Ecosystem Services Approach in Turnicki National Park Planning: Factors Influencing the Inhabitants' Perspectives on Local Natural Resources and Protected Areas.

Despite changing paradigms in nature conservation, protected areas, such as national parks, remain key tools for nature conservation. Today, protected areas are perceived as socio-ecological systems, therefore using an ecosystem services approach may help in their designation. Here, we focus on the planned Turnicki National Park located in the far eastern part of the Polish Carpathian Mountains and conflict between proponents of the park establishment and local stakeholders. We used an ecosystem services-driven questionnaire survey among local communities to analyze interactions between the perception of ecosystem services and opinions about national parks, and the role of social and economic status in shaping these opinions. We found links between opinions towards national parks and other factors: age, life span in a municipality, level of education, and an average net income. Respondents who perceived benefits from nature were more positive towards national parks in general and the Turnicki National Park specifically; however, those who prioritized provisioning services were more skeptical. Also, we distinguished four Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis models which describe factors shaping opinions on national parks, respectively. The study has shown that the ecosystem services lens perspective can help in exploring the factors crucial while establishing the protected areas in specific social and economic context. The main implication for the study is careful consideration of the role of national park to protect the local environment in harmony with social needs and economic development.

St. Louis Enhancing Engagement and Retention in HIV/AIDS Care (STEER): a participatory intersectional needs assessment for intervention and implementation planning.

Background Missouri is one of seven priority states identified by the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative, and St. Louis contains almost half of the people living with HIV (PLWH) in Missouri. As St. Louis has a marked history of structural racism and economic inequities, we utilized the Intersectionality Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) framework to guide a participatory needs assessment for planning and program development. Methods The planning team included researchers, the lead implementer from our community partner, and two community representatives, and had biweekly 60-90 minute meetings for 18 months. The planning team discussed and approved all research materials, reviewed and interpreted results, and made decisions about outreach, recruitment, conduct of the needs assessment and development of the planned intervention. The needs assessment integrated information from existing data, (1) interviews with (a) PLWH (n=12), (b) community leaders (n=5), (c) clinical leaders (n=4), and (d) community health workers (CHWs) (n=3) and (e) CHW supervisors (n=3) who participated in a Boston University-led demonstration project on CHWs in the context of HIV and (2) focus groups (2 FG, 12 participants) with front line health workers such as peer specialists, health coaches and outreach workers. A rapid qualitative analysis approach was used for all interviews and focus groups. Results The IBPA was used to guide team discussions of team values, definition and framing of the problem, questions and topics in the key informant interviews, and implementation strategies. Applying the IBPA framework contributed to a focus on intersectional drivers of inequities in HIV services. The effective management of HIV faces significant challenges from high provider turnover, insufficient integration of CHWs into care teams, and organizational limitations in tailoring treatment plans. Increasing use of CHWs for HIV treatment and prevention also faces challenges. People living with HIV (PLWH) encounter multiple barriers such as stigma, lack of social support, co-morbidities, medication side effects and difficulties in meeting basic needs. Conclusions Addressing intersectional drivers of health inequities may require multi-level, structural approaches. We see the IBPA as a valuable tool for participatory planning while integrating community engagement principles in program and implementation design for improving HIV outcomes.

Community-based participatory planning contribution to social capital for enhanced disaster resilience in rural Matobo, Zimbabwe.

The infusion of participatory methodologies in Zimbabwe gained momentum across rural and urban development planning platforms in the past decades. Participatory approaches are envisaged to deepen grassroots involvement in local planning and strengthen social networks for enhanced disaster resilience against complex weather-related hazards such as droughts. This article examines how community-based participatory planning (CBPP) contributes to the cohesiveness of the vulnerable groups and harnesses local capacities in building social capital. The article is underpinned by the community capital framework in understanding the nexus between participatory planning and social capital. Primary evidence is drawn from the cross-sectional study that targeted different socio-economic groups (N = 120) drawn from the selected three wards out of the 10 where CBPPs were conducted in Matobo district in 2016. The sample size was informed by the Rao Soft sample size calculator, hence a total of (n = 90) socioeconomic groups were targeted for a semi-structured questionnaire. The semi-structured tool was complemented by 12 in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions. Primary data were systematised, cleaned and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V23. This was meant to probe and capture the benefits of CBPP and how it has strengthened the social capital of drought-prone communities in rural Matobo. Study results indicate improved inter- and intra-community networks post the CBPP processes in drought-prone Matobo as evidenced by the formation of community clubs, gender inclusive interventions and improved financial and material contributions towards community-driven projects. Furthermore, while women involvement is evident, their influence is less in productive livelihoods activities such as livestock rearing. Contribution: The CBPP process has shown that inclusive planning improves the identification of risks and strengthens collective actions towards design and implementation of resilience building strategies such as water harvesting and health centres.

