T1 invasive lung adenocarcinoma: Thin-section CT solid score and histological periostin expression predict tumor recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and various biomarkers for predicting its prognosis after surgical resection have been suggested, particularly in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Periostin (also referred to as POSTN, PN or osteoblast-specific factor) is an extracellular matrix protein, the expression of which is associated with tumor invasiveness in patients with NSCLC. In the present study, the novel approach, in which the thin-section CT findings prior to surgical resection and periostin expression of resected specimens were analyzed in combination, was undertaken to assess whether the findings could be a biomarker for predicting the outcomes following resection of T1 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 73 patients who underwent surgical resection between January 2000 and December 2009 were enrolled. A total of seven parameters were assessed in the thin-section CT scans: i) Contour; ii) part-solid ground-glass nodule or solid nodule; iii) percentage of solid component (the CT solid score); iv) presence of air-bronchogram and/or bubble-like lucencies; v) number of involved vessels; vi) shape linear strands between the nodule and the visceral pleura; and vii) number of linear strands between the nodule and the visceral pleura. Two chest radiologists independently assessed the parameters. Periostin expression was evaluated on the basis of the strength and extent of staining. Univariate and multivariate analyses were subsequently performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. There was a substantial to almost perfect agreement between the two observers with regard to classification of the seven thin-section CT parameters (κ=0.64-0.85). In the univariate analysis, a CT solid score >80%, pathological lymphatic invasion, tumor and lymph node status and high periostin expression were significantly associated with recurrence (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a CT solid score >80% and high periostin expression were risk factors for recurrence (P=0.002 and P=0.011, respectively). The cumulative recurrence rates among the three groups (both negative, CT solid score >80% or high periostin expression, or both positive) were significantly different (log-rank test, P<0.001). Although the solid component is already known to be a major predictor of outcome in lung adenocarcinomas according to previous studies, the combined analysis of CT solid score and periostin expression might predict the likelihood of tumor recurrence more precisely.

The Structure of the Periostin Gene, Its Transcriptional Control and Alternative Splicing, and Protein Expression.

Although many studies have described the role of periostin in various diseases, the functions of periostin derived from alternative splicing and proteinase cleavage at its C-terminus remain unknown. Further experiments investigating the periostin structures that are relevant to diseases are essential for an in-depth understanding of their functions, which would accelerate their clinical applications by establishing new approaches for curing intractable diseases. Furthermore, this understanding would enhance our knowledge of novel functions of periostin related to stemness and response to mechanical stress .

Study on the association between the expression of periostin protein and the occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To study the association between the expression of periostin and the occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in synovial fluid.Methods The expression level of periostin in the synovial fluid of healthy people and patients with different stages of OA was tested.Furthermore,60 surgical-induced OA rat model were divided into two groups,the sham operation group had only implemented slit suture,and the OA model group had one side anterior cruciate ligament transected.The expression of periostin in intra-articular injection samples were analyzed at 1,2,4,8,12 week.Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) were performed after surgery at 4,8,12 week on the surgery knee.Gross morphologic lesions on the tibial plateau in rats were visualized by India ink staining,toluidine blue staining,cartilage permeation test.The synovium were visualized by HE staining and periostin were detected by immunohistoc hemistry.The measurement data were compared by one factor analysis of variance test.Results The expression of periostin in cartilage was lower in late-stage OA than the one from normal and early-stage OA (F=13.95,P＜0.01).The FMT showed that there was no obvious change in the extent of chronic inflammation in the sham operation group,and the chronic inflammatory degree of the OA model group gradually increased as time went on.Toluidine blue staining and cartilage permeation test showed that the cartilage degeneration in rat model of OA became more and more serious with time.There was no stastically significant difference of the periostin in control groutp at different time stage (F=0.67,P=0.53).The periostin in the intra-articular increased at first and then decreased with the development of OA (F=11.0,P＜0.05).HE staining of synovial tissue showed that the degree of synovial hyperplasia was consistent with the degree of degeneration of joints.With the extension of time,the expression of periostin in synovial tissue increased gradually.Conclusion The expression of periostin in human synovial fluid is low in normal knee joint,increases in early and middle stages,and decreases in late stage.The rat model indicates that the expression of periostin increases first and then decreases with the development of OA,but the expression in synovium increases gradually with the development of OA.The increased expression of periostin in synovial fluid may serve as an early diagnostic marker for OA and downregulation of the periostin may be a start marker for the late OA.

