Physical Education Teachers' Health Literacy: First Evidence from Lithuania.

BACKGROUND: Promotion of health literacy is an important goal in the context of promoting whole school health. Physical education teachers are of particular importance in achieving this goal. However, very limited empirical studies have addressed the health literacy of physical education teachers. This research aimed to test the structural validity and reliability of the HLS19-Q12, to measure health literacy among physical education teachers, and to evaluate associations of health literacy with health- and lifestyle-related indicators. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of Lithuanian physical education teachers. The participants completed a self-administered online survey that collected information on socio-demographics and health literacy (HLS19-Q12 for general health literacy and the optional package HLS19-DIGI to measure digital health literacy) as well as health behavior. RESULTS: A total of 332 participants completed the survey. The HLS19-Q12 demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α of 0.73 and McDonald's ω of 0.75) and satisfactory structural validity (CFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.917, RMSEA = 0.081). Participants had an average score of 85.09 (SD = 17.23) when using the HLS19-Q12, with 19.3% and 48.8% displaying excellent and sufficient levels of health literacy, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that a higher level of health literacy was significantly associated with better health evaluation (ß = 0.15, p < 0.01), but no significant association was found with other health behavior and lifestyle indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results suggest that teachers' general health literacy is relatively high. Our findings highlight the importance of conducting more in-depth studies to pursue the understanding of the whole school teachers' health literacy.

Exploring Physical Education Teachers' Intention and Perceived Constraints in Offering Online Lessons Using the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Multi-Country Analysis.

Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this study aimed to determine the influence of Physical Education (PE) teachers' attitudes, their perceived behavioral control, and the influence of subjective norms on their intention and constraints (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural) to offer a high-quality class based on best practices to deliver PE lessons online during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional, multi-country survey study recruited PE teachers from five countries (China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Turkey, and the United States). A total of 928 online questionnaires were used in the analysis. In terms of the overall intention to teach online, our findings showed that American and Filipino teachers had higher levels of intention to continue teaching online. In contrast, Turkish, Malaysian, and Chinese teachers showed a lower interest. Moreover, Malaysian teachers had more intrapersonal constraints while the teachers in the other four countries were not as restrained intrapersonally. The results highlight the significant influence of perceived behavioral control and attitudes on PE teachers' intention to deliver online courses. Constraints to online teaching had a considerably large negative impact on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Based on the results, the proposed extension to the theory of planned behavior was an appropriate framework for understanding the behavioral intent of PE teachers.

Análisis de la competencia del profesor de Educación Física para la inclusión de escolares con discapacidad

El estudio se enmarca en la competencia percibida por propios profesores de Educación Física para la inclusión de escolares primarios con discapacidad física. Se formuló como objetivo analizar la competencia percibida por profesores de Educación Física para la inclusión de escolares primarios con discapacidad física, en dos municipios de la región central de Cuba. Los datos provienen de un cuestionario cumplimentado por 40 profesores de Educación Física de dos municipios de la Región central cubana (divididos en dos grupos de 20). Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos como la entrevista, la observación y la encuesta; del nivel matemático y/o estadístico, la distribución empírica de frecuencia. El resultado de la investigación reflejó la descripción de la autopercepción de los profesores de ambas poblaciones, en las tres dimensiones, con resultados más favorables para el municipio de Cabaiguán. La autopercepción más favorable de los profesores del municipio de Cabaiguán, para realizar adaptaciones específicas, emitir instrucción a los iguales y seguridad en el proceso de inclusión de escolares con discapacidad en la clase de Educación Física.

O estudo enquadra-se na competência percebida pelos próprios professores de Educação Física para a inclusão de alunos do ensino fundamental com deficiência física. O objetivo foi formulado para analisar a competência percebida pelos professores de Educação Física para a inclusão de alunos do ensino fundamental com deficiência física, em dois municípios da região central de Cuba. Os dados provêm de um questionário respondido por 40 professores de Educação Física de dois municípios da região central de Cuba (divididos em dois grupos de 20). Foram utilizados métodos teóricos como analítico-sintético e indutivo-dedutivo; e empíricos, como entrevistas, observações e pesquisas; do nível matemático e/ou estatístico, a distribuição de frequência empírica. O resultado da pesquisa refletiu a descrição da autopercepção dos professores de ambas as populações, nas três dimensões, com resultados mais favoráveis para o município de Cabaiguán. A autopercepção mais favorável dos professores do município de Cabaiguán, para fazer adaptações específicas, dar instrução aos pares e segurança no processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física.