'¡Eso no se dice'!: Exploring the value of communication distortions in participatory planning.

Plans and policies rely on knowledge about communities that is often made by actors outside of the community. Exclusion from the creation of knowledge is a function of exclusion from power. Marxists, feminist, decolonial and postmodernist theorists have documented how the knowledge of some subjects is disqualified based on their gender, race, socio-economic position or a range of other constructed differences. Often, several of these constructions intersect in one person's life, compounding their exclusion in ways that are both relational and structural (Crenshaw, 2017). Participatory planning approaches bring members of the community into contact with planning authorities in an effort to include their voices and interests in official plans. Essential to meaningful engagement in such a process is the participant's ability to turn their ideas into change through the exercise of their agency. When that potential for transformation is missing, participation is tokenistic at best and dangerous at worst (Cooke and Kothari, 2001, Hickey and Mohan, 2004; Forester, 2020). When planners ask people whose agency is restricted by institutional and cultural forms of subjugation to talk about issues that adversely impact them, but over which they have little control, we can create exposures to internal and external risks that we are ill-equipped to mitigate. How can planners work towards social transformation without shifting the burden of speaking truth to power onto community members? One of the ways in which power and knowledge are related is through the complicated process of communication. Reflecting on power and communication in planning practice, this paper contemplates the question: when working with communities that have been historically excluded from the creation of knowledge about themselves, should planners strive for undistorted communication or should the distortion in communication be analysed for what it can tell us about agency and power, and opportunities for resistance and transformation?

Beyond the big city: using a systems approach to cultivate a cycling culture in small cities and towns in Ireland.

Urban mobility and how people move in our towns and cities is garnering more attention, as solutions are sought to multiple challenges faced by residents; health and physical inactivity, climate change, air quality, urbanisation and accessibility. Traditional, siloed approaches limit impact and collaborative, systems approaches hold promise. However, systems approaches often remain theoretical and few practical applications of their added value have been demonstrated. This study illustrates how a systems approach can be used to underpin the development of a 9-step process to generate solutions for action on active mobility. The development of a systems map and a theory of change framework are key outputs of this 9-step process. The purpose of this paper is to describe how a systems map was developed in an Irish town utilising broad stakeholder engagement to map the variables that influence cycling in the town and to identify the leverage points for transformational interventions.

Landscape Change Scenarios: Developing Participatory Tools for Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change.

The impacts of climate change on people and ecosystems have been studied at both local and global levels. The environment is expected to change significantly, and the role of local communities in shaping more resilient landscapes is considered crucial. This research focuses on rural regions highly susceptible to climate change impacts. The objective was to enhance conditions for climate resilient development on a microlocal level by encouraging diverse stakeholders to participate in developing sustainable landscape management. This paper introduces a novel interdisciplinary mixed-method approach to landscape scenario development, combining research-driven and participatory approaches and integrating quantitative methods with qualitative ethnographic inquiry. Two scenarios for 2050 were built: a research-driven, business-as-usual scenario accounting for mandatory adaptation policies and an optimistic scenario combining research-driven and participatory approaches, including additional feasible community-based measures. While the differences between the projected land use seem to be relatively subtle, the optimistic scenario would in fact lead to a considerably more resilient landscape. The results highlight the role of interdisciplinarity and ethnography in gaining good local knowledge and building an atmosphere of trust. These factors supported the research credibility, strengthened the legitimacy of the intervention in local affairs, and contributed to the active participation of the stakeholders. We argue that despite its time, intense effort and limited direct policy impact, the mixed-method approach is highly suitable for the microlocal level. It encourages citizens to think about how their environment is threatened by climate change impacts and increases their willingness to contribute to climate resilience.

