Characterization of macrophage polarization in lesions of dogs inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (BH401) strain

The aim of this work was to describe the anatomical pathology of dogs experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum strain MCAN / BR / 2002 / BH401, a Brazilian form of L. infantum isolated from a symptomatic dog from an endemic area. For this, five beagles (three months old and both sexes) composed the experimental group. Markers of macrophage subpopulations M1 and M2 (related to resistance and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis) and the tissue cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) (one of the main cytokines related to the fibrosis process and anti-inflammatory action) were evaluated in livers, lungs and kidneys. The BH 401 L. infantum strain induced classical lesions of the visceral disease where all evaluated organs showed a chronic inflammatory reaction and tissue parasitism associated with a higher expression of CD163 and TGF-ß1 markers, might be related to the progression of the disease. In this work it was possible to conclude that the BH 401 strain reproduces canine visceral leishmaniasis that occurs naturally.(AU)

Autopsias y su importancia en fallecidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "Juan Manuel Márquez'' (1990-2015) / Autopsies and their importance in patients deceased at "Juan Manuel Márquez'' Pediatric University Hospital (1990-2015)

Introducción: La autopsia es un método que garantiza el estudio más completo del enfermo y la enfermedad y brinda información útil para salvar vidas humanas. Objetivo: Mostrar los principales datos demográficos y administrativos, las causas más frecuentes de muerte y la evaluación de los diagnósticos clínicos en fallecidos en un hospital pediátrico. Métodos: Con la ayuda de un Sistema Automatizado de Registro y Control de Anatomía Patológica, se registraron los datos necesarios de 994 autopsias clínicas pediátricas de 1 830 fallecidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Juan Manuel Márquez entre 1990 y 2015. Resultados: El índice de autopsias fue 71,0 por ciento, predominó el sexo masculino y el grupo de menores de un año. Las principales causas básicas de muerte fueron los tumores malignos de encéfalo, las leucemias linfoides y sus complicaciones fueron las principales causas directas e intermedias de muerte. La discrepancia diagnóstica pre- y posmortem entre causas básica de muerte fue de 19,1 por ciento y entre causa directa y causa intermedia, de 29,6 por ciento. La infección, cáncer y daño multiorgánico constituyeron los grupos de trastorno de mayor trascendencia que influyeron en la causa básica y directa de muerte. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la importancia de la autopsia para confirmar diagnósticos, evaluar la calidad del trabajo médico, entender mejor las causas de muerte y la existencia de una buena comunicación entre médico y patólogo. Una vez más se documenta la utilidad del sistema automatizado utilizado, que permite obtener toda la información computarizada y analizar con precisión las discrepancias diagnósticas(AU)

Introduction: Autopsy is a method that guarantees the most complete study of the patient and the disease, and provides useful information to save human lives. Objective: To show the main demographic and administrative data, the most frequent causes of death and the assessment to clinical diagnoses of deceased in a pediatric hospital. Methods: With the help of an Automated System for the Registration and Control of Pathological Anatomy (SARCAP, by its acronym in Spanish), the main demographic and administrative data in 994 pediatric clinical autopsies of 1 830 patients who died between 1990 and 2015 at Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric Hospital were recorded. Results: The autopsies rate was 71.0 percent, the male sex prevailed and the group of children under one year. The main causes of death were malignant encephalon tumors, and lymphoid leukemias with complications were the main direct and intermediate causes of death. The pre-and post-mortem diagnostic discrepancy in basic causes of death was of 19.1 percent, and between direct cause of death and intermediate cause of death it was of 29.6 percent. Infection, cancer and multiple organ damage constituted the most important disorder's groups that influenced the basic cause of death and direct cause of death. Conclusions: Autopsy is useful to confirm diagnosis, evaluate the quality of medical work, better understand the causes of death in children, and the existence of a good communication among the physician and the pathologist. It is demonstrated one more time the usefulness of SARCAP, which allows to collect all the computerized data information and to analyze with precision the diagnostic discrepancies(AU)

Perfuração esofágica associada a corpo estranho em cão / Esophageal perforation associated with a foreign body in a dog

