The Efficacy of Voice Therapy via Hybrid Group Telepractice Program with Asynchronous Components for Primary School Teachers: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of a hybrid group telepractice program in voice therapy for primary school teachers. METHOD: The participants, consisting of 12 teachers with voice disorders (three males and nine females), participated in 11 sessions of the telepractice program, divided into one training session on vocal hygiene, five practice sessions by themselves, and five group practice sessions in 5weeks. Data on the vocal handicap index (VHI) measure was obtained pre- and post-intervention. The voice analysis included fundamental frequency (local), jitter (local), shimmer (local), harmonic-to-noise ratio (local), and maximum phonation time assessed by Praat software. RESULT: The VHI assessment revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the emotional domain. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in physical, functional, and total scores. Both males and females had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in mean fundamental frequency. However, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in jitter (local), shimmer (local), harmonics-to-noise ratio (local), and the maximum phonation time. CONCLUSION: The group telepractice program in voice therapy for primary school teachers was effective. It could be utilized for voice therapy to prevent voice disorder problems in teachers.

Evaluating Patients' Health Literacy to Improve Thyroid Pathology Reports.

INTRODUCTION: As our growing population demonstrates a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, so does patient access to their medical records. Poor health literacy and understanding of disease severity, underscores the importance of effective and accessible patient-doctor communication. No previous studies on patient understanding of thyroid pathology reports exist; therefore, we sought to characterize health literacy in this population. METHODS: Using a modified Delphi technique, a 12-question multiple-choice survey regarding common pathology terms with possible definitions for each term was synthesized and administered to patients in a high-volume endocrine surgery clinic. Survey results, patient demographics, history of prior thyroid procedure (biopsy or surgery), and self-reported health literacy were collected. Data analysis included t tests, chi-squared, and multivariable linear regression using R. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 54 patients (response rate: 69.8%). On univariate analysis, White race, previous thyroid procedure, and at least a high school level education were all more likely to score higher on the survey than their counterparts (P < 0.05). On multivariable logistic regression for predicting a higher survey score, only race (est: 2.48 [95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.96]) and higher educational attainment (est: 3.98 [95% confidence interval: 2.32-5.64]) remained predictive (P < 0.05). The remaining demographic groups (age, health literacy confidence, and previous thyroid procedure) did not show a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, terms on a thyroid pathology report are poorly understood by patients. This is exacerbated by non-White race and low educational attainment. There is a need for patient-facing pathology education.

Pathology skills lab: use of macroscopic tumor models in pathology teaching.

BACKGROUND: The shortage of pathologists in Germany, coupled with an aging workforce, requires innovative approaches to attract medical students to the field. Medical education must address different learning styles to ensure that all students are successful. METHODS: The pilot project "Practical Pathology" aims to enhance students' understanding of pathology by providing hands-on experience in macroscopic gross analysis through the use of tumor dummies built from scratch. RESULTS: An evaluation survey, completed by 63 participating students provided positive feedback on the course methodology, its relevance to understanding the pathology workflow, and its improvement over traditional teaching methods. The majority of students recognized the importance of hands-on training in medical education. Students with previous work experience rated the impact of the course on knowledge acquisition even more positively. CONCLUSION: The course improved students' understanding of pathological processes and potential sources of clinical-pathological misunderstanding. An increase in motivation for a potential career in the field of pathology was observed in a minority of students, although this exceeded the percentage of pathologists in the total medical workforce.

The confidence and competence of speech language pathologists in augmentative and alternative communication: a scoping review.

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is a core component of speech pathology practice. However, international literature has highlighted that speech language pathologists (SLPs) may not feel confident or competent in this area. Confidence and competence are critical factors in therapy as they can impact the quality-of-service provision. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the confidence/competence of SLPs in AAC. A systematic scoping search was conducted using four databases to identify relevant literature. The first two authors reviewed 30% of abstracts and the remaining 70% were reviewed by the first author. Full-text screening applied the same review approach. Data was then extracted and organized according to the research questions. Thirteen studies were included in the review. All thirteen used self-assessment to measure confidence or competence with one study also using an objective evaluation. Overall, confidence and competence levels varied based on the specific clinical task and etiology of the client in addition to being influenced by prior training, clinician age, workplace and AAC caseload. While current research provides a snapshot of the SLP workforce, it is limited in that the research predominantly uses self-assessment measures, is cross-sectional and is quantitative in nature. Further research into the confidence and competence of SLPs in AAC is required, specifically how confidence and competence can be defined and developed.