Navigating Health Equity Through Mobility Justice: Youth of Color Organizing for Transportation Equity in Our Backyards.

There is growing awareness that the built environment and transportation affect many aspects of individual and community well-being and health. Built environment and transportation planning and decision-making, however, rarely integrate robust engagement and input from youth, particularly racially/ethnically and economically diverse youth, despite the likelihood that such planning and decisions will affect their futures. Strategies are needed that prepare, engage, and ultimately empower youth in changing systems, processes, and programs that promote equitable mobility access and opportunity for youth now and in these futures. This article describes the development, implementation, actions, and impact of the Youth for Equitable Streets (YES) Fellowship program, through the perspective of the program participants, including the youth (the Fellows), program manager, and program evaluator, focusing on key factors for making this work youth-centered and oriented to successfully influence social change in transportation for mobility justice.

An application of the participatory approach to develop an integrated water resources management (IWRM) system for the drought-affected region of Bangladesh.

In many cases, poor management of water supplies is to blame for a crisis. Scholars and practitioners have proposed developing enhanced modalities of water governance that promote the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) to meet the interconnected problems of assuring access to sustainable water supplies for the world's populations. Therefore, this research aims to do two things: 1) evaluate the current status of water and related resources, and 2) create an operational decision-support system for the sustainable use of water resources based on integrated water resources management (IWRM). Beneficiaries are involved in all stages of the planning process, from the first brainstorming to the final evaluation. There hasn't been anything quite like these kinds of efforts before because they do not actively include community groups and government agencies in project design and money distribution. Matching water resources with various users (farmers, fisherman, women, and others) and their agriculture and fisheries development requirements was the focus of this study, which took an integrated participatory approach. Therefore, water management agencies are established through participatory water management. Beneficiaries realized that collective action results in the empowerment of all community members through capacity building and participatory water management. Because of this plan, agricultural progress in the area under consideration will proceed smoothly.

Between virtue and profession: Theorising the rise of professionalised public participation practitioners.

Participatory planning practice is changing in response to the rise of specially trained public participation practitioners who intersect with but are also distinct from planners. These practitioners are increasingly being professionalised through new standards of competence defined by their industry bodies. The implications of this are not well accounted for in empirical studies of participatory planning, nor in the theoretical literature that seeks to understand both the potential and problems of more deliberative approaches to urban decision-making. In this paper, we revisit the sociological literature on the professions and use it to critically interrogate an observed tension between the 'virtues' of public participation (justice, equity and democracy) and efforts to consolidate public participation practice into a distinct profession that interacts with but also sits outside of professional planning.

Participação social na elaboração dos planos municipais de saúde em capitais brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Social participation in the elaboration of municipal health plans in Brazilian capitals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Este trabalho objetiva analisar se o processo de construção dos planos municipais de saúde (PMS) 2022-2025 das 26 capitais brasileiras e do Distrito Federal (DF) previu a inclusão de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) para viabilizar a participação cidadã. Foram analisados 37 documentos publicados nos 27 sites das secretarias municipais de Saúde (SMS), à luz da concepção teórica do postulado da coerência, elaborado por Mario Testa para análise do processo de planejamento em saúde. Os resultados evidenciam que dez secretarias adotaram estratégias de mobilização da participação social remota na elaboração do PMS e somente nove disponibilizaram canais virtuais de consulta pública para definição de prioridades no contexto pandêmico. A partir dos documentos analisados, não se identificou a adoção de estratégias pelas SMS, como tendas virtuais, concessão de auxílio para acesso à internet, tablets, espaços para acessos itinerantes, entre outras, como forma de viabilizar e fomentar uma participação social mais abrangente em tempos de crise sanitária.

Abstract This objective work sets out to analyze whether the construction process of the 2022-2025 Municipal Health Plans (MHP) of the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District (FD) provided for the inclusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enable citizen participation. A total of 37 documents published on the 27 websites of the municipal health secretariats (MHS) were analyzed, in the light of the theoretical concept of the Postulate of coherence, elaborated by Mario Testa for analysis of the health planning process. The results show that ten secretariats adopted strategies to monitor remote social participation in the preparation of the MHP and only nine provided virtual channels for public consultation to define priorities in the context of the pandemic. From the documents analyzed, the adoption of MHS strategies was not identified, such as virtual tents, granting assistance for internet access, tablets, spaces for itinerant access, among others, as a way to enable and encourage broader social participation, in health crisis situations.