Background: The esophagus is a tubular organ that connects the laryngopharynx to the stomach. This organ has three pointsof narrowing: the thoracic inlet, the base of the heart, and the diaphragmatic hiatus; these are common sites of obstructionby foreign bodies. Clinical signs of esophageal obstructions include sialorrhea, dysphagia, regurgitation, dehydration, anddepression. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination, anamnesis, and complementary imaging. The treatment requiresthe removal of the foreign body. Herein, we report a case of esophageal perforation associated with a foreign body in aSpitz German treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco.Case: A 2-year-old female German Spitz was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HV-UFRPE); she presented with recurrent drooling and emesis. According to the instructor, approximatelyfive days after a party at the residence, the animal began to exhibit clinical signs. She was examined at a veterinary clinic,where she remained hospitalized for three days, without clinical improvement. She was then taken to the HV-UFRPE forfurther assessment. Upon physical examination, sialorrhea, hypercormed conjunctival mucosa, hyperthermia (41ºC), andregurgitation were observed. Imaging tests (simple radiography and ultrasonography), blood count, and a serum biochemistry panel (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin) were requested.The radiographic examination revealed a pulmonary interstitial pattern and pleural effusion. Analysis of the thoracic fluidyielded results consistent with a septic exudate. No significant changes were observed on total abdominal ultrasonography.The hemogram showed thrombocytosis, leukocytosis with absolute neutrophilia, as well as relative and absolute monocytosis. Esophagoscopy was offered...(AU)

Perfuração esofágica associada a corpo estranho em cão / Esophageal perforation associated with a foreign body in a dog

Background: The esophagus is a tubular organ that connects the laryngopharynx to the stomach. This organ has three pointsof narrowing: the thoracic inlet, the base of the heart, and the diaphragmatic hiatus; these are common sites of obstructionby foreign bodies. Clinical signs of esophageal obstructions include sialorrhea, dysphagia, regurgitation, dehydration, anddepression. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination, anamnesis, and complementary imaging. The treatment requiresthe removal of the foreign body. Herein, we report a case of esophageal perforation associated with a foreign body in aSpitz German treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco.Case: A 2-year-old female German Spitz was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HV-UFRPE); she presented with recurrent drooling and emesis. According to the instructor, approximatelyfive days after a party at the residence, the animal began to exhibit clinical signs. She was examined at a veterinary clinic,where she remained hospitalized for three days, without clinical improvement. She was then taken to the HV-UFRPE forfurther assessment. Upon physical examination, sialorrhea, hypercormed conjunctival mucosa, hyperthermia (41ºC), andregurgitation were observed. Imaging tests (simple radiography and ultrasonography), blood count, and a serum biochemistry panel (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin) were requested.The radiographic examination revealed a pulmonary interstitial pattern and pleural effusion. Analysis of the thoracic fluidyielded results consistent with a septic exudate. No significant changes were observed on total abdominal ultrasonography.The hemogram showed thrombocytosis, leukocytosis with absolute neutrophilia, as well as relative and absolute monocytosis. Esophagoscopy was offered...

Los orígenes de la Sociedad de Anatomía Normal y Patológica de Chile / The origins of the Society of Normal and Pathological Anatomy of Chile

Desde los inicios, anatomistas y patólogos se unen en el año 1938 creando la Sociedad de Anatomía Normal y Patológica, con el fin de estimular sus investigaciones, buscar relacionarse tempranamente con morfólogos del resto de América y potenciar sus publicaciones en los Archivos Chilenos de Morfología. Es así como morfólogos chilenos provenientes de las principales Universidades del país participan por primera vez en Congresos y Jornadas tanto nacionales como internacionales. Quizás el trabajo en común con los cadáveres fue un punto fundamental en sus inicios, más el avance de los conocimientos en cada una de estas disciplinas y diferencias políticas posteriores serían dos hechos que explicarían que se separasen posteriormente en el año 1970. Sería por tanto, el primer esfuerzo de reunirse en torno a una Sociedad de Morfólogos en Chile, la base para la futura Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía.

From the beginnings, anatomists and pathologists are united in the year 1938 creating the Society of Normal and Pathological AnatomyChilean in order to stimulate their investigations, seek to relate early with morphologists of the rest of America and to promote their publications in the Chilean Archives of Morphology. This is how Chilean morphologists participate for the first time in national and international congresses and conferences from the main universities in the country. Perhaps the work in common with the corpses was a fundamental point in its beginnings, more, the advance of the knowledge in each of these disciplines and later political differences would be two facts that would explain that they separated later in the year 1970. It would be therefore The first effort to gather around a Society of morphologists in Chile, would be the basis for the future Chilean Society of Anatomy.

