A Foreign Body in the Cephalic Vein: Broken Piece of Intravenous Cannula.

Peripheral intravenous cannulation is a routine in the medical field with the rarity of complications in expert hands. However, at times, complications arise including the fracture of the cannula inside the vein, which is a rare but potentially serious complication with the possibility of pulmonary embolism. We have reported a case of a broken piece of a cannula in the cephalic vein removed with the help of a Fogarty catheter with the emphasis on preoperative imaging studies to localize it and use of a tourniquet to avoid distal migration during retrieval. There are varied reports about the conservative vs operative approaches for foreign bodies in vasculature. It should be removed in the first place where expertise allow so that the rare but potentially serious complications can be avoided.

Ultrasound-Guided Out-of-Plane Versus In-Plane Radial Artery Cannulation in Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to compare the rate of first-pass radial arterial cannulation using out-of-plane ultrasound guidance with in-plane imaging. The secondary endpoints were a comparison of the number of times the cannula was redirected, the number of attempts, the number of skin punctures, the incidence of hematoma, the time to completion of the cannulation procedure, and the number of failed attempts between the 2 ultrasound imaging techniques. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, observational study. SETTING: A tertiary cardiac care center. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Radial artery cannulation with ultrasound guidance. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-four adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to the out-of-plane ultrasound group (group I, n = 42) or the in-plane ultrasound group (group II, n = 42) for left radial artery cannulation. A linear ultrasound probe was used to identify the radial artery. In each approach, the number of times first-pass success was achieved, the number of times the cannula was redirected, the number of skin punctures, the incidence of hematomas, and the number of failed attempts were recorded. The first-pass success rate was greater in the in-plane ultrasound group and was statistically significant (p = 0.007). In the out-of-plane ultrasound group, a larger number of patients needed redirection of the cannula (p = 0.002). The number of patients in whom the skin needed to be punctured more than once was greater in the out-of-plane ultrasound group compared with the in-plane ultrasound group (p = 0.002). The incidence of hematoma formation and time to completion of the technique were similar in both groups (p = 0.241 and p = 0.792, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In-plane ultrasound guidance appeared to be superior for achieving a higher first-pass success rate more often with minimal redirections and skin punctures compared with out-of-plane ultrasound guidance.

Acute Hand Ischemia and Digital Amputation After Transradial Coronary Intervention in a Patient With CREST Syndrome.

The radial artery approach for coronary angiography and intervention is rapidly replacing the femoral artery approach, largely because it reduces bleeding and vascular access site complications. However, complications associated with transradial access warrant attention, notably radial artery occlusion. This report focuses on a case of radial artery occlusion after percutaneous coronary intervention in a 46-year-old woman with CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) syndrome, which ultimately led to acute hand ischemia necessitating amputation of her middle and index fingers.

Peripheral intravenous catheter dressing and securement practice is associated with site complications and suboptimal dressing integrity: A secondary analysis of 40,637 catheters.

BACKGROUND: With over 2 billion peripheral intravenous catheters used globally each year, avoiding complications is crucial for patients and healthcare organisations. Effective catheter dressing and securement is a key nursing strategy to reduce catheter failure and resultant patient harm. OBJECTIVES: To describe global catheter dressing and securement practices and policy; and identify factors associated with catheter insertion site complications, and suboptimal dressing and securement. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a global cross-sectional study of peripheral intravenous catheter characteristics, management and outcomes. SETTING: Four hundred and seven rural, regional and metropolitan hospitals in 51 countries. PARTICIPANTS: Paediatric and adult patients with 40,637 catheters. METHODS: Patient-, catheter-, and institution-related factors which could be associated with catheter site complications and suboptimal dressings were extracted from the parent database. Global trends in catheter dressing and securement policy and practice were described. Potential predictors of catheter and dressing complications were explored using logistic regression. RESULTS: Dressing and securement practices, and local hospital policy regarding dressing change frequency varied. One fifth of dressings (21%, n = 8519) were not clean, dry and intact. The prevalence of catheter insertion site complications was 16% (n = 6503), with signs of phlebitis commonly observed (11.5%, n = 4587). Compared to non-bordered polyurethane dressings, sterile gauze and tape dressings were associated with fewer insertion site complications (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.68) and better dressing integrity (odds ratio 0.68; 95% confidence interval 0.59-0.77); whereas, compared with no securement, non-sterile tape at the insertion site was associated with more site complications (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 2.22-2.57) and poorer dressing integrity (odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.51-1.75). Two 'bundled' dressing and securement combinations were associated with fewer site and dressing complications, when compared with the reference category. Local catheter care guidelines which advocate 4th hourly insertion site inspection and dressing replacement between 1-3 days were associated with better catheter dressing integrity. CONCLUSION: Modifiable risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter site and dressing complications were identified and are amendable to further interventional testing.

Complicações relacionadas ao uso do cateter venoso periférico: ensaio clínico randomizado / Complications related to the use of peripheral venous catheters: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as complicações decorrentes do uso e tipo de cateter venoso periférico em adultos. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado; realizado em um hospital de ensino, no período de 2012 a 2015; incluiu-se 169 adultos internados em unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas que necessitaram de punção venosa periférica e com permanência prevista de mais de 96 horas. A randomização aleatória sistematizada alocou 90 participantes no Grupo Experimental (cateter de segurança completo) e 79 no Grupo Controle (cateter curto flexível). Resultados A taxa geral de complicações foi 55,62%, houve 18,34% de flebite, infiltração 11,83%, obstrução 11,24% e tração 9,47%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para a ocorrência de complicações, flebite, obstrução e tração. Conclusão A taxa de complicações no cateterismo venoso periférico foi alta, mas quando comparados, sem diferença estatística significativa, o cateter de segurança completo teve taxas menores de complicações após o quarto dia de sobrevida.

