Behavioral Parent Training for School-Aged Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials.

BACKGROUND: All guidelines for the treatment of ADHD in children include behavioral parent training in combination with other strategies. In the past, several systematic reviews have been carried out that were either outdated or not sufficiently specific to ADHD. We wanted to conduct a new review focusing on a specific ADHD population of school age (4-12 years) and on behavioral and cognitive programs. We aimed to test our hypothesis that behavioral parent training would improve parents' difficulties, children's symptomatology, and the quality of life of families with ADHD. METHODS: PUBMED, PsychInfo, Web of Science, ERIC, and Cochrane databases were searched for original articles on randomized control trials on behavioral parent training group for children with ADHD aged from 4 to 12 years until July 2023. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review. The results were divided into four categories: parent data, child data collected by parents, teachers, or researchers. A qualitative analysis revealed for parents, effects on parental stress, feelings of parental efficacy, and negative parental educational behavior. As regard children, only effects are noted for parental assessment, on ADHD symptomatology, externalized disorders, and social skills. CONCLUSION: Despite the heterogeneity or small number of studies in some categories, BPTs have positive effects on both parents and children. There are no convincing results to support the generalization of progress. This would seem to indicate that it remains essential to consider actions specific to each problematic environment for the child.

Parental Skills and Academic Competences in School Children: The Mediator Role of Executive Functions

Abstract The role of parenting in the development of children's learning constitutes, at present, part of the discussion in the psychoeducational field. Although parental competences (PC) and executive functions (EF) have been investigated by psychology and neuropsychology, their relationship with academic competences remains to be fully studied. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the effect of PC perceived by parents on behavioral EF and performance-based measures of reading and mathematical competences in children. We worked with 131 school children of both sexes, between 9 and 11 years old, and their respective parents. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and structural equation model (SEM) were used. The results indicate that parental skills from the parents' perspective have a significant effect on EF, reading, and mathematical skills. However, the best fit model indicates that EFs mediate the relationship between parenting skills and reading and math skills.

Resumen El rol parental en el desarrollo del aprendizaje de los niños constituye, en el presente, una parte de la discusión en el campo psicoeducativo. Aunque las competencias parentales (PC) y las funciones ejecutivas (EF) han sido investigadas por la psicología y la neuropsicología, su relación con las competencias académicas permanece abierta para ser estudiada a profundidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el efecto de los PC percibidos por los padres en EF comportamentales y las mediciones basadas en el desempeño de las competencias lectoras y matemáticas en niños. Trabajamos con 131 niños y niñas de colegio, entre 9 y 11 años, y sus padres. Se hizo uso del Análisis Multivarial de Variación (MANOVA) y el modelo de ecuación estructural (SEM). Los resultados indican que las habilidades parentales desde la perspectiva de los padres poseen un efecto significativo en las EF, la lectura y las habilidades matemáticas. De forma que los modelos mejor ajustados indican que las EFs median la relación entre las habilidades parentales, lectoras y matemáticas.

O enfermeiro obstetra na aquisição de competências parentais da grávida adolescente / The obstetric nurse in acquiring parental skills for pregnant teenagers

O relatório de estágio descreve o processo de aprendizagem no desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas de enfermeiro especialista com a finalidade de adquirir o grau de mestre em enfermagem de saúde materna e obstétrica. Os contextos clínicos de aprendizagem em cuidados de saúde primários e nos serviços de medicina materno-fetal, ginecologia, puerpério, neonatologia e bloco de partos permitiram o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e científicas para a prestação de cuidados especializados no âmbito da saúde da mulher ao longo do ciclo reprodutivo. A temática deste relatório centra-se na aquisição de competências da grávida adolescente. A teoria de médio alcance de Meleis, o quadro de referência escolhido para fundamentar os cuidados de enfermagem, orienta o enfermeiro no processo de transição da grávida adolescente, permitindo planear intervenções e contribuir para uma transição saudável e positiva. Privilegiámos uma prática reflexiva e baseada na evidência. Realizámos a scoping review de acordo com a Joanna Briggs Institute, nas bases de dados MedLine, CINAHL e PubMed com a questão de pesquisa "Qual o contributo do enfermeiro obstetra na aquisição de competências parentais da grávida adolescente durante a transição para a parentalidade?". Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa com entrevistas a 7 grávidas adolescentes institucionalizadas. De acordo com o relato das suas experiências, de um modo geral, as adolescentes referem medo e insegurança. Estão satisfeitas com o acompanhamento do enfermeiro obstetra durante a gravidez e o contributo é positivo para a aquisição de competências parentais, no entanto, revelam falta de apoio no pós-parto evidenciando o apoio das técnicas da instituição Concluímos que importa fomentar o trabalho interinstitucional onde o enfermeiro obstetra integre a equipa e intervenha de forma eficiente no acompanhamento da grávida adolescente institucionalizada.