Necesidad de un sistema informático de registro y control en Anatomía Patológica para la red hospitalaria en Cuba / Need for registration and control software in Pathology for the hospital network in Cuba

El análisis de los resultados de la autopsia genera múltiples beneficios mayormente orientados a mejorar la calidad del trabajo médico. Su máximo aprovechamiento se sustenta en la gestión eficiente de la información generada, factible con la incorporación de las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC). El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los principales Sistemas de Información en Anatomía Patológica (SIAP) existentes en la actualidad para la identificación de las tendencias y tecnologías más usadas. La investigación arrojó que Cuba posee uno de los índices de autopsias más elevados del mundo, sin embargo el sistema en explotación en los departamentos de Anatomía Patológica no favorece el análisis de los indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad, otros SIAP no se adaptan a las condiciones de la red hospitalaria cubana. Finalmente se sientan las bases para el desarrollo de sistemas informáticos en el ámbito de la Anatomía Patológica incorporando buenas prácticas y tendencias actuales en el desarrollo de este tipo de software, siendo referente necesario el Sistema Automatizado de Registro y Control en Anatomía Patológica (SARCAP)(AU)

Autopsy results analysis generates multiple benefits mostly aimed at improving the quality of medical work. Its ultimate exploitation is based on an efficient information management, feasible with the incorporation of new technologies of information and communications. This paper aims to analyze the main Information Systems Pathology (SIAP) exist today for identifying trends and technologies used. The investigation shows that Cuba has one of the highest rates in the world autopsies, but the system in operation in the Departments of Pathology does not favor the analysis of mortality and morbidity indicators, other SIAP not adapted to conditions Cuban hospital network. Finally this study is the base for developing information systems aimed at Pathologic Anatomy incorporating good practices and current trends in developing this kind of software, reference being required Automated Registration and Control System in Pathology (SARCAP)(AU)

Necesidad de un sistema informático de registro y control en Anatomía Patológica para la red hospitalaria en Cuba / Need for registration and control software in Pathology for the hospital network in Cuba

El análisis de los resultados de la autopsia genera múltiples beneficios mayormente orientados a mejorar la calidad del trabajo médico. Su máximo aprovechamiento se sustenta en la gestión eficiente de la información generada, factible con la incorporación de las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC). El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los principales Sistemas de Información en Anatomía Patológica (SIAP) existentes en la actualidad para la identificación de las tendencias y tecnologías más usadas. La investigación arrojó que Cuba posee uno de los índices de autopsias más elevados del mundo, sin embargo el sistema en explotación en los departamentos de Anatomía Patológica no favorece el análisis de los indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad, otros SIAP no se adaptan a las condiciones de la red hospitalaria cubana. Finalmente se sientan las bases para el desarrollo de sistemas informáticos en el ámbito de la Anatomía Patológica incorporando buenas prácticas y tendencias actuales en el desarrollo de este tipo de software, siendo referente necesario el Sistema Automatizado de Registro y Control en Anatomía Patológica (SARCAP)(AU)

Autopsy results analysis generates multiple benefits mostly aimed at improving the quality of medical work. Its ultimate exploitation is based on an efficient information management, feasible with the incorporation of new technologies of information and communications. This paper aims to analyze the main Information Systems Pathology (SIAP) exist today for identifying trends and technologies used. The investigation shows that Cuba has one of the highest rates in the world autopsies, but the system in operation in the Departments of Pathology does not favor the analysis of mortality and morbidity indicators, other SIAP not adapted to conditions Cuban hospital network. Finally this study is the base for developing information systems aimed at Pathologic Anatomy incorporating good practices and current trends in developing this kind of software, reference being required Automated Registration and Control System in Pathology (SARCAP)(AU)

Understanding the morphology of the specialized conduction tissues in congenitally malformed hearts.

To repair congenital heart defects by means of open heart surgery, the surgeon needs guidance about the location and distribution of the specialized conduction tissues, in order to avoid their direct damage and consequent conduction disturbances. This review addresses the historical steps of the morphological study of the conduction system in different types of heart defects, providing updated information about the subject.

The anatomy of transposition.

The basic morphology of transposition of the great arteries is described, together with a discussion of anatomic variables of surgical significance including the spectrum of variation of coronary artery anatomy and associated lesions.

