Effect of a 12-Week Mixed Training on Body Quality in People Living with HIV: Does Age and HIV Duration Matter?

BACKGROUND: The impact of HIV duration on exercise adaptations has not yet been studied. Moreover, the age at which subjects living with HIV are the most responsive to exercise is not clear. AIMS: Investigate the effect of a mixed exercise training program on physical performance changes in individuals living with HIV and explore if age or HIV duration influence these adaptations in men. METHODS: In this feasibility study, participants followed a 12-week mixed exercise training program, three times/week, 45 min/session. Physical performance including functional capacities (normal 4-m walking test, 6min walking test), grip strength (hand dynamometer), muscle power, body composition (android and gynoid fat masses, appendicular lean mass) were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Subgroup analysis according to the median age of the participants (age<50yrs vs. age≥50yrs) and median HIV duration (HIV<20yrs vs. HIV≥20yrs) were performed in men. RESULTS: A total of 27 participants (age: 54.5±6.8yrs, men: 85%; HIV duration: 19.3±7.6yrs) were included. At the end of the intervention, significant increases compared to baseline were seen in grip strength (p=0.017), leg power (p<0.001), normal walking speed (p<0.001) and 6-min walking distance (p=0.003). Following the intervention, parameters improved similarly in both age groups. However improvement was greater in those with HIV>20yrs than those with a shorter infection duration, with change (%) on total (p<0.001), android (p=0.02), and gynoid (p=0.05) fat masses as well as appendicular lean mass index (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Mixed exercise training seems to be an effective intervention to improve physical performance in individuals living with HIV. In addition, this study suggests that neither age nor HIV duration has influence on the effect of mixed training in this population.

Management of Long COVID-The CoviMouv' Pilot Study: Importance of Adapted Physical Activity for Prolonged Symptoms Following SARS-CoV2 Infection.

Context: After a COVID-19 infection, some patients have persistent symptoms, the most common is fatigue. To prevent it from becoming chronic (post-COVID-19 syndrome), early management before 3 months could be useful. Exercise and education are recommended. Objective: To assess fatigue in patients with prolonged symptoms after COVID-19 infection and who received a mixed program of remote adapted physical activity and therapeutic education. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this training method thanks to aerobic and anaerobic parameters. Methods: "CoviMouv': From Coaching in Visual to Mouv in real" is a nonrandomized controlled pilot study. Patients in telerehabilitation followed 12 remote exercise sessions and 3 therapeutic education workshops. Patients on traditional rehabilitation followed their program with a community-based physiotherapist. Results: Fatigue was reduced after the one-month intervention in both groups (p = 0.010). The majority of aerobic parameters were significantly improved, e.g., maximal oxygen uptake (p = 0.005), walking distance (p = 0.019) or hyperventilation values (p = 0.035). The anaerobic parameter was not improved (p = 0.400). No adverse event was declared. Discussion: Telerehabilitation is a good alternative when a face-to-face program is not possible. This care at an early stage of the disease could help prevent the chronicity of post-COVID-19 symptoms and the installation of vicious circles of physical deconditioning. A larger study would be necessary.

Estilo de vida activo según nuevas directrices de la OMS: ¿una influencia sobre la aptitud física, composición corporal y calidad de vida en mujeres mayores? / Active lifestyle according to new WHO guidelines: an influence on fitness, body composition and quality of life in elderly women? / Estilo de vida ativo segundo as novas diretrizes da OMS: uma influência na aptidão física, composição corporal e qualidade de vida em mulheres idosas?

RESUMEN La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación de la actividad física realizada sobre la aptitud física, composición corporal y calidad de vida en una población de mujeres adultas mayores de México. Estudio retrospectivo correlacional en el cual se clasificó a las mujeres según su estilo de vida activo de acuerdo a si cumple o no con las directrices publicadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS] en 2020 sobre actividad física y comportamiento sedentario. La evaluación de la actividad física se registró a través del Cuestionario IPAQ, la aptitud física a través de la batería Senior Fitness Test, la composición corporal se estimó mediante impedancia bioeléctrica y la calidad de vida con el Cuestionario SF36. Los resultados de aquellas mujeres mayores que tienen un mayor gasto energético y que cumplen con las recomendaciones del tiempo destinado a la actividad física, muestran una mejor aptitud física, composición corporal y mayor percepción de la calidad de vida, sin embargo, la mayoría no cumple con estas recomendaciones.