Planejamento participativo na assistência às mulheres vítimas de violência / Participatory planning in assisting women victims of violence / Planificación participativa en la asistencia a las mujeres víctimas de violencia

A violência contra a mulher apresenta-se como um fenômeno social complexo, conceituada como qualquer ato ou conduta que provoque morte, dano, sofrimento físico, sexual, psicológico, patrimonial e moral. O presente estudo objetivou identificar a produção científica acerca da correlação entre o planejamento participativo e a assistência às mulheres vítimas de violência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O processo de busca ocorreu nos bancos Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Scienc, LILACS, BDENF e SciELO, no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2023. O processamento e análise dos dados ocorreu mediante o uso do software IRAMUTEQ. Evidenciou-se que o planejamento participativo no âmbito da assistência a mulher vítima de violência engloba a ampla discussão de políticas públicas que fortaleçam o combate à violência e o cuidado integral às mulheres. Conclui-se que o planejamento participativo perpassa diversas esferas da problemática requer a participação ativa e comprometida de diversos atores sociais.

Violence against women is presented as a complex social phenomenon, conceptualized as any act or conduct that causes death, damage, physical, sexual, psychological, patrimonial and moral suffering. The present study aimed to identify the scientific production about the correlation between participatory planning and assistance to women victims of violence. This is an integrative literature review. The search process took place in the Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF and SciELO databases, from January to February 2023. Data processing and analysis took place using the IRAMUTEQ software. It was evident that participatory planning within the scope of assistance to women victims of violence encompasses the broad discussion of public policies that strengthen the fight against violence and comprehensive care for women. It is concluded that participatory planning permeates several spheres of the problem, requiring the active and committed participation of different social actors.

La violencia contra las mujeres es un fenómeno social complejo, conceptualizado como cualquier acto o conducta que cause muerte, daño, sufrimiento físico, sexual, psicológico, patrimonial o moral. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la producción científica sobre la correlación entre la planificación participativa y la asistencia a las mujeres víctimas de violencia. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora. El proceso de búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Scienc, LILACS, BDENF y SciELO entre enero y febrero de 2023. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Se evidenció que la planificación participativa en el campo de la atención a las mujeres víctimas de violencia abarca una amplia discusión sobre políticas públicas que fortalezcan la lucha contra la violencia y la atención integral a las mujeres. Se concluyó que la planeación participativa abarca diversas esferas de la problemática y requiere de la participación activa y comprometida de diversos actores sociales.

Regionally extended shared socioeconomic pathways for the offshore wind industry in Finland.

Offshore wind energy is increasingly becoming an important part of European and global low-emission power systems. The aims of this paper are to create a shared understanding on the major drivers of offshore wind development in Finland and to explore how these drivers, and opportunities for the entire industry, may develop over the twenty-first century, under different global futures. This research develops extended shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) narratives for the offshore wind industry by using a virtual participatory workshop with expert stakeholders. According to our results, the five key drivers shaping the prospects of offshore wind development are public acceptability of offshore energy, global and national demand for low-emission energy, technological development and relative competitiveness of offshore energy, availability of space and wind resources, and energy markets and transmission infrastructure. Nationally extended SSP narratives, building on these key drivers, describe a wide range of alternative future risks and opportunities for developing offshore energy. Under sustainable development (SSP1), offshore wind is likely to soon become a major source of energy in the area, if developed in a balanced manner alongside other uses of the marine space. Under fossil-fuelled development (SSP5), offshore wind grows slower and may experience rapid uptake only in the latter half of the century. Under the regional rivalry scenario (SSP3), the need for local energy sources drives the national energy policies and may create new opportunities for offshore wind. Under the inequality scenario (SSP4), local municipalities and the residents decide on locations of new wind turbines and the overall magnitude of future offshore wind. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40974-022-00252-7.