Abstract Objective To analyze the complications deriving from the use and type of peripheral venous catheter in adults. Methods Randomized clinical trial; undertaken at a teaching hospital between 2012 and 2015; 169 adults were included who were hospitalized at clinical and surgical services and needed peripheral venipuncture with an expected dwelling time of more than 96 hours. Through systemized randomization, 90 participants were allocated to the trial group (complete safety catheter) and 79 to the control group (short flexible catheter). Results The general complications rate was 55.62%, with 18.34% of phlebitis, 11.83% infiltration, 11.24% obstruction and 9.47% traction. No significant difference was found between the groups for the occurrence of complications, phlebitis, obstruction and traction. Conclusion The complication rate in peripheral venous catheterization was high but, when compared, without a statistically significant difference, the complete safety catheter showed lower complication rates after the fourth day of survival.

Incidência de complicações locais no cateterismo venoso periférico e fatores de risco associados / Incidence of local complications in peripheral venous catheters and associated risk factors

Objetivo Estimar a incidência de complicações locais associadas ao cateterismo periférico e identificar os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento da complicação mais frequente. Métodos Coorte prospectiva realizada com 92 adultos submetidos a cateterismo venoso periférico, internados em unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas. Mediante observação diária do cateter, determinou-se o tempo de permanência e as complicações locais advindas do uso do Cateter de Segurança Completo, após capacitação das equipes de enfermagem. Utilizou-se os testes Exato de Fisher, G de Williams, Qui-quadrado, U de Mann-Whitney e Risco Relativo. Resultados Observou-se 56,52% de complicações locais. O tempo de permanência superior a 72 horas aumenta o risco para desenvolvimento de flebite em 2,34 (RR; p=0,0483; IC [0,91; 6,07]). Conclusão A incidência de complicações locais foi elevada, havendo predominância de flebite; o tempo de permanência superior a 72 horas foi detectado como fator de risco para sua ocorrência.

Objective To estimate the incidence of local complications associated with peripheral catheters and identify risk factors for the development of most common complications. Methods This prospective cohort study included 92 adult inpatients at clinical and surgical units who had peripheral catheterization. By daily observance of the catheters we determined time of permanence and local complications due to the use of a complete safety catheter. All actions began after training of nursing teams. Statistical tests used were the Fisher exact test, G test (Williams), chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and relative risk. Results Local complications occurred in 56.2% of cases. Time of catheter permanence over 72 hours increased the risk for phlebitis development in 2.34% of cases (RR; p=0.0483; CI [0.91; 6.07]). Conclusion Incidence of local complications was high. Phlebitis was the predominant complication and the time of catheter permanence over 72 hours was a considered risk factor for this complication.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation despite challenging vascular access.

We describe transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a patient who had severe peripheral artery disease. The patient's vascular condition required additional preliminary peripheral intervention to enable adequate vascular access. A 78-year-old man with severe aortic stenosis, substantial comorbidities, and severe heart failure symptoms was referred for aortic valve replacement. The patient's 20-mm aortic annulus necessitated the use of a 23-mm Edwards Sapien valve inserted through a 22F sheath, which itself needed a vessel diameter of at least 7 mm for percutaneous delivery. The left common femoral artery was selected for valve delivery. The left iliac artery and infrarenal aorta underwent extensive intervention to achieve an intraluminal diameter larger than 7 mm. After aortic valvuloplasty, valve deployment was successful, and the transaortic gradient decreased from 40 mmHg to less than 5 mmHg. The patient was discharged from the hospital 4 days postoperatively. We conclude that transcatheter aortic valve implantation can be successfully performed in patients with obstructed vascular access, including stenosis of the infrarenal aorta and the subclavian and coronary arteries.

Repeated transradial catheterization: feasibility, efficacy, and safety.

Transradial access is an alternative to the transfemoral approach in coronary interventions. It results in less access-site bleeding, shorter hospital stays, lower costs, and less pain for the patient. However, some authors have suggested that the transradial approach might lead to radial artery occlusion, which precludes repeated same-artery catheterizations. Using data from our center, we evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of repeated transradial catheterization. We reviewed the 3,006 transradial catheterizations performed at our center from 2006 through 2009. Patients who had undergone at least one repeated transradial catheterization were identified, their cases monitored through 2012, and their baseline characteristics and other factors, including procedural sequelae, were analyzed. Seventy-nine patients underwent repeated right radial artery catheterizations, for a total of 92 repeated procedures. Repeated access to the right radial artery was not achieved in 4 attempts (failure rate, 4.3%), because of poor pulses or the operator's inability to advance the wire. No major sequelae were noted. The average times between the 1st to 2nd, 2nd to 3rd, and 3rd to 4th catheterizations were 406, 595, and 401 days, respectively. Our procedural success rate of 95.7% in performing repeated transradial catheterizations with no major sequelae provides support for the efficacy and safety of such procedures.