Estimation of salivary malondialdehyde Levels in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis-A cross sectional clinico biochemical study / Estimación de los niveles de malondialdehído salival en masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica: un estudio bioquímico clínico transversal

ABSTRACT: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in males studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to measure lipid peroxidation (as an end product of oxidative stress) end product i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in saliva of patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and to assess the influence of smokeless tobacco on Salivary Malondialdehyde (S-MDA). Total 30 patients with gingivitis, 30 with chronic periodontitis and 30 Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded followed by stimulated Saliva sample collection. Salivary MDA Levels were assessed by UV Spectrophotometry. There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary MDA levels in gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis when compared with healthy group. Higher salivary MDA levels in gingivitis group, chronic periodontitis, and smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis reflects increasedoxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.

RESUMEN: A pesar de los efectos reportados del tabaco sin humo (TS) sobre el periodonto y la alta prevalencia del uso de TS en poblaciones rurales y en hombres, los estudios sobre este tema específico son limitados. El propósito de esta investigación transversal fue medir el producto final de la peroxidación lipídica (como producto final del estrés oxidativo), es decir, malondialdehído (MDA) en la saliva de pacientes con gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y evaluar la influencia del tabaco sin humo en el malondialdehído salival (S-MDA). Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 30 pacientes con gingivitis, 30 con periodontitis crónica y 30 masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica y 30 sujetos periodontalmente sanos. Se registraron el índice de placa (PI), el índice gingival (GI), la profundidad de la bolsa de sondeo (PD) y la pérdida de adherencia clínica (CAL), seguidos de la recogida de muestras de saliva estimuladas. Los niveles de MDA en saliva se evaluaron mediante espectrofotometría UV. Hubo un aumento estadísticamente significativo en los niveles de MDA en saliva en gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y en masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica en comparación con el grupo sano. Los niveles más altos de MDA en saliva en el grupo de gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica reflejan un aumento de la actividad de los radicales de oxígeno durante la inflamación periodontal.

Prevalence of chronic periodontitis in peritoneal dialysis patients and its correlation with dialysis adequacy / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of chronic periodontitis (CP) in the peritoneal dialysis patients based on a single-center population, and explore the correlation between the severity of CP and the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. Methods: A total of 57 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis in the Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from December 2018 to December 2019 were included in the study. Baseline data, indicators of dialysis adequacy, including Kt/V, creatinine clearance rate, etc., and other related biochemical indicators were collected, and at the same time the CP-related indicators including clinical attachment loss, gingival index and probing depth were collected. The indicators of dialysis adequacy or their control rates of the patients with different severity of CP were compared. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to explore the correlation between CP-related indexes and the indicators of dialysis adequacy. Results: All the patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis included in this study have moderate to severe CP. The prevalence of moderate CP was 24.6%, and the prevalence of severe CP was 75.4%. The proportion of moderate to severe anemia in the severe CP group was higher than that in the moderate CP group (28.0% vs 14.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Between the moderate and severe CP group, there was no statistical difference in the indicators of dialysis adequacy and their control rates (P>0.05). And there was no correlation between CP-related indexes and the indicators of dialysis adequacy as well (P>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of moderate to severe CP is very high in the peritoneal dialysis patients, in whom those with severe CP may have a tendency to develop moderate to severe anemia. There is no correlation between the severity of CP and dialysis adequacy.

Association of - 757T > C polymorphism of C-reactive protein gene with chronic periodontitis of South Indian population.

OBJECTIVE: CRP gene polymorphism is common in inflammatory diseases, but such association has not been reported in periodontitis. Our objective was to interrogate SNPs of crp in chronic periodontitis in a case-control manner. METHODS: DNAs were extracted from mouthwash samples of 116 volunteers using salting-out method. Selected 12 5'UTR SNPs of crp were genotyped using ARMS-PCR. RESULTS: TC genotype of - 757T > C polymorphism (rs3093059) showed protective association (OR- 0.29, 95%CI-0.12-0.68, and p-0.004), and wild type - 757TT showed susceptible association with a p value of 0.008 (OR-3.09, 95%CI-1.33-7.15). CONCLUSION: The observation of protective and susceptible association of crp - 757T > C polymorphism may be useful for better management and prophylaxis of periodontitis.

A Novel Systemic Indicator of Periodontal Tissue Damage: Ischemia Modified Albumin.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a systemic indicator of inflammatory diseases and is suggested as an oxidative stress marker. OBJECTIVE: To determine the IMA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) serum levels for patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and to evaluate the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum IMA and hsCRP levels. METHODS: Twenty one systemically healthy patients with CP and 15 systemically and periodontally healthy controls (C) were enrolled in the study. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and attachment loss (AL) were recorded at the time of diagnosis and 6 weeks after the nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Blood samples were obtained before and after treatment from all groups, and serum IMA and hsCRP levels were evaluated by ELISA method. RESULTS: All of the clinical findings were found to be elevated in the CP group in comparison to C group (p<0.05). Levels of IMA and hsCRP were higher in the CP group (p<0.05) and decreased after non-surgical periodontal therapy (p<0.05). Positive correlations were determined between PPD, BOP and hsCRP (p<0.05) as well as between PPD, AL, BOP and IMA levels (p<0.01) before treatment. A significant positive correlation was also observed between hsCRP and IMA (p<0.01) before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: IMA is a marker indicating systemic inflammation during periodontal disease, and is significantly reduced as a result of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Therefore, IMA might be suggested as a useful indicator of periodontal disease.