ABSTRACT The present research aimed to determine the relation of the physical activity carried out (active or inactive lifestyle) on physical fitness, body composition, and quality of life in a population of older adult women in Mexico. Retrospective correlational study in which women were classified according to their active lifestyle according to whether or not they comply with the guidelines published by the World Health Organization [WHO] in 2020 on physical activity and sedentary behavior. The evaluation of physical activity was recorded through the IPAQ Questionnaire, physical fitness through the Senior Fitness Test battery, body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance, and quality of life with the SF36 Questionnaire. As a result, we find that those elderly women who have a higher energy expenditure and who comply with the recommendations of the time allocated to physical activity, show better physical fitness, body composition, and greater perception of quality of life, however, most do not comply with these recommendations.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a relação da atividade física realizada na aptidão física, composição corporal e qualidade de vida em uma população de mulheres idosas no México. Estudo retrospectivo correlacional em que as mulheres foram classificadas de acordo com seu estilo de vida ativo de acordo com as diretrizes publicadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde [OMS] em 2020 sobre atividade física e comportamento sedentário. A avaliação da atividade física foi registrada através do Questionário IPAQ, a aptidão física através da bateria Senior Fitness Test, a composição corporal foi estimada através da bioimpedância elétrica e a qualidade de vida com o Questionário SF36. Os resultados daquelas idosas que possuem maior gasto energético e que cumprem as recomendações do tempo destinado à atividade física, evidenciam melhor aptidão física, composição corporal e maior percepção da qualidade de vida, porém, a maioria não cumpre, com estas recomendações.

Heredabilidad de las potencialidades físico-deportivas de padres a hijos: Dermatoglifia computarizada / Physical Capacity Heritability from Parents to Children: Computerised Dermatoglyphics

El presente trabajo toma un diseño de investigación de estudio de casos múltiples. Se analizaron cuatro familias, conformadas por dos padres y dos hijos, con diferente nivel de involucramiento en el deporte. A través de la metodología de dermatoglifia dactilar deportiva. Objetivo: demostrar, la heredabilidad genética de las potencialidades físicas de padres a hijos, la correlación entre patrones dermatoglíficos y el rendimiento deportivo; así como la efectividad de un sistema dermatoglífico informatizado. Resultados: se demuestra relación hereditaria entre padres e hijos, a través del método dermatoglífico informatizado, en algunos casos cada padre hereda sus potencialidades a un hijo diferente, en otro es la madre la que otorga a ambos hijos. Además, las familias donde existe un fuerte involucramiento y más cercano al alto rendimiento, cuenta con hijos con más éxitos deportivos. Se confirma la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento, demostrando capacidad de precisión, eficiencia y eficacia para el estudio científico. (AU)

A multiple-case research design was chosen for this study. Four families, with two parents and two children each, and different levels of engagement in sport were analysed by means of sport digital dermatoglyphics. Aim: to confirm the genetic heritability of physical capacities from parents to children, the correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns and sport performance, as well as the effectiveness of a computerised dermatoglyphic method. Results: genetic heritability of physical capacities from parents to children was confirmed by means of computerised dermatoglyphics. In some cases, each parent inherits his potentialities to a different child, in others, both children inherited them from their mother. Furthermore, children from families with strong engagement in sport and who were closer to high performance became more successful in sport. Validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed, its accuracy, efficiency and effectiveness for scientific research being also proved. (AU)

Evidencing the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Imposed Lockdown Measures on Fitness Status in Adolescents: A Preliminary Report.

It was established that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in decreased physical activity levels, potentially leading to reduced physical fitness. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on fitness indices in adolescents. We observed high school adolescents (33% girls; aged 15-17 years) divided into two cohorts. The first cohort (control; n = 48) included adolescents who were in school during the 2018/2019 year, while the second cohort (lockdown; n = 66) was observed during the school year 2019/2020 when COVID-19 lockdown measures were imposed. Variables included body height, body mass, BMI, sit-ups, and the 600 m dash. Both cohorts were tested at the beginning and at the end of the observed school years. A factorial analysis of variance for repeated measurements evidenced an improvement in sit-ups and the 600 m dash in the control, and a decrease of the same capacities in the lockdown cohort. In the lockdown cohort, a decrease in muscular fitness was more evident in boys than in girls. No differential changes between cohorts were evidenced in anthropometrics. Results suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown negatively influenced muscular fitness status in adolescents, especially in boys.

Relationship between personality and physical capacities in older adults: The mediating role of subjective age, aging attitudes and physical self-perceptions.