Pathological anatomy study of a hemorrahagic disease in four (4) pigs

Hay muchas enfermedades con hemorragias difusas que ocurren en cerdos alrededor del mundo. Estas pueden ser de origen viral como el Cólera Porcino (C P) conocido como Fiebre Porcina Clásica ( F P C) o Peste Porcina Clásica (P P C), producido por un Pestivirus (ARN) del grupo Togavirus, de la familia Flaviviridae; o también la Peste Porcina Africana (P P A) producida por un Iridovirus y la cual de acuerdo a la literatura no ha sido diagnosticada en Venezuela. Entre las de origen bacteriano están la Salmonelosis y Erisipelosis porcina, siendo ésta última poco frecuente en Venezuela. Los cambios hemorrágicos observados en los cerdos bajo estudio son muy similares a aquellos que ocurren en la F P C caracterizada ésta, por afectar varios órganos vitales e induciendo una alta tasa de mortalidad. La F C P cursa en forma aguda con hemorragias generalizadas, alta morbilidad y mortalidad o en forma crónica con signos clínicos y lesiones mínimas o ausentes. El agente etiológico de F P C tiene un efecto letal en animales infectados de forma natural y en animales postvacunados induce lesiones letales, que aunque más suaves producen una alta mortalidad, debido a factores de la vacuna o al estatus inmunológico del cerdo...

Many diseases occur in pigs causing widespread hemorrhages around the world. Among them are viral or bacterial such as, Classical Swine Fever (C S F) which is produced by a Pestivirus (RNA), Togavirus group of the Flaviviridae family, besides African Swine Fever (ASF) produced by an Iridovirus and which has not been diagnosed in Venezuela, according to the literature. Among bacterial diseases are Salmonellosis and Erysipellosis, being the latter uncommon in Venezuela. In this paper, the morphological aspects of a hemorrhagic disease in four pigs are described. The reported lesions are not too dissimilar to those occurring in cases of C S F, which is characterized by affecting many vital organs, producing death in many pigs. C S F often follows an acute course characterized by generalized hemorrhages, with high morbidity and mortality, but it may be chronic, in that case clinical signs and lesions are often minimal or absent. The disease in naturally infected pigs produces lethal lesions causing death in many unvaccinated animals as well as in vaccinated pigs. The gross and microscopic changes of a hemorrhagic systemic disease in four (4) cases under study are reported from two naturally infected unvaccinated pigs and two postvaccinated animals against C S F. Pathologic changes are correlated with clinical signs and the most relevant morphological gross changes and histopathology are reported from naturally infected unvaccinated and postvaccinated pigs. The hemorrhagic lesions reported in vital organs highly resemble and are very similar to those morphologic changes occurring in C S F, although, other hemorrhagic viral or bacterial diseases induced a more severe and different pattern in lesions though being hemorrhagic. Despite lab tests (Elisa) were not determined in this work, they must be ruled out to show the etiological agent of C S F in spite of the typical and very similar morphological changes reported in this paper.

Raça e hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo na ausência de hipertensäo e de doenças cardiopulmonares / Race and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Absence of Hypertension and Cardiopulmonar Diseases

PURPOSE--To analyze the association between black people and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the absence of hypertension and/or other cardiopulmonar disease. METHODS--Data were collected from necropsies carried out in the Anatomopathologic Service (APS). Hospital Edgard Santos from 1970 to 1986, Salvador. It were included only subjects at ages > or = 20 years and free of hypertension and any cardiopulmonar disease. A LV wall > 1.6cm was considered as LVH (standardized criteria of the APS). Controls variables were age, sex, and absence of the mentioned diseases. It was used a case-control epidemiological study design and the association measured by ®odds ratio® (OR) for no matched case-control study. RESULTS--From the 208 subjects studied, 48 (23.1 per cent) had LVH. There was no difference in the frequency of right ventricular hypertrophy between cases and controls (p > 0.05). The mean of heart weight was higher for LVH cases (p < 0.001), but there was no evidence of association between blacks and LVH (OR = 1.05, p > 0.05 and confidence interval at 95 per cent = 0.8, 1.31. The highest odds possible for the association in this study (assuming that all 3 LVH losses were black subjects) would be 1.5, also no statistically significant. CONCLUSION--In the absence of hypertension and other cardiopulmonar diseases, LHV is common in necropsies in Salvador, Brazil, with similar frequencies in blacks, whites and mullatos and seems not be a risk factor for hypertension in black people