Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection in the wild felid Leopardus guigna in Chile.

Landscape anthropization has been identified as one of the main drivers of pathogen emergence worldwide, facilitating pathogen spillover between domestic species and wildlife. The present study investigated Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection using molecular methods in 98 free-ranging wild guignas (Leopardus guigna) and 262 co-occurring owned, free-roaming rural domestic cats. We also assessed landscape anthropization variables as potential drivers of infection. Protoparvovirus DNA was detected in guignas across their entire distribution range, with observed prevalence of 13.3% (real-time PCR) and 9% (conventional PCR) in guignas, and 6.1% (conventional PCR) in cats. Prevalence in guigna did not vary depending on age, sex, study area or landscape variables. Prevalence was higher in juvenile cats (16.7%) than in adults (4.4%). Molecular characterization of the virus by amplification and sequencing of almost the entire vp2 gene (1,746 bp) from one guigna and five domestic cats was achieved, showing genetic similarities to canine parvovirus 2c (CPV-2c) (one guigna and one cat), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) (one cat), CPV-2 (no subtype identified) (two cats), CPV-2a (one cat). The CVP-2c-like sequence found in a guigna clustered together with domestic cat and dog CPV-2c sequences from South America, suggesting possible spillover from a domestic to a wild species as the origin of infection in guigna. No clinical signs of disease were found in PCR-positive animals except for a CPV-2c-infected guigna, which had haemorrhagic diarrhoea and died a few days after arrival at a wildlife rescue centre. Our findings reveal widespread presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 across the guigna distribution in Chile and suggest that virus transmission potentially occurs from domestic to wild carnivores, causing severe disease and death in susceptible wild guignas.

Achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em felinos domésticos com panleucopenia felina / Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings of domestic cats with feline panleukopenia

A panleucopenia felina é uma importante doença infectocontagiosa de felinos domésticos, principalmente em animais com menos de um ano de idade. Este trabalho descreve os achados clinicopatológicos e o diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico de 33 casos de panleucopenia felina. Os principais sinais clínicos relatados foram vômito, diarreia e anorexia. As alterações mais frequentes na necropsia foram mucosa intestinal avermelhada (16/33), evidenciação das placas de Peyer (14/33) e conteúdo intestinal liquefeito (7/33). Os achados histológicos mais frequentes no intestino foram necrose (33/33) e infiltrado inflamatório linfo-histiocitário na mucosa (31/33), fusão (27/33) e atrofia de vilosidades (26/33). Em órgãos hematopoiéticos as alterações se caracterizavam principalmente por necrose e rarefação celular. Obteve-se resultado imuno-histoquímico positivo para parvovírus em 84,85% dos casos analisados. O intestino delgado foi o melhor órgão para detecção viral, com imunomarcação em 84,85%. Dentre os órgãos linfoides, o baço apresentou o melhor resultado, com 47,37% dos cortes analisados positivos. A pesquisa revelou importantes lesões no intestino delgado e em órgãos linfoides e a técnica da imuno-histoquímica demonstrou-se eficiente na detecção do parvovírus.(AU)

Feline panleukopenia is an important infectocontagious disease of domestic feline, especially in animals under 1 year. This paper describes the clinical-pathological findings and the immunohistochemical diagnosis of 33 cases of feline panleukopenia. The most important clinical signs were vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. The main gross findings observed were reddening of intestinal mucosa (16/33), evidentiation of Peyer patches (14/33), and liquefied intestinal content (7/33). The most consistent histological findings were necrosis (33/33) and lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the intestinal mucosa (31/33), villus fusion (27/33) and villus atrophy (26/33). In the hematopoietic tissues, the findings were characterized mainly by necrosis and tissue depletion. Parvovirus positive immunohistochemichal results were obtained in 84.85% of the cases analyzed. The best organ for viral detection was the intestine, with 84.85% of labeling in the immunohistochemichal technique. The spleen showed the best result among lymphoid organs, with 47.37% of the sections positive. This study presents most important lesions in the small intestine and in lymphoid organs and the immunohistochemistry proved good results in the detection of parvovirus.(AU)

Achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em felinos domésticos com panleucopenia felina / Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings of domestic cats with feline panleukopenia

A panleucopenia felina é uma importante doença infectocontagiosa de felinos domésticos, principalmente em animais com menos de um ano de idade. Este trabalho descreve os achados clinicopatológicos e o diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico de 33 casos de panleucopenia felina. Os principais sinais clínicos relatados foram vômito, diarreia e anorexia. As alterações mais frequentes na necropsia foram mucosa intestinal avermelhada (16/33), evidenciação das placas de Peyer (14/33) e conteúdo intestinal liquefeito (7/33). Os achados histológicos mais frequentes no intestino foram necrose (33/33) e infiltrado inflamatório linfo-histiocitário na mucosa (31/33), fusão (27/33) e atrofia de vilosidades (26/33). Em órgãos hematopoiéticos as alterações se caracterizavam principalmente por necrose e rarefação celular. Obteve-se resultado imuno-histoquímico positivo para parvovírus em 84,85% dos casos analisados. O intestino delgado foi o melhor órgão para detecção viral, com imunomarcação em 84,85%. Dentre os órgãos linfoides, o baço apresentou o melhor resultado, com 47,37% dos cortes analisados positivos. A pesquisa revelou importantes lesões no intestino delgado e em órgãos linfoides e a técnica da imuno-histoquímica demonstrou-se eficiente na detecção do parvovírus...

Feline panleukopenia is an important infectocontagious disease of domestic feline, especially in animals under 1 year. This paper describes the clinical-pathological findings and the immunohistochemical diagnosis of 33 cases of feline panleukopenia. The most important clinical signs were vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. The main gross findings observed were reddening of intestinal mucosa (16/33), evidentiation of Peyer patches (14/33), and liquefied intestinal content (7/33). The most consistent histological findings were necrosis (33/33) and lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the intestinal mucosa (31/33), villus fusion (27/33) and villus atrophy (26/33). In the hematopoietic tissues, the findings were characterized mainly by necrosis and tissue depletion. Parvovirus positive immunohistochemichal results were obtained in 84.85% of the cases analyzed. The best organ for viral detection was the intestine, with 84.85% of labeling in the immunohistochemichal technique. The spleen showed the best result among lymphoid organs, with 47.37% of the sections positive. This study presents most important lesions in the small intestine and in lymphoid organs and the immunohistochemistry proved good results in the detection of parvovirus...