Walking speed and muscular strength are two main markers of health in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that personality traits may predict these two outcomes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these relationships. Thus, the present study examined whether personality traits are associated with walking speed and muscular strength through the mediating role of subjective age (how young or old individuals experience themselves to be), attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Community-dwelling older women (N = 243; Mage = 73.0; SDage = 6.5) were recruited. For reasons of recruitment feasibility, participants were only older women. They were requested to complete a questionnaire measuring personality, subjective age, attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Following this, their walking speed and their muscular strength were investigated. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. In line with the literature, we extended the associations between extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and walking speed and between conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and muscular strength. Physical self-perceptions appear to be a robust mediator between personality traits and walking speed whereas attitudes toward aging and subjective age mediated the personality traits/muscular strength relationship. This study provides evidence, for the first time, that the associations between personality traits and physical capacities are different according to the physical capacities investigated. Based on these results, it could be interesting to adapt physical activity interventions to the psychological profile of older adults.

Analysis of Tug of War Competition: A Narrative Complete Review.

Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes, defined as early as 4000 years ago (as a rope-less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings, and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of "pullers" participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art of TOW. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous information has been published on this topic. Anthropometric parameters for competitors are near 83.6, lean body mass 69.4, and body fat 16. The VO2MAX is 55.8 mL/kg/min. In terms of relative strength, the dynamic leg power is 4659.8 N. Endurance TOW elicits minimal muscle damage. Injured strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries: back (42%), shoulder-upper limb (23%) and knee (17%). Pulling movement in TOW contests can be divided into three phases, namely the "drop", "hold" and "drive" phases. The maximal pulling force was 1041.6 ± 123.9 N. The percentage of dynamic pulling force in the static maximal pulling force was 75.5 ± 14.4% and the dynamic ranged from 106.4 to 182.5%. There are two gripping styles: indoor and outdoor. The friction characteristics between surface and shoe in TOW is important in determining a suitable shoe for indoor TOW. A waist belt might be a useful piece of equipment for TOW sport. The EMG technique in TOW entails a high degree of dorsal muscle activity during the pulling. The factor of force vanishing was the coordination among athletes. The force vanishing percentage goes from 8.82 ± 5.59 for two contenders to 19.74 ± 2.22 for eight athletes, 6.4% in the sum of two pullers. However, in the drop phase, for female elite TOW team, only the 0.5% of the pulling force was wasted. Future studies are need in order to understand better this historical sport activity.

Position Specific Running Performances in Professional Football (Soccer): Influence of Different Tactical Formations.

Running performances (RPs) are known to be important parameters of success in football (soccer), but there is a lack of studies where RPs are contextualized regarding applied tactical solutions. This study aims to quantify and analyze the differences in position-specific RPs in professional football, when games are played with three defensive players (3DP) and four defensive players (4DP). The participants here include professional football players (M ± SD, age 23.57 ± 2.84 years, body height 181.9 ± 5.17 cm, body mass 78.36 ± 4.18 kg) playing at the highest competitive level in Croatia. RPs were measured by global positioning system and classified into four groups based on playing positions: central defenders (CD; n = 47), wide defenders (WD; n = 24), midfielders (MF; n = 48), or forwards (FW; n = 19). Analysis of variance and discriminant canonical analysis are used to identify differences between 3DP and 4DP tactical solutions in terms of the RPs for each playing position. The number of accelerations and decelerations most significantly contributed to the differentiation of 3DP and 4DP among MFs (Wilks λ = 0.31, p < 0.001), with higher occurrences with 3DP. For CDs, total distance, and high-intensity running were higher in 3DP (Wilks λ = 0.66, p < 0.001). No multivariate differences were found for FW and WD players in terms of the RPs between 3DP and 4DP tactical formations. The characteristics and differences shown in this study may provide useful information for coaching staff regarding changing in-season tactical formations. Additionally, the results are useful for optimizing training programs for football players with different playing positions. When changing from 4DP to 3DP tactical formations, WDs training programs should include more of high-intensity running, while MFs training programs should be more based on short intensity activities (accelerations and decelerations).

Physical and Physiological Match-Play Demands and Player Characteristics in Futsal: A Systematic Review.