Patients with Gastric Cancer Tissue and Serum Periostin Expression and Its Significance / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To detect patients with cancer of the stomach cancer tissue and serum Periostin protein expression of the situation,the preliminary explore its clinical significance.Methods Selected 60 cases of our hospital diagnosed as gastric carcinoma patients with carcinoma tissue samples,tissue adjacent to carcinoma specimens and serum,and choose 60 cases of healthy check-up serum specimens at the same time.Classified all patients according to clinical classification factors,inclu-ding age,sex,TNM stage,degree of infiltration,lymph node metastasis and pathological grading,immunohistochemical meth-od determination of Periostin in gastric cancer and adjacent tissue protein expression,enzyme-linked immunoassay detection in patients with gastric cancer patients and normal serum Periostin protein content.Results The method of ELISA to detect gastric cancer patients serum Periostin protein level was 46.76.4 ng/ml,and healthy crowd Periostin protein levels was 23.1 ±4.5 ng/ml,statistically significant difference (t= 7.34,P<0.05).Immunohistochemical methods showed that Periostin in patients with cancer of the stomach cancer tissue protein positive rate was (73.2±5.4)%,positive rate of (33.4±6.5)%in the tissue adjacent to carcinoma,statistically significant difference (t=8.52,P<0.05).Ⅲ~Ⅳ period patients serum Periostin protein level was 64.9±6.3 ng/ml,Ⅰ~Ⅱ period patients serum Periostin protein level was 41.6±4.1 ng/ml, statistically significant difference (t=9.17,P< 0.05).Periostin protein inⅢ~Ⅳ positive rate was 67.8% in patients with carcinoma tissue,Ⅰ~ phase Ⅱ positive rate was 52.9%,statistically significant difference (t=9.64,P<0.05).According to infiltrate the classification:T3,T4 patients serum Periostin protein level was 61.9±6.6 ng/ml,T1 and T2 patients serum Periostin protein level was 44.6±3.7 ng/ml,statistically significant difference (t=8.24,P<0.05).Periostin protein in T3 and T4 positive rate was 6 6.2% in patients with carcinoma tissue,T1 and T2 positive rate was 5 1.4%,statistically signifi-cant difference (t=7.58,P<0.05).Lymph node metastasis patients serum Periostin protein level was 65.2±4.3 ng/ml, without metastasis in patients with serum Periostin protein level was 42.6±3.2 ng/ml,statistically significant difference (t=7.63,P<0.05).Periostin protein in the tissue of carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis group positive rate was 60.8%,no transfer of positive rate was 37.5%,statistically significant difference (t=8.56,P<0.05).Conclusion Periostin protein expression in patients with gastric cancer tissue and serum was significantly higher than that of healthy people,and to a certain extent is proportional to the illness,Periostin protein is a predictable stomach occurrence,lesion degree of poten-tial biological indicators.

Prognostic Value of Preoperative Serum Levels of Periostin (PN) in Early Breast Cancer (BCa).

PN is a secreted cell adhesion protein critical for carcinogenesis. Elevated serum levels of PN have been implicated as playing an important role in different types of cancer, and a few reports suggest a potential role as a prognostic marker. We evaluated the prognostic significance of preoperative serum PN concentration in patients with BCa receiving curative surgery. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the preoperative serum PN level in 182 patients. The correlations between serum PN concentration with clinical pathological features and PN expression in primary tumor samples were analyzed. The prognostic impact of serum PN levels with all-cause and BCa-specific mortality was also investigated. Appropriate statistics were used. Elevated serum PN levels were significantly associated with patient age (p = 0.005), adjuvant systemic therapy (p = 0.04) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status (p = 0.02). No correlation between PN preoperative serum levels and other clinical-pathological parameters, including either the epithelial or the stromal PN expression of primary tumor or the combination of the two, was found. Similarly, no association between serum PN levels and either all-cause or BCa-specific mortality was found. However, subgroup analysis revealed a correlation between higher PN serum levels and all-cause mortality in patients with node-negative disease (p = 0.05) and in those with a low PgR expression (p = 0.03). Higher levels of serum PN were also found to correlate with BCa-specific mortality in the subgroup of patients who did not receive any adjuvant systemic therapy (p = 0.04). Our findings suggest that PN was detectable in the serum of early BCa patients before surgery and increased base-line serum levels predicted worse long-term survival outcomes in specific subgroups of patients.

Roles of periostin in symptom manifestation and airway remodeling in a murine model of allergic rhinitis.

PURPOSE: Periostin was originally identified as a secreted factor during screening of a mouse osteoblastic library. In a recent study, periostin was found to directly regulate eosinophil accumulation in allergic mucosal inflammation. Chronic eosinophilic inflammation is related to the development of remodeling. The present study examined the expression of periostin and evaluated its role in the inflammatory process and remodeling associated with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: A murine model of allergic rhinitis was established in periostin knockout mice. We analyzed the expression of periostin, manifestation of nasal symptoms, eosinophilic inflammation, and subepithelial fibrosis as well as the expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and type 1 collagen in nasal tissue. RESULTS: Periostin was mainly distributed in the subepithelial tissue of the nasal mucosa. The subepithelial tissue was thinner in the knockout group than in the control group. No differences in the expression of MMP-2 or TIMP-1 were found in the knockout group. However, after a month of allergen challenge, type I collagen in the nasal tissue was lower in the knockout group than in the control group. The number of eosinophils and the symptom score were also lower in the knockout group. CONCLUSIONS: Periostin is expressed in nasal tissues of murine models of allergic rhinitis. Periostin deficiency may affect the remodeling of nasal tissue with reduced subepithelial fibrosis, and lead to less eosinophilic inflammation.

Roles of Periostin in Symptom Manifestation and Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model of Allergic Rhinitis

PURPOSE: Periostin was originally identified as a secreted factor during screening of a mouse osteoblastic library. In a recent study, periostin was found to directly regulate eosinophil accumulation in allergic mucosal inflammation. Chronic eosinophilic inflammation is related to the development of remodeling. The present study examined the expression of periostin and evaluated its role in the inflammatory process and remodeling associated with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: A murine model of allergic rhinitis was established in periostin knockout mice. We analyzed the expression of periostin, manifestation of nasal symptoms, eosinophilic inflammation, and subepithelial fibrosis as well as the expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and type 1 collagen in nasal tissue. RESULTS: Periostin was mainly distributed in the subepithelial tissue of the nasal mucosa. The subepithelial tissue was thinner in the knockout group than in the control group. No differences in the expression of MMP-2 or TIMP-1 were found in the knockout group. However, after a month of allergen challenge, type I collagen in the nasal tissue was lower in the knockout group than in the control group. The number of eosinophils and the symptom score were also lower in the knockout group. CONCLUSIONS: Periostin is expressed in nasal tissues of murine models of allergic rhinitis. Periostin deficiency may affect the remodeling of nasal tissue with reduced subepithelial fibrosis, and lead to less eosinophilic inflammation.