Planejamento estratégico de um programa de pós-graduação em rede: experiência de construção coletiva / Strategic planning of a network-based graduate health program: an experience of participatory planning / Planificación estratégica de un programa de posgrado en red: experiencia de construcción colectiva

Trata-se do relato da elaboração do plano estratégico 2021-2024 do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Família da Rede Nordeste de Formação em Saúde da Família. Desenvolvido em 2020, o plano visa ao fortalecimento do programa a partir do trabalho coletivo, que valoriza o conjunto e as especificidades. Três perguntas orientaram esta sistematização: Em que contexto aconteceu a experiência? Como se deu o percurso metodológico dos sujeitos, em rede formativa, fazendo o caminho ao caminhar? Como as três partes fundamentais de um plano são interligadas formando um todo? As narrativas expressam uma experiência participativa de planejamento. Esse caminho mobilizou a rede para uma ação educativa e estratégica, tornando vivos o respeito, a diversidade cultural e a cooperação. Considera-se o percurso efetivo, resultando em um documento que orientará o programa no quadriênio.(AU)

This article provides an account of the elaboration of the 2021-2024 strategic plan of the Graduate Program in Family Health offered by the Northeast Family Health Education Network. Developed in 2020, the plan aims to strengthen the Program by promoting collective working that emphasizes a holistic approach and specificities. The study was guided by three key questions: In what context did the experience take place? What was the methodological path taken by the subjects in the training network built as they went along? How are the three fundamental parts of a plan linked together to form a whole? The narratives express a participatory planning experience. This pathway mobilized the network around an educational and strategic action, bringing respect, cultural diversity and cooperation to life. The findings show that the pathway was effective, resulting in a guiding document for the program for the four-year period.(AU)

Es el relato de la elaboración del plan estratégico 2021-2024 del Programa de Posgrado en Salud de la Familia de la Red Nordeste de Formación en Salud de la Familia. Desarrollado en 2020, el plan tiene el objetivo de fortalecer el Programa a partir del trabajo colectivo, que valoriza el conjunto y las especificidades. Tres preguntas orientaron esta sistematización: ¿En qué contexto sucedió la experiencia? ¿Cómo se realizó la jornada metodológica de los sujetos, en red formativa, haciendo camino al andar? ¿Cómo las tres partes fundamentales de un plan se interconectan formando un todo? Las narrativas expresan una experiencia participativa de planificación. Ese camino movilizó la red hacia una acción educativa y estratégica, dando vida al respeto, la diversidad cultural y la cooperación. Se considera la jornada efectiva, resultado en un documento que orientará el Programa en el cuadrienio.(AU)

Exploring the potential for planning support systems to bridge the research-translation gap between public health and urban planning.

BACKGROUND: There is consensus that planning professionals need clearer guidance on the features that are likely to produce optimal community-wide health benefits. However, much of this evidence resides in academic literature and not in tools accessible to the diverse group of professionals shaping our cities. Incorporating health-related metrics into the planning support systems (PSS) provides an opportunity to apply empirical evidence on built environment relationships with health-related outcomes to inform real-world land use and transportation planning decisions. This paper explores the role of planning support systems (PSS) to facilitate the translation and application of health evidence into urban planning and design practices to create healthy, liveable communities. METHODS: A review of PSS software and a literature review of studies featuring a PSS modelling built environmental features and health impact assessment for designing and creating healthy urban areas was undertaken. Customising existing software, a health impact PSS (the Urban Health Check) was then piloted with a real-world planning application to evaluate the usefulness and benefits of a health impact PSS for demonstrating and communicating potential health impacts of design scenarios in planning practice. RESULTS: Eleven PSS software applications were identified, of which three were identified as having the capability to undertake health impact analyses. Three studies met the inclusion criteria of presenting a planning support system customised to support health impact assessment with health impacts modelled or estimated due to changes to the built environment. Evaluation results indicated the Urban Health Check PSS helped in four key areas: visualisation of how the neighbourhood would change in response to a proposed plan; understanding how a plan could benefit the community; Communicate and improve understanding health of planning and design decisions that positively impact health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of health-impact PSS have the potential to be transformative for the translation and application of health evidence into planning policy and practice, providing those responsible for the policy and practice of designing and creating our communities with access to quantifiable, evidence-based information about how their decisions might impact community health.