Futsal, also known as five-a-side indoor soccer, is a team-sport that is becoming increasingly popular. In fact, the number of futsal-related investigations is growing in recent years. This review aimed to summarize the scientific literature addressing the match-play demands from the following four dimensions: time-motion/external load analysis and physiological, neuromuscular, and biochemical responses to competition. Additionally, it aimed to describe the anthropometric, physiological, and neuromuscular characteristics of elite and sub-elite male futsal players, contemplating the differences between competition levels. The literature indicates that elite futsal players cover greater total distance with higher intensities and perform a greater number of sprints during match-play when compared to sub-elite players. The physiological demands during competition are high (average intensity of ≥85% maximal heart rate and ~80% maximum oxygen uptake [VO2max]), with decrements between the two halves. Research suggests that neuromuscular function decreased and hormonal responses increased up to 24 h after the match. Considering anthropometric characteristics, players present low percentage of body fat, which seems commonplace among athletes from different on-court positions and competition levels. Elite players display greater values and at VO2max with respect to sub-elite competitors. Little is known regarding elite and sub-elite futsal players' neuromuscular abilities (strength, jumping, sprinting, and change of direction [COD]). However, it appears that elite players present better sprinting abilities compared to lower-level athletes. Futsal players aiming to compete at the highest level should focus on developing maximal speed, lower-body power and strength, aerobic capacity, and lean muscle mass.

The Importance of Fundamental Motor Skills in Identifying Differences in Performance Levels of U10 Soccer Players.

This study examined the differences in fundamental motor skills (FMSs) and specific conditioning capacities (SCCs) between a coach's classification of first team (FT) and second team (ST) U10 soccer players and examined the most important qualities based on how the coach differentiates them. The FT (n = 12; Mage = 9.72 ± 0.41) and ST (n = 11; Mage = 9.57 ± 0.41) soccer players were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, standing long jump, sit and reach, diverse sprints, and the 20 m multistage fitness test (MSFT). The coach's subjective evaluation of players was obtained using a questionnaire. No significant differences existed between the FT and ST in any variables (p > 0.05). However, large and moderate effect sizes were present in favour of the FT group in locomotor skills (d = 0.82 (0.08, 1.51)), gross motor quotient (d = 0.73 (0.00, 1.41)), height (d = 0.61 (-0.12, 1.29)), MSFT (d = 0.58 (-0.14, 1.25)), and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (d = 0.55 (-0.17, 1.22)). Furthermore, the coach perceived the FT group as having greater technical and tactical qualities relative to ST players. This suggests that it might be more relevant for players of this age to develop good FMS connected to technical skills, before focusing on SCC. Therefore, it might be beneficial for soccer coaches to emphasize the development of FMSs due to their potential to identify talented young soccer players and because they underpin the technical soccer skills that are required for future soccer success.

Impact of Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Capacities of Hypertensive Obese Elderly.

The association of old age and chronic conditions, such as hypertension and obesity, can lead to larger decreases in the physical capacities of elderly, compared with their healthy counterparts. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be efficient in postponing this phenomenon, mainly strength training. However, little is known about the effect of aerobic training on this condition. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training on the physical capacities of hypertensive obese older women. Aerobic power, lower limb muscle power, upper limb muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility of 19 hypertensive obese elders were evaluated. Afterward, patients were blindly randomized into control group (CG) and exercise group (EG). EG underwent three sessions/week of 60 min of moderate-intensity aerobic training, during 12 weeks. EG showed increases in VO2max compared with CG (p = .03) and increases in flexibility compared with basal moment (+21.6%; p = .01) after 12 weeks, whereas CG did not show any significant alterations. Moderate aerobic training is capable of inducing increases in maximal aerobic power and flexibility in hypertensive obese elderly. However, other essential physical capacities associated with independence in elderly people (i.e., muscle power and strength) were not responsive to this kind of protocol.

Profiling obesity phenotypes and trajectories in older adults of the Quebec NuAge cohort on nutrition and successful aging: A cluster analysis.

Obesity in older adults results from several interacting factors. Consequently, interventions have shown mitigated effects. We determined (a) the different subgroups of older adults with obesity based on clusters of associated comorbidities and (b) the trajectory of these clusters to assess their stability over 3 years and factors contributing to transitions. Obese men (n = 193; body mass index [BMI] = 33.15 ± 2.69 kg/m2 ) and women (n = 220; BMI = 33.71 ± 3.71 kg/m2 ) aged between 68 and 82 years were studied. Outcome variables were body composition, strength, physical capacity (PC), nutrition, psychological and physical health and social participation. Cluster analyses, stratified by sex, were used to identify obesity profiles at baseline and follow-up. Three profiles were identified, based on general health (GH), psychological health (PH) and PC: Cluster 1: healthy obese (GH+, PH+, PC+); Cluster 2: obese with low PC (GH+/-, PH+/-, PC-); Cluster 3: unhealthy obese (GH-, PH-, PC-). After 3 years, 61.2% and 70.2% of men and women remained in their initial cluster, compared to 20.4% and 13.7% who transitioned towards a worse health cluster and 18.3% and 16.0% who transitioned towards a more favourable cluster, partly explained by changes in physical health for men and physical health and PH for women. The results of this study show that targeting physical function in men and physical health and PH functions in women could prevent further health decline in older adults with obesity. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of these clusters in the prediction of cardiometabolic complications and mortality.

