ABSTRACT
A new monotypic genus is described and illustrated based on the species Pugliesemyia titiznana gen. nov. et sp. nov. from the Caatinga domains of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. It belongs to the small group of genera in the Neotropical region (Stonyx Osten Sacken, Lepidanthrax Osten Sacken, Rhynchanthrax Painter) among the tribe Villini, with a projecting proboscis. In addition, we also provide an updated identification key to the known Brazilian genera of Villini, description and illustrations of the pupal case, bionomic remarks on the feeding habits and the host record of the species and a brief discussion on Villini systematics and boundaries of their genera.
Subject(s)
Pupa , Animals , Brazil , Pupa/anatomy & histology , Pupa/classification , Male , Female , Diptera/classification , Diptera/anatomy & histology , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The rice stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a significant pest of rice cultivation in Brazil and attacks plants during both vegetative and reproductive phases. Natural enemy surveys conducted in plantations located in Arari, Miranda do Norte, Matões do Norte, Santa Rita, and Viana (state of Maranhão, Brazil) led to the discovery of a new species of parasitoid, which is described in this study. Hexacladia lemosae Costa, Noyes & Machado sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the first species of its genus associated with T. limbativentris and develops as a gregarious endoparasitoid in adult stink bugs, occasionally in nymphs. The parasitoid emerges from the host while host is still alive.
ABSTRACT
Environmental heterogeneity is a major factor influencing the spatial distribution of organisms. Due to intimate relationships with their hosts, parasitic insects are inclined to be even more sensitive to variations. This study aimed to verify the relationship between spatial distribution of Mutillidae, potential hosts, and the effect of heterogeneity in the distribution of both, testing the hypotheses: i) the spatial distribution of mutillids depends on the distribution of hosts and ii) variation in environmental heterogeneity affects the distribution of both. Sampling was conducted in four fragments of the Cerrado. We collected Hymenopteran specimens from 25 plots of one hectare using 18 Malaise traps throughout one year, totalizing 32,400 trap-hours. Female Mutillidae were hand collected at all sampling points, for a total of 450 man-hours. At each hectare plot, we obtained the environmental variables from nine plots of 25 m2 A total of 1,089 individuals were collected (Apidae: 311; Crabronidae: 165; Shpecidae: 84; Vespidae: 229) belonging to 127 species of potential hosts (bees and wasps) and 300 individuals (42 species) of Mutillidae. Leaf-litter depths showed significant relation in host-parasitoid distribution. The spatiotemporal distribution followed the predator-prey model for Mutillidae, and environmental heterogeneity was a factor that determined the structure of the host-parasitoid community. The results suggest an intense relationship between the Mutillidae and Crabronidae, as well as Sphecidae and two Apidae subfamilies (Halictinae and Colletinae). These families and subfamilies present behavior in which they build nests in aggregations even each female being solitary. Crabronidae is considered the best potential host for Mutillidae.
Subject(s)
Animal Distribution , Host-Parasite Interactions , Wasps/physiology , Wasps/parasitology , Animals , Brazil , Environment , Female , Population DensityABSTRACT
Two species of Timulla Ashmead that parasitize nests of Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in riparian vegetation in the Miranda Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil were recorded. Also, the behavior of Timulla species, and first report of T. intermissa in the Brazilian Pantanal was reported.
Registramos duas espécies de Timulla Ashmead parasitando ninhos de Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em mata ciliar na região do Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram observados comportamentos das espécies de Timulla e primeiro registro de T. intermissa para o Pantanal Brasileiro.
ABSTRACT
Philornis Meinert larvae are known as parasites of birds, with coprophagous, semi-hematophagous or hematophagous habits. Biological data of the larvae of the fifty described species are still scarcely known. Here we describe some aspects of the parasitism of a species of Philornis on Thalurania glaucopis Gmelin (Trochilidae) and record two species of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids, Conura annulifera (Walker, 1864) and Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787), reared from Philornis puparia.
As larvas de Philornis Meinert são conhecidas como parasitas de aves, com hábitos coprófagos, semi-hematófagos ou hematófagos. Dados biológicos das larvas das 50 espécies descritas são ainda pouco conhecidos. Aqui são descritos alguns aspectos do parasitismo de uma espécie de Philornis em Thalurania glaucopis Gmelin (Trochilidae) e duas espécies parasitóides de Chalcididae (Hymenoptera), Conura annulifera (Walker, 1864) e Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) que emergiram de pupários de Philornis sp. são registradas.
ABSTRACT
Philornis Meinert larvae are known as parasites of birds, with coprophagous, semi-hematophagous or hematophagous habits. Biological data of the larvae of the fifty described species are still scarcely known. Here we describe some aspects of the parasitism of a species of Philornis on Thalurania glaucopis Gmelin (Trochilidae) and record two species of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids, Conura annulifera (Walker, 1864) and Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787), reared from Philornis puparia.