[Artificial intelligence in pathological anatomy]. / Iskusstvennyi intellekt v patologicheskoi anatomii.

The review presents key concepts and global developments in the field of artificial intelligence used in pathological anatomy. The work examines two types of artificial intelligence (AI): weak and strong ones. A review of experimental algorithms using both deep machine learning and computer vision technologies to work with WSI images of preparations, diagnose and make a prognosis for various malignant neoplasms is carried out. It has been established that weak artificial intelligence at this stage of development of computer (digital) pathological anatomy shows significantly better results in speeding up and refining diagnostic procedures than strong artificial intelligence having signs of general intelligence. The article also discusses three options for the further development of AI assistants for pathologists based on the technologies of large language models (strong AI) ChatGPT (PathAsst), Flan-PaLM2 and LIMA. As a result of the analysis of the literature, key problems in the field were identified: the equipment of pathology institutions, the lack of experts in training neural networks, the lack of strict criteria for the clinical viability of AI diagnostic technologies.

Genomic testing and targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer in China: a nationwide survey of physicians and clinical pathologists.

BACKGROUND: Genomic diagnostic testing is necessary to guide optimal treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The proportion of NSCLC patients whose treatment was selected based on genomic testing is still unknown in many countries or needs further improvement. This survey aimed to assess perception of genomic testing and targeted therapy for NSCLC in clinical pathologists and physicians across China. METHODS: The web-based survey was conducted with 150 clinical pathologists and 450 physicians from oncology, respiratory and thoracic surgery departments from May to September 2020, across 135 cities in China. The participants had >5 years of clinical experience in genomic testing, diagnosis or treatment of NSCLC. RESULTS: Clinical pathologists reported capability of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS-1) testing as 95.3%, 94.7%, and 84.7%, respectively, but only 81.9%, 75.5%, and 65.6% of physicians believed that the pathology department of the hospital is capable of performing the testing. The proportions of sending out specimens for testing were 21.0% and 49.7% as reported from clinical pathologists and physicians, respectively. Testing for EGFR mutation was recommended by physicians most often, followed by ALK and ROS-1 rearrangement. As first-line treatment, among the newly diagnosed patients with EGFR mutation, 77% received tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy (49% treated with gefitinib); among patients with ALK rearrangement, 71% received TKI (64% treated with crizotinib); among patients with ROS-1 fusion, 65% received TKI (88% treated with crizotinib). CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of the non-tertiary hospital pathology departments' detection capabilities and the physicians' awareness are needed for enhancing the rate of genomic testing and targeted therapy in NSCLC patients in China.

Concordance between pathologists and between specimen types in detection of HER2-low breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry.

CONTEXT: Recent clinical trials indicate that HER2-targeted therapy may benefit HER2-low breast cancer patients including HER2 score 1+ or 2+ and no gene amplification. Concordance between pathologists and between core biopsy and surgical excision in establishing HER2-low status was evaluated. DESIGN: 57 patients with HER2 negative breast cancer (IHC 0, 1+, or 2+, no gene amplification) by core biopsy were included. Core biopsy and representative tumor from corresponding surgical excision was immunostained for HER2. Original HER2 IHC scores were interpreted using 2018 guidelines. Three pathologists independently interpreted again under 2023 guidelines. Kappa statistic evaluated agreement of HER2 IHC scores. RESULTS: Applying 2023 guidelines, HER2 IHC scores were concordant among study pathologists in 46 of 57 (81 %) core biopsy and 50 of 57 (88 %) surgical resections. Kappa statistics were 0.78 and 0.85 (substantial agreement), for inter-pathologist agreement of core biopsy and surgical resections under 2023 guidelines; 0.55 (moderate agreement) for agreement between first interpretation by 2018 guidelines and second interpretation by 2023 guidelines; and 0.13 (slight agreement) for agreement in HER2 consensus scores between outside core and surgical resection and 0.49 (moderate agreement) for inside core and surgical resection. Low HER2 expression was found in 28 of 57 (49 %) core biopsy and in 25 of 57 (44 %) surgical excisions. CONCLUSIONS: Interobserver agreement among study pathologists was good in core biopsy and surgical excisions, applying updated 2023 guidelines. Intratumoral heterogeneity in protein expression and preanalytical factors may result in variable identification of HER2-low status in core biopsy and surgical excision specimens.

