autovaloración de los esquemas mal adaptativos tempranos y el índice de satisfacción sexual en adultos jóvenes del área metropolitana. Resultados: del total de la muestra el 59.3% de la población, tiene activos uno o varios esquemas mal adaptativos tempranos del área de la autovaloración; se encontró que el 60.3% de los sujetos con esquemas activos en el área de autovaloración está insatisfecho sexualmente. Conclusiones: se confirman relaciones estadísticas (p <0.01) y con relevancia clínica, entre esquemas mal adaptativos tempranos del área de la autovaloración y la satisfacción sexual. El esquema con mayor correlación con el índice de satisfacción sexual fue el de Defectuosidad/Inamabilidad.

Objective: To describe the relationship between the presence of early maladaptive schemas in self-esteem and sexual satisfaction in adults; men and women with heterosexual preference in the Medellin metropolitan area. Sexual satisfaction is a topic of interest in the field of psychology, which in Colombia has been treated by gynecologists and urologists. Early maladaptive schemas are cognitive-affective structures with a high emotional charge which develop during the first years of life as a result of the interaction between baby and caregivers and which later on are directly or indirectly related to psychological disorders. Methodology: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. Variables were not deliberately manipulated nor influenced upon. Comparisons were established and the relationships between early maladaptive schemas in self-esteem and the index of sexual satisfaction in young adults in Medellin were analyzed. Results: Of the sample total, 59.3% of the population had one or more active early maladaptive schemas in self-esteem; 60.3% of subjects with active schemas in self-esteem were sexually dissatisfied. Conclusions: Statistical relationships (p <0.01) with clinical relevance were confirmed amongst early maladaptive schemas in self-esteem and sexual satisfaction. Defectiveness/unkindness was the schema with highest correlation with the sexual satisfaction index.

Objetivo: descrever a relação entre a presença de esquemas mal adaptativos precoces da área da autovalorização e o índice de satisfação sexual nos adultos, homens e mulheres com preferência heterossexual, da área metropolitana de Medellín, Antioquia. A satisfação sexual é um assunto de interesse de estudo próprio da psicologia, mas que há sido tratado pela ginecologia e a urologia no nosso país. Os esquemas mal adaptativos precoces são estruturas cognitivo-afetivas, com uma alta carga emocional que se desenvolvem nos primeiros anos de vida a partir das interações do bebê com os cuidadores e que posteriormente se relacionam direta ou indiretamente com transtornos e problemáticas psicológicas. Metodologia: investigação quantitativa, estudo analítico de tipo não experimental, de corte transversal. Não se manipularam deliberadamente as variáveis nem se influiu sobre elas. Se estabeleceram comparações e se analisaram as relações entre a área da autovalorização dos esquemas mal adaptativos precoces e o índice de satisfação sexual nos adultos jovens da área metropolitana. Resultados: do total da amostra 59.3% da população, têm ativos um ou vários esquemas mal adaptativos precoce da área da autovalorização; se encontrou que 60.3% dos sujeitos com esquemas ativos na área de autovalorização está insatisfeito sexualmente. Conclusões: se confirmam relaciones estatísticas (p <0.01) e com relevância clínica, entre esquemas mal adaptativos precoces da área da autovalorização e a satisfação sexual. O esquema com maior correlação com o índice de satisfação sexual foi o de Defeituoso/Apego.

Quality of life in hemodialysis patients and the relationship with mortality, hospitalizations and poor treatment adherence / Qualidade de vida de pacientes em hemodiálise e sua relação com mortalidade, hospitalizações e má adesão ao tratamento

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes sudden changes in the daily lives of patients, creates limitations to perform activities of daily life and creates a great impact on emotions and quality of life (QOL) of patients. Objective: To understand the relationship between QOL of patients on dialysis and mortality rates, hospitalization and absences. Methods: A prospective descriptive study with 286 patients on hemodialysis, by applying demographic questionnaire, KDQOL SF-36 and electronic medical record analysis Dialsist. Results: The mean age was 54.71 ± 14.12 years, with a mean score of QOL 60.53 having as higher factor encouraging the support team (85.03) and lowest in work status (21.11). The days of hospitalization is negatively correlated to the compounds of the instrument, particularly in physical functioning (p = 0.000), mean score (p = 0.001) and emotional well-being (p = 0.005). Women had lower QOL in physical role scores, symptoms/problems, physical functioning, emotional well-being, energy and fatigue mean score (p ≤ 0.05). The lowest score was found to be related to treatment of patients in 1 year and 7 months and 5 years (59.93) and higher in patients with more than five years and one month (61.39). Conclusion: Hospitalizations decrease QV emotional and physical scores and absences are directly related to social support and age. The study looked through the data raise subsidies for the work of the aspects that need stimulation and adaptation in the lives of patients, providing a better balance in the individual's life.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) acarreta mudanças repentinas no cotidiano dos pacientes, cria limitações para realizar as atividades de vida diária e gera um grande impacto nas emoções e na qualidade de vida (QV) do paciente. Objetivo: Compreender a relação entre a QV do paciente em hemodiálise e as taxas de mortalidade, hospitalização e faltas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e prospectivo com 286 pacientes em hemodiálise, mediante aplicação de questionário sociodemográfico, KDQOL SF - 36 e análise de prontuário eletrônico Dialsist. Resultados: Idade média de 54,71 ± 14,12 anos, com escore médio de QV de 60,53, tendo como fator mais elevado o encorajamento da equipe de apoio (85,03) e menor em status de trabalho (21,11). Os dias de hospitalização se correlacionaram negativamente aos compostos do instrumento, principalmente no funcionamento físico (p = 0,000), escore médio (p = 0,001) e bem-estar emocional (p = 0,005). As mulheres apresentaram menor QV em escores de papel físico, sintomas/problemas, funcionamento físico, bem-estar emocional, energia fadiga e escore médio (p ≤ 0,05). O menor escore encontrado foi referente aos pacientes em tratamento entre 1 ano e 7 meses e 5 anos (59,93) e o maior em pacientes com mais de 5 anos e 1 mês (61,39). Conclusão: As hospitalizações diminuem a QV do quesito emocional e físico e as faltas estão diretamente relacionadas ao suporte social e à idade. O estudo buscou, por meio dos dados, levantar subsídios para o trabalho dos aspectos que necessitam de estimulação e adaptação na vida dos pacientes, proporcionando um maior equilíbrio na vida do indivíduo.