The association between interleukin-28B gene polymorphisms as a potential biomarker and the risk of chronic Periodontitis in an Iranian population.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory disease affects supporting tissues of the teeth and can lead to tooth loss. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between polymorphisms in the IL-28B gene and chronic periodontitis in an Iranian population. METHODS: Two hundred and ten CP patients and one hundred healthy subjects were enrolled in the present case-control study. The rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs were identified using RFLP and T-ARMS-PCR methods respectively. RESULTS: SNP analysis revealed that the G allele of rs8099917 SNP and T allele of rs12979860 SNP increased susceptibility to CP compared to the A allele and C allele (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.712, CI = 1.783-4.126; p < 0.0001, OR = 2.538, CI = 1.784-3.613 respectively). In addition, the CT/GT, TT/GG and TT/GT haplotypes were predominant in CP patients and significantly associated with the increased risk of CP. CONCLUSION: IL-28B polymorphisms may be useful predictive factors for chronic periodontitis and correlated to the susceptibility to CP infection in our population.

The expression of Sema3a/Nrp1 signal axis in the periodontal tissue with chronic periodontitis and it's role in bone destruction / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To explore the role of Semaphorins 3A(Sema 3A) and its receptor Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) in the development of chronic periodontitis of rats and clinical samples.Methods:20 SD rats were divided into 2 groups.Rats in the experimental group were induced into chronic periodontitis models.Rats in control group were not treated.After 8 weeks,maxilla of all the rats were collected for micro-CT scanning and IHC staining.The distance from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest(CEJ-ABC) and the IOD of Sema3A/Nrp1 positive staining in rats were analyzed.20 clinical samples of chronic periodontitis(n =10) and normal periodontal tissues (n =10) were collected for immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analysis.Results:The CEJ-ABC distance of chronic periodontitis group was higher than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The IOD of Sema3A/Nrp1 in experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05) and with a negative correlation with bone loss (P ＜ 0.05).Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of Sema3a/Nrpl in clinical samples with chronic periodontitis was also lower than that of the healthy subjects(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The reduced Sema3A/Nrp1 plays an important role in the development of bone destruction in chronic periodontitis.

The impact of initial periodontal therapy on the peripheral blood MMP-3 and IFN-γ levels in patients with oral lichen planus and chronic periodontitis / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the significance of periodontal treatment on the levels of MMP-3 and IFN-γin the serum of patients with oral lichen planus(OLP) and chronic periodontitis(CP) before and after treatment.Methods:60 patients with erosion OLP and CP were divided into 2 groups randomly (n =30).The patients in experimental group received basic periodontal treatment combined with drug therapy,those in control group received drug therapy only.Before and after treatment the periodontal indexes of PD,AL,BI and PLI were measured in the experimental group,the levels of MMP-3 and IFN-γ in serum were tested by ELISA in the 2 groups,the differences of the data between 2 groups were statistically analysed.Results:After treatment the periodontol indexes were decreased in the experimental group(P ＜ 0.05),the serum MMP-3 and IFN-γ levels were lower than those before treatment in 2 groups(P＜0.05),and the decline of MMP-3 and IFN-γ in experimental group was more obvious than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Periodontal initial therapy has positive influence on the treatment of OLP and can reduce the level of inflammation.

The adiponectin level in gingival crevicular fluid in patients of chronic periodontitis with diabetes mellitus type 2 / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To examine the adiponectin level in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)in patients of chronic periodontitis with dia-betes mellitus type 2.Methods:20 patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 with chronic periodontitis(DM&CP),20 of periodontitis(CP) and 20 health subjects(H)were included.The periodontal indexes (SBI,PLI,PD and AL)were measured,GCF samples were quan-tified by periotron 8000,the adiponectin content in GCF was tested by adiponectin ELISA kit.The relationship between the adiponectin level in GCF and the periodontal indexes of the DM&CP patients was analyzed statistically.Results:The adiponectin level in GCF in group DM&CP was significantly lower than that in the other 2 groups(P 0.05).Conclusion:Decrease of adiponectin in GCF may play a role in the development of DM&CP.

The correlation between chronic periodontitis and IL-6 and IL-17 expression in serum and saliva of Kazak and Han subjects / 实用口腔医学杂志

IL-6 and IL-17 levels in saliva and serum were measured by ELISA in 116 cases of chronic periodontitis(CP)in Mulei district of Xinjiang,including 62 cases of Han and 54 of Kazak.Health controls included 50 subjects of Han and 45 of Kazak.IL-6 and IL-17 levels in serum and saliva were higher in CP groups than in the controls(P <0.05),and correlated with the severity of CP(P <0.05),in Kazak CP group were higher than in Han CP group(P <0.05).