Treatment approaches to Motor Speech Disorders: A step towards Evidence Based Practice.

Motor Speech Disorders is an umbrella term for a set of separate dysfunctions of speech outcome associated with neurological disorders. Motor speech disorders (MSD) are classified as Speech Motor delay (SMD), Childhood dysarthria (CD), Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS), and Concurrent CD and CAS. The incidence and prevalence of MSD in population is uncertain. A research gap exists, making evidence-based practice questionable as regards intervention for MSD and is an area of research. Hence, current narrative review was conducted to review and highlight treatment of MSD since evidence-based treatment approach may benefit patient even years after a brain lesion. To achieve this objective literature search was conducted using search engines and data bases including google, google scholar, web of science & PubMed from 1998 to 2023 with keywords "motor speech disorder, dysarthria, apraxia, speech motor delay and combinations of these words with English language and no other limitations. Our search revealed 170 articles, news, publications of which 34 were used for review (Fig.1).

The dark side of being a pathologist: Unravelling the health hazards.

Background: Pathologists are indispensable to the practice of medicine. Awareness of health hazards among pathologists is a crucial aspect of today's time. Numerous occupational health risks are prevalent which are mostly ignored; for example, the association of microscope use for prolonged durations leading to the development of chronic pain syndromes has been acknowledged for nearly three decades, yet most pathologists are unaware about this hazard until after it transforms into a chronic health issue. The purpose of this study is to learn its prevalence in working pathologists, make them aware of the risks, discuss and encourage them to proactively integrate strategies which are preventive in nature into their daily routine lives. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the level of risk, knowledge, awareness and biosafety measures taken by the pathologists in their routine daily work life. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a developing country, Northern India, using a standard online 50-item questionnaire enquiring about routine practices. 450 participants were enrolled consisting of 360 pathologists and 90 residents of pathology. Results: Among the 450 enrolled study participants, 84.8% complained of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), with the neck being the commonest location of pain. Furthermore, 74.8% reported visual refractive errors, among which myopia took the highest place. Work injuries were reported in 60% of participants. Intolerance reactions to chemicals especially formaldehyde was observed in 63.1%. Depression and burnout were reported in 42%. Conclusions: Although knowledge seems to be near adequate, there is a lack of implementation and a noticeable risk of health hazards namely musculoskeletal problems, injuries, visual disorders, and ergonomic issues in routine daily activities of pathologists.

The Puzzle of Preimplantation Kidney Biopsy Decision-Making Process: The Pathologist Perspective.

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease since it offers the greatest survival benefit compared to dialysis. The gap between the number of renal transplants performed and the number of patients awaiting renal transplants leads to a steadily increasing pressure on the scientific community. Kidney preimplantation biopsy is used as a component of the evaluation of organ quality before acceptance for transplantation. However, the reliability and predictive value of biopsy data are controversial. Most of the previously proposed predictive models were not associated with graft survival, but what has to be reaffirmed is that histologic examination of kidney tissue can provide an objective window on the state of the organ that cannot be deduced from clinical records and renal functional studies. The balance of evidence indicates that reliable decisions about donor suitability must be made based on the overall picture. This work discusses recent trends that can reduce diagnostic timing and variability among players in the decision-making process that lead to kidney transplants, from the pathologist's perspective.