As larvas de Philornis Meinert são conhecidas como parasitas de aves, com hábitos coprófagos, semi-hematófagos ou hematófagos. Dados biológicos das larvas das 50 espécies descritas são ainda pouco conhecidos. Aqui são descritos alguns aspectos do parasitismo de uma espécie de Philornis em Thalurania glaucopis Gmelin (Trochilidae) e duas espécies parasitóides de Chalcididae (Hymenoptera), Conura annulifera (Walker, 1864) e Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) que emergiram de pupários de Philornis sp. são registradas.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT This note reports parasitism by Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on the cigarette beetle that was found infesting opened pet-food bags in Rio de Janeiro retail pet store. The larvae were maintained under controlled laboratorial conditions in order to obtain the adult stage. From the pupae obtained from the laboratory, 84.6% were parasitized, 10.27% produced beetles and 5.13% had no emergence. This hymenoptera is an important natural enemy of some vectors and stored-product pests, being an alternative in the biological control of the species Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).
RESUMO Nesta nota é relatada o parasitismo de Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) sobre Lasioderma serricorne encontrado infestando rações de animais domésticos em loja de produtos veterinários na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As larvas deste coleóptero foram mantidas vivas sob temperatura, umidade relativa controladas e fotoperíodo de 12h, objetivando-se o desenvolvimento das formas adultas. Das pupas obtidas em laboratório, 84,6% emergiram parasitóides, 10,27% emergiram besouros e de 5,13% das pupas não foi verificada nenhuma emergência. Este parasitóide é considerado um eficiente inimigo natural de alguns vetores e pragas de produtos armazenados sendo, portanto, uma alternativa no controle biológico de Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).
ABSTRACT
Devido à importância de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) como vetor de microrganismos patogênicos em grandes aglomerações humanas, este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer a mortalidade da mosca durante as fases larval e pupal e o seu parasitismo por microhimenópteros. Larvas de C. megacephala de terceiro ínstar, juntamente com seu substrato de criação (carne bovina moída putrefata), foram colocadas por sete dias próximo a lixeiras, no campus do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz /FIOCRUZ e no Jardim Zoológico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, de agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000. As pupas recolhidas após o período em campo foram individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina e mantidas em câmara climática (27°C) por aproximadamente 35 dias. Foi verificado o número de pupas com emergência de moscas, com emergência de parasitóides e pupas sem emergência, sendo as últimas dissecadas. Obteve-se mortalidade média de 29,6 percent durante a fase larval e pupal das moscas quando expostas ao ambiente externo, contra 16,5 percent do grupo controle. Das pupas trazidas do campo, 5,6 percent estavam parasitadas, de 77,6 percent emergiram moscas e de 16,8 percent não houve emergência. Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead (Encyrtidae) mostrou-se um promissor inimigo natural de C. megacephala, com a maior percentagem de colonização das pupas parasitadas (78,6 percent) e maior número médio de parasitóides por pupa (15,2). Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani (Pteromalidae) e Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Pteromalidae), apresentaram menor percentagem de parasitismo que a primeira espécie, tanto no IOC como no Zoológico, parasitando 13,2 percent e 8,2 percent das pupas, ambos com 1,0 e 11,1 parasitóides por pupa, em média, respectivamente.
Due to the importance of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) as a pathogenic microoganism vector in large human agglomerations, the objective of this research was to understand the host-parasite relationship under field conditions. Third instar larvae of the fly and putrefying ground beef, replaced every seven days under the same conditions, were placed close to the litter bins, on the campus of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ and the Rio de Janeiro Zoological Garden, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, from August 1999 to July 2000. The pupae taken to the laboratory were screened (fly emergence or not), individualized in gelatin capsules, and placed in a climatic chamber (27°C) for approximately 35 days. After this period, the number of pupae with and without parasitoid emergence was counted and the pupae without emergence were dissected. A natural mean loss of 29.6 percent of fly larva and pupae was detected when exposed to the external environment compared with 16.5 percent in the control group. An average of 5.6 percent of the pupae brougth from the field were parasitized, 77.6 percent produced flies and 16.8 percent had no emergence. Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead was a promising natural enemy to C. megacephala, with the largest percentage of parasitized pupae (78.6 percent) and greater mean number of parasitoids per pupae (15.2). Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) presented lower percentage of parasitism than T. zealandicus, both in IOC and in the ZOO, parasitizing 13.2 percent and 8.2 percent of the pupae, with 1.0 and 11.1 parasitoids per pupae, on average, respectively.