ABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivo: La parálisis bilateral del nervio laríngeo recurrente (PBNLR) es una complicación con gran morbimortalidad en la cirugía de tiroides, aunque infrecuente. La identificación visual del nervio laríngeo recurrente (NLR) continúa siendo el patrón oro en el manejo. El objetivo es evaluar si la neuromonitorización intraoperatoria (NMIO) reduce el riesgo de PBNLR durante TT (tiroidectomía total), mediante revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Método: Revisión sistemática de artículos que incluían series de TT con y sin NMIO para la identificación del NLR, sin restricción de fecha o idioma en PubMed, BVS, Cochrane, Clinicaltrials y WoS. Se evaluó la prevalencia de PBNLR. Se realizó estudio descriptivo de las variables incluidas y metanálisis según modelo de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 45 estudios, y se analizaron dos subgrupos: series retrospectivas (31 estudios) y series prospectivas (14 estudios); con un total de 197161 pacientes. Las series prospectivas resultaron homogéneas y con bajo sesgo de publicación, con un total de 11149 pacientes. En los estudios prospectivos, la diferencia observada del riesgo de PBNLR con y sin NMIO equivale a una reducción absoluta del riesgo (RAR) del 2.1 y un número necesario de técnica para realizar (NNT) de 487.15. Conclusiones: La NMIO aporta una reducción del riesgo de PBNLR. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroidectomy , Vocal Cords , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve , Indicators of Morbidity and MortalityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to study the etiology of vocal fold immobility with non-pathological LEMG. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients who presented with vocal fold immobility and underwent LEMG from 2009 to 2017. Those patients with normal LEMG findings were selected. The different causes of vocal fold impairment were studied. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients included in this study, 15 had a normal LEMG recording. The different etiologies of vocal fold immobility were idiopathic, central nervous system damage, iatrogenic, and external compression. CONCLUSIONS: Vocal fold immobility and vocal fold paralysis are not equal terms. Vocal fold immobility with normal LEMG has a heterogeneous group of causes. It is not correct to assume that the major cause of immobility in patients with normal LEMG is always cricoarytenoid joint fixation.
Subject(s)
Laryngeal Diseases , Vocal Cord Paralysis , Electromyography , Humans , Laryngeal Diseases/complications , Retrospective Studies , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Vocal CordsABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this paper is to study the etiology of vocal fold immobility with non-pathological LEMG. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients who presented with vocal fold immobility and underwent LEMG from 2009 to 2017. Those patients with normal LEMG findings were selected. The different causes of vocal fold impairment were studied. Results: Of the 120 patients included in this study, 15 had a normal LEMG recording. The different etiologies of vocal fold immobility were idiopathic, central nervous system damage, iatrogenic, and external compression. Conclusions: Vocal fold immobility and vocal fold paralysis are not equal terms. Vocal fold immobility with normal LEMG has a heterogeneous group of causes. It is not correct to assume that the major cause of immobility in patients with normal LEMG is always cricoarytenoid joint fixation. (AU)
Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo es estudiar la etiología de la inmovilidad de las cuerdas vocales con una EMG laríngea no patológica. Métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con inmovilidad de cuerdas vocales a los que se les hizo EMG laríngea desde 2009 a 2017. Se seleccionaron los pacientes con EMG laríngea normal. Se estudiaron las diferentes causas de inmovilidad de las cuerdas vocales. Resultados: De los 120 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 15 tuvieron un resultado de EMG laríngea normal. Las diferentes etiologías de inmovilidad de las cuerdas vocales fueron idiopáticas, lesiones del sistema nervioso central, causas iatrogénicas y compresión externa. Conclusiones: La inmovilidad de cuerdas vocales y la parálisis de cuerdas vocales no son términos equivalentes. La inmovilidad de cuerdas vocales con EMG laríngea normal tiene un grupo de causas heterogéneo. No es correcto asumir que la principal causa de inmovilidad de cuerdas vocales en pacientes con EMG laríngea normal sea siempre la fijación cricoaritenoidea. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Health Sciences , Vocal Cords , Electromyography , Vocal Cord Paralysis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to study the etiology of vocal fold immobility with non-pathological LEMG. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients who presented with vocal fold immobility and underwent LEMG from 2009 to 2017. Those patients with normal LEMG findings were selected. The different causes of vocal fold impairment were studied. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients included in this study, 15 had a normal LEMG recording. The different etiologies of vocal fold immobility were idiopathic, central nervous system damage, iatrogenic, and external compression. CONCLUSIONS: Vocal fold immobility and vocal fold paralysis are not equal terms. Vocal fold immobility with normal LEMG has a heterogeneous group of causes. It is not correct to assume that the major cause of immobility in patients with normal LEMG is always cricoarytenoid joint fixation.