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Occurring Suddenly in a Diabetic Patient With Asthma Exacerbation.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by bleeding into the alveolar spaces of the lungs. DAH can occur due to a wide range of etiologies including autoimmune diseases, infections, drugs, and malignancies. The clinical presentation is variable and may include cough, dyspnea, fever, and hemoptysis. Diagnosis is often challenging due to the nonspecific symptoms and a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria. Treatment is primarily aimed at addressing the underlying cause and providing supportive care.

Enhancing mitosis quantification and detection in meningiomas with computational digital pathology.

Mitosis is a critical criterion for meningioma grading. However, pathologists' assessment of mitoses is subject to significant inter-observer variation due to challenges in locating mitosis hotspots and accurately detecting mitotic figures. To address this issue, we leverage digital pathology and propose a computational strategy to enhance pathologists' mitosis assessment. The strategy has two components: (1) A depth-first search algorithm that quantifies the mathematically maximum mitotic count in 10 consecutive high-power fields, which can enhance the preciseness, especially in cases with borderline mitotic count. (2) Implementing a collaborative sphere to group a set of pathologists to detect mitoses under each high-power field, which can mitigate subjective random errors in mitosis detection originating from individual detection errors. By depth-first search algorithm (1) , we analyzed 19 meningioma slides and discovered that the proposed algorithm upgraded two borderline cases verified at consensus conferences. This improvement is attributed to the algorithm's ability to quantify the mitotic count more comprehensively compared to other conventional methods of counting mitoses. In implementing a collaborative sphere (2) , we evaluated the correctness of mitosis detection from grouped pathologists and/or pathology residents, where each member of the group annotated a set of 48 high-power field images for mitotic figures independently. We report that groups with sizes of three can achieve an average precision of 0.897 and sensitivity of 0.699 in mitosis detection, which is higher than an average pathologist in this study (precision: 0.750, sensitivity: 0.667). The proposed computational strategy can be integrated with artificial intelligence workflow, which envisions the future of achieving a rapid and robust mitosis assessment by interactive assisting algorithms that can ultimately benefit patient management.

Resident training in interventional pathology: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and rapid on site evaluation-5 years of teaching experience in a single university hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the established role of the interventional pathologist, their diagnostic performance is difficult to establish. At least in Spain training of pathology residents in ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for specimen collection is limited or absent in most institutions. We present our teaching experience in the instruction of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to pathology residents in a tertiary-level hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The training of pathology residents who rotated through the interventional unit of the pathology department and the application of ultrasound-guided FNA and rapid on-site evaluation (U-ROSE) was documented over 5 years. The training period was broken down into learning phases and included the number of ultrasound-guided FNA performed, anatomical location, and their diagnostic performance, among other aspects. RESULTS: Nineteen (19) pathology residents were trained in U-ROSE, and performed a total of 4003 procedures, with a mean of 211 per resident. In 53% of cases only one pass was required for an adequated sample. The specimen was diagnostic in more than 97% of cases. The most frequently sampled anatomical sites were the thyroid gland (n = 2347), followed by lymph node (n = 667), soft tissues (n = 663) and salivary glands (n = 322). CONCLUSION: The results support the training programme followed by pathology residents in learning U-ROSE, which is essential to lay the foundations for the future interventional pathologist.

Artificial Intelligence in pathology: current applications, limitations, and future directions.

PURPOSE: Given AI's recent success in computer vision applications, majority of pathologists anticipate that it will be able to assist them with a variety of digital pathology activities. Massive improvements in deep learning have enabled a synergy between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning, enabling image-based diagnosis against the backdrop of digital pathology. AI-based solutions are being developed to eliminate errors and save pathologists time. AIMS: In this paper, we will discuss the components that went into the use of Artificial Intelligence in Pathology, its use in the medical profession, the obstacles and constraints that it encounters, and the future possibilities of AI in the medical field. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these factors, we elaborate upon the use of AI in medical pathology and provide future recommendations for its successful implementation in this field.

Artificial intelligence in the practice of forensic medicine: a scoping review.