Pesquisa participante, representações sociais e psicossociologia: diálogos possíveis na escola / Investigación participativa, representaciones sociales y psicosociología: posibles diálogos en la escuela / Participant research, social representations and psychosociology: an important school dialogue

O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre a Pesquisa Participante como momento de construção de novas representações sociais em pesquisas no campo escolar. A inserção do pesquisador de modo não hierarquizado, a reflexão e a construção coletiva são premissas básicas que inserem esse modelo no rol da psicossociologia e se adaptam aos pressupostos inerentes à Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici e ao modelo participativo de pesquisa. Ao final dessa reflexão, será apresentada uma proposta de pesquisa unindo essas duas vertentes - Pesquisa Participante e Teoria das Representações Sociais. Serge Moscovici, Pedro Demo e Nasciutti foram os autores de referência usados para o delineamento do presente trabalho. Como resultado, mostra-se a perfeita adequação desses modelos e a relevância desse modo de fazer pesquisa para a construção de espaços mais democráticos no ambiente escolar, ou seja, espaços estes que propiciem a construção de identidades legitimadas socialmente.(AU)

This essay reflects on the the Participant Research as a moment of construction of new social representations in researches at school. The insertion of the researcher in a non hierarchical way, reflection and collective construction are basic premises that insert this model in the role of psychosociology and fit the assumptions inherent in the Theory of Social Representations of Moscovici and the participatory model of research. At the end of this reflection, a research proposal will be presented joining the Participant Research and Theory of Social Representations. Serge Moscovici, Pedro Demo and Nasciutti were the reference authors used for the design of the present work. As a result, it is shown the perfect adequacy of these models and the relevance of this way of doing research for the construction of more democratic spaces in the school environment, that propitiate the construction of socially legitimized identities.(AU)

El objetivo de este ensayo es reflexionar sobre la Investigación Participante como un momento para construir nuevas representaciones sociales en la investigación en el ámbito escolar. La inserción del investigador de forma no jerárquica, la reflexión y la construcción colectiva son premisas básicas que sitúan a este modelo en el rol de psicosociología y se adaptan a los supuestos inherentes a la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales de Moscovici y al modelo de investigación participativa. Al final de esta reflexión, se presentará una propuesta de investigación que une estas dos vertientes: Investigación participante y Teoría de las representaciones sociales. Serge Moscovici, Pedro Demo y Nasciutti fueron los autores de referencia utilizados para delinear este trabajo. Como resultado, muestra la perfecta adecuación de estos modelos y la relevancia de esta forma de hacer investigación para la construcción de espacios más democráticos en el ámbito escolar, es decir, espacios que favorezcan la construcción de identidades socialmente legitimadas.(AU)

Use of Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation in Rural Patient Engagement.

Comprehensive participatory planning and evaluation (CPPE), a model used in community engagement research, has not been applied to patient engagement in research. We describe our methodology and interim results using CPPE in a project focused on improving research engagement of rural and distant patients and stakeholders. Specifically, we describe our development of a causal map and the subsequent use of the map to guide patient and stakeholder-driven evaluation.

Experiences With Health Care Services in Switzerland Among Immigrant Women With Chronic Illnesses.

Introduction: Descriptive data indicate a high burden of chronic illness among immigrant women in Switzerland. Little is known about how immigrant women with chronic illnesses experience healthcare services. This paper presents a methodological approach theoretically informed by Sen's capability approach and Levesque's framework of access to healthcare to study patient-reported experiences (PREs) of Swiss healthcare services among immigrant women with chronic conditions. Methods: We conducted 48 semi-structured qualitative interviews in Bern and Geneva with Turkish (n = 12), Portuguese (n = 12), German (n = 12), and Swiss (n = 12) women. Participants were heterogenous in age, length of stay, SES, and educational attainment, illness types and history. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with healthcare and social service providers (n = 12). Interviewed women participated in two focus group discussions (n = 15). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Atlas.ti software, based on Gale et al.'s framework approach. Findings informed three stakeholder dialogues in which women as well as healthcare providers and policymakers from various territorial levels participated. Results: Our methodological approach succeeded in integrating women's perspectives-from initial data collection in interviews to identify issues, focus group discussions to increase rigor, and stakeholder dialogues to develop tailored recommendations based on PREs. Discussion: This is one of the first studies in Switzerland that used PREs to research healthcare services and healthcare needs among immigrant women with chronic illnesses. This paper provides new insights on how to better understand existing challenges and potentially improve access to and quality of care.