ABSTRACT
There is controversy regarding the performance of preoperative laryngoscopy (LP) in thyroid surgery, with different recommendations being made, based on observational studies, in various publications. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of laryngeal paralysis found in the LPs of patients who underwent thyroidectomy in benign and malignant pathology. A systematic review was carried out with 29 articles included for the qualitative study and a meta-analysis of 13 articles in which the data could be obtained to evaluate the same effect (in all patients in which an LP was carried out, those with preoperative laryngeal paralysis were included, and assigned to malignant or benign postoperative histology groups). The pooled prevalence of preoperative paralysis in benign pathology was 1.1% (95% CI 0.7 to 1.7%, 71% I2) and in 6.3% malignant pathology (95% CI 3.8 to 9.4%; I2 85%). The prevalence was significantly higher among patients with malignant pathology with an estimated effect RR 5.66, 95% CI, 2.48, 12.88. The studies analyzed present biases that will need to be corrected in future research, eliminating blinding biases in the selection and allocation of patients or in the laryngoscopy technique used. The LP in thyroid surgery evaluates possible disorders of laryngeal motility. The prevalence of laryngeal paralysis in thyroid pathology found in LPs in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of malignant pathology was higher than in the benign pathology group. This information is necessary for interpreting the intraoperative neuromonitoring signal and for making informed decisions.
Subject(s)
Laryngoscopy , Thyroid Diseases/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroidectomy , Vocal Cord Paralysis/diagnosis , Vocal Cord Paralysis/epidemiology , Humans , Prevalence , Thyroid Diseases/complications , Thyroid Neoplasms/complications , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN A pesar de los avances en cirugía de vía aérea, tanto abierta como endoscópica, la inmovilidad bilateral de cuerdas vocales continúa representando un desafio significativo para los cirujanos de vía aérea. Entre las alternativas quirúrgicas existen tanto abordajes endoscópicos como transcervicales, no obstante, la mayoría de estas técnicas modifican estructuralmente regiones de la cuerda vocal y/o aritenoides de manera permanente. La traqueostomía ha sido el tratamiento de elección en niños con inmovilidad bilateral de cuerdas vocales severamente sintomática, sin embargo, el procedimiento ideal debiese establecer una vía aérea adecuada evitando la necesidad de realizar una traqueostomía, y a la vez no generar un deterioro de la función fonatoria. La capacidad de expandir el aspecto glótico posterior sin modificación estructural de aritenoides y/o ligamento vocal ha convertido a la sección cricoidea posterior endoscópica con injerto de cartílago costal en una alternativa quirúrgica atractiva para estos casos. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de la literatura y presenta un caso tratado mediante esta técnica en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción, Chile.
ABSTRACT Despite advances in both open and endoscopic airway surgery, bilateral vocal cord immobility still poses a significant challenge for airway surgeons. Among the surgical alternatives there are both endoscopic and transcervical approaches. However, most of these techniques structurally modify certain regions of the vocal cord and/or arytenoids permanently. Tracheostomy has been the treatment of choice in severely symptomatic children with bilateral immobility of vocal cords. Nevertheless, the ideal procedure should establish an adequate airway, avoiding the need to perform a tracheostomy, and at the same time not causing a deterioration of the phonatory function. The ability to expand the posterior glottis without structural modification of the arytenoids and/or vocal ligament has converted the posterior endoscopic cricoid split with costal cartilage graft into an attractive surgical alternative for these cases. In this article we review the literature and present a case treated by this technique in the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital in Concepción, Chile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Cartilage/transplantation , Vocal Cord Paralysis/surgery , Laryngostenosis/surgery , Cricoid Cartilage/surgery , Laryngoscopy/methods , Ribs/transplantation , Tracheostomy , Treatment Outcome , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Lasers, GasABSTRACT
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury remains one of the main complications in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. When this injury is bilateral, an acute upper airway obstruction may occur, leading to a potentially life-threatening situation for the patient. The visual identification of the nerve during surgery is the best way to preserve its integrity. However identification of the nerves by means of electromyographic stimuli through electrodes attached to endotracheal tubes could help in decreasing nerve injury. In these cases the experience and role of the anesthetist is essential to correctly place the electromyographic endotracheal tube and ensure that the electrodes are in touch with the vocal cords during the surgery. Moreover, the results of the electromyography can be affected by the neuromuscular blocking agents. Therefore, the choice and dose must be adapted, in order to ensure a suitable anesthetic depth, and adequate response.