Forensic medicine is a thriving application field for artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, AI applications intended to forensic pathologists or forensic physicians have emerged since the last decade. For example, AI models were developed to help estimate the biological age of migrants or human remains. However, the uses of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians and their levels of integration in medicolegal practices are not well described yet. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This review included articles that mention any AI application used by forensic pathologists or physicians in practice or any AI model applied in one expertise field of the forensic pathologist or physician. Articles in other languages than English or French or dealing mainly with complementary analyses handled by experts who are not forensic pathologists or physicians or with AI to analyze data for research purposes in forensic medicine were excluded from this review. All the relevant information was retrieved in each article from a grid analysis derived and adapted from the TRIPOD checklist. This review included 35 articles and revealed that AI applications are developed in thanatology and in clinical forensic medicine. However, those applications seem to mainly remain in research and development stages. Indeed, the use of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians is not actual due to issues discussed in this article. Finally, the integration of AI in daily medicolegal practice involves not only forensic pathologists or physicians but also legal professionals.

Colorimetric Scale for Skin of Color: A Practical Classification Scale for the Clinical Assessment, Dermatology Management, and Forensic Evaluation of Individuals With Skin of Color.

Skin of color refers to individuals whose skin color ranges from very light beige to very dark brown. Anthropologists and sociologists have previously recognized the importance of an objective classification of skin color for individuals with skin of color that does not include race and ethnicity. Since 1975, dermatologists have used the Fitzpatrick classification of sun-reactive skin types to categorize patients with skin of color; this classification was established for psoriasis patients participating in using oral methoxsalen and phototherapy clinical trial to determine the initial ultraviolet A dose. The Fitzpatrick classification merely classifies individuals as white, brown, and black; the individuals with white skin are further divided into four groups based on their burning or tanning capacity. This classification system does not provide reliable information with regard to the risk of skin cancer for individuals with darker skin color and does not aid in the evaluation of medical conditions with cutaneous involvement or assessment of appropriate cosmetic interventions for aesthetic management. Many clinicians, including forensic pathologists, incorporate the patient's race or ethnicity in their medical evaluation to describe the individual's skin color. Established scales for skin of color either include white skin color, or include 10 or more color types, or include both. We introduce a simple and rapidly performed scale that is not based on race or ethnicity to categorize persons with skin of color. The colorimetric scale ranges from very light beige to very dark brown and does not include white skin. The scale has five colors ranging from lightest (skin color type 1) to darkest (skin color type 5): very light beige (skin color type 1), light brown (skin color type 2), medium brown (skin color type 3), dark brown (skin color type 4), and very dark brown (skin color type 5); an individual with white skin would have a skin color type 0 in this classification of patient skin color. In conclusion, a scale that is not based on race or ethnicity is useful for categorizing individuals with skin of color not only for sociologists but also for clinicians who treat these patients. This colorimetric scale will be helpful for dermatologists to categorize persons with skin of color to predict their risk for developing skin cancer and to assessing appropriate cosmetic procedures and devices for these patients. In addition, the colorimetric scale will be useful for not only forensic pathologists but also other clinicians to provide a non-racial and non-ethnic designation of skin color type for their patients.

Self-reported Vocal symptoms among speech language pathologists dealing with children with hearing impairment and cerebral palsy.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ripah International University, Lahore, Pakistan from January to April, 2022 to evaluate and compare the Self-Reported Vocal symptoms among Speech Language Pathologists (SLP) practicing with children having Hearing Impairment (HI) and Cerebral Palsy (CP). The sample included 141 participants of both genders, aged 25 to 60 years, practicing with children with hearing impairment and cerebral palsy for at least one year. Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS) and Voice Activity Participation Profile (VAPP) were utilised for data collection which was analysed using SPSS Ver-23. The study revealed no significant association of self-perceived vocal symptoms for SLPs catering to CP and HI children with p=0.303 and p=0.412 for VTDS and VAPP scores respectively and with higher mean scores for SLPs catering to CP children. Results revealed a total VTDS score of 40.26±13.10 with highest score for dryness, while highest VAPP mean score was noted for daily communication (53.82±23.20). Hence, there is no significant association of the speciality being catered to, while dryness is the commonest self-perceived symptom.