The study is part of the competence perceived by Physical Education teachers themselves for the inclusion of primary schoolchildren with physical disabilities. The objective was to analyze the competence perceived by Physical Education teachers for the inclusion of primary schoolchildren with physical disabilities, in two municipalities in the central region of Cuba. The data come from a questionnaire completed by 40 Physical Education teachers from two municipalities in the Cuban central region (divided into two groups of 20). Theoretical methods such as the analytical-synthetic and the inductive-deductive were used; as empirical ones the interview, the observation and the survey were used; and from the mathematical and/or statistical level, the empirical frequency distribution was used. The result of the research reflected the description of the self-perception of the teachers of both populations, in the three dimensions, with more favorable results for the municipality of Cabaiguán. The most favorable self-perception of teachers in the municipality of Cabaiguán, to make specific adaptations, issue instruction to equals and security in the process of inclusion of schoolchildren with disabilities in Physical Education class.

Stress, Resilience, Burnout and Study Hours in Physical Education Pre-Service Teachers-An Explanatory Model about Gender.

The process of becoming a public teacher in Spain requires a long period of preparation. This long period of preparation has an impact on the psychosocial environment of the candidates. Differences have been observed in the psychosocial area according to gender in pre-service teachers. This research aims to study the relationship between the study hours per day, stress, burnout syndrome and resilience according to gender and to study the differences in the effects according to gender using multigroup equation modeling. A multigroup structural equation analysis has been proposed according to the gender of the participants. Parametric tests were used for the descriptive analysis of the results. The sample consists of 4117 participants, 1363 males and 2754 females. The instruments used to collect the data were a self-made questionnaire, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory. All the instruments have been validated and adapted to the sample. The data reveal that there are variations in the effects of the variables according to the gender of the participants. In conclusion, it is affirmed that gender is a very important factor in coping with the competitive examination process for state-public-teaching institutions, as well as in avoiding the appearance of disruptive states generated by this preparation process.

Transformational leadership of physical education instructors and university students' satisfaction with online classes.

This study examined the relationship between the transformational leadership of PE instructors and students' satisfaction in an online PE class. In particular, it aimed to investigate whether the PE instructors' transformational leadership behaviors could predict students' satisfaction toward the class, their PE teacher, and their health and fitness. Furthermore, this study explored these relationships in male and female students. A total of 448 university students (male = 228; female = 220) between the ages of 18 and 22 participated in the study. The results revealed a positive relationship between the transformational leadership behaviors of PE instructors and students' satisfaction with online PE classes. Moreover, male and female students' satisfaction with the teaching of their PE instructor, feelings of fun and enjoyment, and perception of improved health and fitness in their online PE classes varied greatly as they perceived specific behaviors of transformational leadership from their PE instructors. These findings demonstrate that PE instructors play an important role as (online) classroom leaders in enhancing students' satisfaction with online learning. Therefore, PE instructors should be mindful to demonstrate transformational leadership to improve their effectiveness when conducting online classes.

Portuguese research on physical education and sport didactics-a critical discussion.

This article presents a discussion of research in Physical Education and Sport Didactics in Portugal. It starts by situating it from an historical perspective, placing the 1980s as the beginning era, mainly based on the studies provided by the two first Physical Education higher education institutes of the country. The initial research, first based on master and doctoral dissertations, progressed to ongoing projects that have been disseminated in international and national journals and books. This development is also reported from the theoretical, conceptual, and methodological perspectives, showing how it has informed the quality of Physical Education and teacher education as the two main research strands to be described, however, acknowledging that a strand on sports coaching and coach education exists. On teaching Physical Education, the article discusses the elements relative to the teacher and to the student, focusing from the immediate and short-term to the distant and long-term events that lead into young adulthood's active lifestyles. In this analysis, research on curriculum and assessment are also reported. On physical education teacher education, the article shows the prevalence of the post-primary Physical Education to argue for the need for more research on primary-level education, and discusses the diverse foci from initial teacher education to in-service education practises. In line with current trends in research, we suggest a set of four features for the future research agenda: (1) addressing short to long-term outcomes of Physical Education; (2) adopting multifactorial and multi-layered perspectives of analysis; (3) embracing inter- and multidisciplinary designs; and (4) taking comparative perspectives within and between European countries, and between Europe and other continents. We conclude that these features need to focus on four levels of integration and cooperation: (a) integration between the research initiatives and the needs of the professional field; (b) integration between research on teaching and learning, teacher education and the curriculum; (c) cooperation between the different national higher education and professional institutions; and (d) integration in the international research agenda by leading and participating in project partnerships which are needed to fully and effectively implement such agenda.