The degree of misjudgment between perceived and actual gait ability in older adults.

Successful execution of motor tasks requires an integration of the perception of one's physical abilities and the perception of the task itself. Physical and cognitive decline associated with ageing may lead to misjudgments of these perceived and actual abilities and possibly to errors that may lead to balance loss. We aimed to directly quantify the degree to which older adults misjudge their actual gait ability. Twenty-seven older adults participated and were instructed to walk on a narrow path projected on a treadmill. We tested two paradigms to estimate the participants' perceived gait ability: a path width manipulation, in which participants had to indicate the smallest path width that they could walk on without stepping outside or losing balance (at given speed), and a treadmill speed manipulation, in which they had to indicate the maximum speed that they could use at a given path width. We determined their actual ability as the probability of stepping inside the path over a range of path widths and speeds. The path width paradigm seemed suitable for evaluating self-perception of actual gait ability and revealed that participants appeared to show a range of misjudgment towards either over- or underestimating their actual abilities. Better abilities appeared not associated with better judgment. Direct quantification of the degree of misjudgment provides insight in the interplay between cognition and physical abilities and can be of added value towards prevention of falls and promotion of healthy ageing.

Análise da produção científica sobre capacidades físicas e habilidades motoras na dança / Analysis of scientific production on physical capacities and motor skills in dance

Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, tem por objetivo investigar as produções do conhecimento científico acerca do desenvolvimento das capacidades físicas e habilidades motoras para a prática de dança, geradas pelos Grupos de Pesquisa em dança no Brasil. O estudo aliou pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, desenvolvida por intermédio de consulta à base corrente dos Grupos de Pesquisa em Dança,cadastrados na Plataforma Lattes do CNPq, no período de 2005 a 2011, focalizando a produção de artigos completos publicados em periódicos pelos líderes dos grupos. Os resultados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio da utilização da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático. Os dados evidenciaram que a ocorrência de apenas um grupo na consulta pelo termo “ballet”, sem nenhuma publicação no período abordado e cento e vinte e seis grupos para o termo “dança”, com cento e trinta e três Artigos Completos publicados em periódicos nesse período, os quais contemplam a articulação entre diferentes temáticas, áreas e linhas de pesquisa. Não foram encontrados resultados para a associação dos termos “capacidades físicas e dança”, “capacidades físicas e ballet” e “habilidades motoras e ballet”. Puderam ser evidenciados dois grupos associando os descritores “habilidades motoras e dança”. Houve a prevalência de publicações sobre dança pelos líderes dos grupos na área de pesquisa em Artes, seguida,com menor incidência, de estudos na Educação Física e na Educação. Entretanto, a dança, envolvendo a temática específica desse estudo, mostrou-se pertinente e de interesse para diversificadas áreas do conhecimento e linhas de pesquisa, especialmente no que tange aos temas do estudo. Torna-se importante o desenvolvimento de outros estudos, no sentido de subsidiar a literatura específica nas áreas de motricidade humana e dança, suprindo lacunas ainda existentes e enriquecendo novas reflexões para o aprimoramento do conhecimento dessa prática.

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the scientific knowledge production about the development of physical capacities and motor skills in dance activities, generated by Research Groups in Brazil. The study allied literature review and exploratory research, developed through consulting the current Dance Research Groups registered in CNPq Lattes Platform during the period from 2005 to 2011 focus on the production of full papers in journals published by the group leaders. Data were descriptively analyzed through Thematic Content Analysis Technical and indicate the occurrence of only one group when consultation with the word "ballet", without publication in the period covered and one hundred twenty-six groups for the term "dance", with one hundred thirty-three full papers published in journals during this period, which include links between different thematics, areas and research lines. There were not found results for the association of the terms "physical capacities and dance", "physical capacities and ballet" and "motor skills and ballet". Two groups could be seen associating “motor skills and dance”. There was the prevalence of publications on dance by the group leaders in the research area of Arts, then a lesser extent studies in Physical Education and Education. However, the dance proved to be a relevant theme and of interest to diverse knowledge areas and research lines. It is important to develop other studies to support the specific literature in the area of human movement and dance, supplying remaining gaps and enriching new reflections able to improve the knowledge about this activity.