Evaluating Geographic Access to Interdisciplinary Laryngology and Speech-Language Pathology Clinic Models in the Southeast Region of the United States.

OBJECTIVE: An interdisciplinary model of care for the evaluation and treatment of voice, swallowing, and upper airway disorders with laryngologists and specialized speech-language pathologists is known to increase revenue, attendance to visits, patient adherence, and most importantly, improve patient outcomes. Individuals who live outside of areas with high population density often have reduced geographic access to this specialized care. The primary aim of this study is to identify the percentage of the population that has an "extended drive time" to access an interdisciplinary clinic in the Southeast region of the United States. STUDY DESIGN: NA. METHODS: Interdisciplinary laryngology and speech-language pathology clinics were identified via publicly accessible information including an internet search and state department of public health databases. Included clinics had at least one full-time fellowship-trained laryngologist and at least one full-time speech-language pathologist on staff. Descriptive statistics and visual representation of the results were achieved with the use of Smappen, a location intelligence online platform, to identify the percent of the population with a drive time greater than 1 hour. RESULTS: 47.24% of the Southeast population of the United States must drive over 1 hour to access an interdisciplinary clinic. Visual representations of these data are included and generated by Smappen. CONCLUSIONS: While close geographic proximity does not ensure access to care, it can increase the likelihood that healthcare services will be used. This study identified the population in the Southeast region of the United States with extended drive time to interdisciplinary voice and swallowing centers due to their geographic distance from these centers. The results from this study support the need for increased geographic access to specialty care clinics, specifically voice, swallowing, and upper airway care, and provide insight into potential sites for interdisciplinary centers based on population density in areas that are underserved.

Utilising collaborative learning strategies with children who use AAC: A pilot online training program for speech-language pathologists.

PURPOSE: Children who utilise augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) have difficulty participating in interactions with peers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) lack training in the development of activities to specifically target participation. The purpose of the current study was to explore a pilot online training program designed to provide information about the development of collaborative learning (CL) activities to support participation. METHOD: A single-subject, multiple baseline across six participants in an initial group and a replication group was completed to assess the number of CL elements included in probe responses during baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases. RESULT: SLPs were highly accurate in their ability to answer multiple choice questions about CL elements (80%-90%); however, the overall effect of the intervention was weak with a Tau-U of 0.48 for the initial group and 0.53 for the replication group. CONCLUSION: SLPs can begin to develop skills in designing CL activities for children who utilise AAC as a means to support participation and foster social interaction. Future research is necessary to design efficient and effective online training for SLPs.

One nodule-one punction-one slide: Optimizing thyroid fine-needle aspiration for a digital workflow.

OBJECTIVE: Interventional pathologists have expanded their expertise by acquiring proficiency in ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and are now required to optimize punction procedures due to low resources and digital workflows. The aim of this study is to compare FNAB sample adequacy in two series with one versus two slides available for cytopathological analysis and its influence on diagnosis categorization, time taken to reach a final diagnosis, scanning time and size of the digital files produced. METHODS: Patients were retrospectively selected based on the sampling of thyroid nodules using either two glass slides (two-slide group) or one slide only (one-slide group) and cytological diagnosis was performed using the second edition of the Bethesda system. For each group, the initial 15 cases were sorted to be scanned. RESULTS: From a total of 713 procedures, 328 were sampled into two slides and 385 on one slide only. No significant differences were found regarding nodule size, location or EU-TIRADS classification between the two groups. The one-slide group did not exhibit a higher prevalence of non-diagnostic or atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) categories. As expected, the mean time taken to finalize diagnoses in cases where only one slide was prepared was 1.2 days faster. Scanning time and total file size were also significantly smaller in the one-slide group. CONCLUSIONS: Adopting the 'one nodule-one puncture-one slide' strategy for thyroid FNAB optimization enhances procedural efficiency in digital workflows, leading to cost savings without compromising diagnostic accuracy.