This report describes the learning process in midwife skills development to acquire a master's degree in Midwifery. Primary health care, maternal-fetal medicine, gynecology, puerperium, neonatology, and the delivery room were the clinical contexts that allowed the development of technical and scientific skills for the provision of specialized care in the field of women's health. The theme of this report focuses on acquisition of skills of pregnant adolescent. Meleis' mid-range theory, the frame of reference chosen to support the nursing care, guides nurses during the transition process of pregnant adolescents, allowing them plan interventions and contribute to a healthy and positive transition. A reflective and evidence-based practice was the process basis. We performed the scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute, in MedLine, CINAHL and PubMed databases with the research question "What is the contribution of the obstetric nurse in parenting skills acquisition of pregnant adolescent during transition to parenthood?". An exploratory descriptive study with qualitative approach was carried out with 7 institutionalized pregnant adolescents interviewed. According to their experience's description, in general, the adolescents report fear and insecurity. They are satisfied with the obstetric nurse attendance during pregnancy and the contribution is positive for parenting skills acquisition, however, they reveal a lack of support in the postpartum period, underling the support provided by institution's team. We conclude that it is important to encourage interinstitutional work where the obstetric nurse is involved in multidisciplinary team to support efficiently institutionalized pregnant adolescents.

Communication Technology Use by Caregivers of Adolescents With Mental Health Issues: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues experience challenges that may result in the caregivers having a variety of unmet needs. There is a growing need to support these caregivers. Effective support to strengthen positive caregiving behavior in caregivers may address their challenges. Communication technologies offer novel opportunities to assist these caregivers and may contribute to strengthening caregiver behavior. However, little is known about the use of communication technologies among caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to answer the question: "What is the best evidence available to strengthen positive behavior of caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues using communication technology." METHODS: A systematic review of articles published between January 2007 and August 2018 was conducted. Searches included articles of multiple study designs from EBSCO Host and Scopus platforms with prespecified eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was evaluated using the applicable Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tools. RESULTS: The search yielded 1746 articles. Altogether, 5 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review for data synthesis. Data analysis and synthesis identified three thematic conclusions reflecting the types of communication technologies used, caregivers as the target population, and strengthening of positive behavior through determinants of the Integrated Model of Behavior Prediction. CONCLUSIONS: The review reported the usefulness of communication technology by caregivers. Caregivers also demonstrated improvement in self-efficacy, knowledge, parent-child communication, and parental skills reflecting positive behavior. Although the use of communication technology is expanding as a supportive intervention to address caregivers' needs, the evidence for usefulness among caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues is still scarce. More research and information related to preferred methods of communication delivery among caregivers of adolescents is still needed.

Community intervention: assessment of parental training of a family prevention programme of substance use and associated risk behaviours / Intervención comunitaria: evaluación de la formación de los padres de un programa de prevención familiar de consumo de sustancias y comportamientos de riesgo asociados

Abstract The manuscript presents the results of a family and community intervention project to prevent drug use. The project was theoretically based in two integrative models - Structural Model of Cowen and Eco-Developmental Model - taking a multicausal perspective and the methodological principle of empowerment. This study had two assessment moments: (T1) a week before the intervention and (T2) a week after the end of the intervention. Data was collected from 42 adults with parenting responsibilities and the results indicate significant changes in the increase of cohesion, expressivity, control, and the increase of the orientation for recreational activities. It has also observed a decrease of the educational strategies that characterise the authoritarian and permissive styles.

Resumen El manuscrito presenta los resultados de un proyecto familiar de intervención comunitaria de prevención del consumo de drogas. El proyecto se basa en dos modelos de integración: modelo estructural de Cowen y modelo ecodesarrollo, adoptando una perspectiva multicausal y guiándose por el principio metodológico de empoderamiento. Este estudio tuvo dos momentos de evaluación: (T1) una semana antes de la intervención y (T2) una semana después del final de la intervención. Se presentan los datos reunidos de 42 adultos con responsabilidades parentales y los resultados indican cambios significativos en el ámbito familiar en el aumento de la cohesión, expresividad, el control y de la orientación de las actividades recreativas. También se observa una disminución de las estrategias educativas que caracterizan los estilos autoritarios y permisivos.