"Movement-enhancing footpaths" - A natural experiment on street design and physical activity in children in a deprived district of Leipzig, Germany.

Despite the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA), only 26% of children in Germany meet the WHO's recommendations. Because active play contributes to PA and is accepted by families, the creation of "playable" environments could promote PA. This study is a natural experiment that was conducted to investigate whether slight changes in the physical environment can increase PA in children. In autumn 2016, 140 students from two primary schools located in a deprived district of Leipzig (Germany) gathered ideas on PA-promoting street designs. After protracted negotiations with the city administration, two footpaths were decorated with colored markings (hopscotch grids, labyrinths, "mirror me") in September 2019. 48 observations were made before (August 2019) and after (September/October 2019) the implementation using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC). Age, gender, activity level, bike use, and interactions with the colored markings were recorded. A total of 5455 individuals (including 1099 cyclists) were observed. Almost one fifth of the observed children (0 to 12 years) interacted with the markings. There was a slight increase in vigorous activity in all observed individuals after the implementation (2.9% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.001). The chance for vigorous activity was higher on decorated footpaths (OR 2.45, CI 1.54-3.89, p < 0.001), for children (OR 19.32, CI 13.07-28.56, p < 0.001), and on Sundays (OR 3.39, CI 2.33-4.94, p < 0.001). The participatory development and design of footpaths that support spontaneous active play "on the way" might be one component that can be used to support changes in children's PA behaviors and social interactions.

Using an Integrated Conceptual Framework to Clarify Health Problems and Assess A Community Health Planning Process: A Mid-Western USA Case Study.

Within a case study design, this paper clarifies community problems, and assesses a Community Health Improvement Plan development process using a framework of explanatory models and change theories that links the macro social model, the materialistic model, social cognitive theory, theory of fundamental causes, and community organizing theory. Properties of demographic and health status artifacts are consistent with the core constructs in both the macro social and the materialistic models. The constructs in social cognitive theory and the theory of fundamental causes seem to influence program strategies even as socio-economic factors were only minimally addressed. At the organizing level, the Plan excelled in locality development and social planning but was short on social action. The findings suggest a need for social action as a model of practice in solving persistent social and health problems, and for research that investigates if social action practice can predict success in resolving these problems.

Community-based adaptation to climate change in villages of Western Province, Solomon Islands.

People, local cultures and the environments they live in are complex and dynamic social-ecological systems that have evolved together over time and are continually affected by a myriad of factors, including climate and global changes. Escalating climate and global changes present an imminent threat to Pacific communities, particularly for food security, livelihoods, health and safety, cultural identity and biodiversity conservation. A participatory community-based climate change adaptation planning process was used to engage with communities on Rendova Island in Western Province, Solomon Islands to identify local adaptation priorities. The methodology recognized that local community members are the managers of the resources they use daily, have direct knowledge of the status of key local resources and have direct influence over ongoing resource governance. The study focused on two objectives: (1) identifying community priorities and documenting them in adaptation plans intended for local implementation, and (2) evaluating whether community adaptation priorities addressed key vulnerabilities identified independently using a semi-quantitative vulnerability assessment. The adaptation priorities identified by the communities encompassed: governance, leadership and planning; farming and livestock; sustainable livelihoods; natural resource management; and youth capacity building. The community adaptation priorities were found to address the key climate change vulnerabilities identified in the semi-quantitative assessment and also addressed additional drivers of social vulnerability and adaptive capacity. This finding reiterates the importance of fully inclusive and participatory vulnerability assessments and community-identification of adaptation priorities coupled with scientific climate projections to comprehensively assess the complexity of social-ecological systems. The climate change adaptation priorities have informed ongoing local actions and are intended to be used by communities, government and NGOs to focus local effort, funding and project development. A review of the suitability of the adaptation priorities by similar villages on neighbouring islands would determine the utility of scaling-up and applying these adaptations to other rural communities in the Solomon Islands, and possibly more widely in other Pacific communities.