Process of developing a cervical cancer education program for female university students in a Health and Physical Education teacher training course: an action research.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop a cervical cancer education program for students and evaluate the process for female students of an HPE teacher education university who were training to become Japanese Health and Physical Education teachers. METHODS: This study used Action Research (AR) methodology. In developing program, we analyzed the description of the teaching material development process, the lectures, and the students' report contents, which was the main activity in the program development. Thirty five third- and fourth-year students majoring in health promotion at a Health and Physical Education teacher education university, which trains Health and Physical Education teachers in Tokyo, Japan, participated in this study. RESULTS: After a review of the prototype version of the cervical cancer education material, six out of nine reviewers determined that it can be published. In the revised cervical cancer education materials, messages from students, university lecturers, and gynecologists have been added as a column in the section on 'how to prevent cervical cancer. Analysis of the contents of the texts (16,792 characters in total) of 35 student reports resulted in the generation of 51 codes, 3 categories, and 15 subcategories. CONCLUSIONS: This study reflects the intentions of female university students to contribute their knowledge to the development of educational materials on cervical cancer, which, alongside the lectures, have deepened the knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer. Based on this, the teaching material development process, lectures by experts, and students' mindset after learning about cervical cancer is reported in this study. There is a need for more educational programs on cervical cancer that are implemented through the education of female university students.

Faculty Perspective Regarding Practical Experience of Adapted Physical Education for Undergraduate Students.

Preparing future physical education professionals to teach adapted physical education (APE) is a responsibility of physical education teacher education (PETE) programs. Furthermore, there is limited literature on practicum and/or field experiences as a part of APE courses from the perspective of faculty members. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore faculty views in relation to the practical experiences in undergraduate APE courses. Structured interviews were conducted with faculty members of higher education institutions in the U.S. There were five study participants in this study. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. The findings included three subthemes: (a) quality of quantity, (b) need for diversity in practical experiences, and (c) practical experience pertaining to APE courses. Practical experience in APE courses is an integral part of professional preparation for undergraduate students in kinesiology programs. There are no exact criteria for requirements across the states; however, students could maximize their learning by engaging in diverse APE practicum settings. The instructor of APE courses should provide clear guidelines and feedback for students. Instructors of APE courses must also consider the institutional and environmental context prior to planning and implementing practical experiences to provide successful learning experiences for students.

Model Construction of Chinese Preservice Physical Education Teachers' Perception of Social Media: A Grounded Theory Approach.

(1) Background: Pre-service physical education teachers commonly embrace social media for multiple purposes. However, little is known about their perception of social media, which could affect the appropriate use of social media in their future professional work. This study aims to explore a theoretical model of how pre-service physical education teachers perceive social media in order to provide a basis for educators to guide their appropriate use of social media. (2) Methods: Qualitative data were collected in diverse ways, mainly from interviews. Seventeen Chinese preservice physical education teachers were selected as participants by a purposive sampling technique. The interview questions focused on participants' motivation, expectations, and experiences in social media usage. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data by ROST CM and Nvivo 12. (3) Results: The perception of social media among teachers includes three subsidiary categories made up of 10 sub-categories, 70 concepts, and 307 labels. The three categories are (a) value perception, including the perspective of intelligent function, interaction, and rich information, (b) risk perception, involving psychological risk, information risk and privacy risk and (c) overall perception, like development trends, current status and basic elements. (4) Conclusions: Chinese preservice physical education teachers perceive social media as having similarities and differences compared to other countries. Future research should consider a large sample survey to revise and verify the initial exploration of perception and study diverse groups of teachers' perceptions of social media.

The influence of school inclusive education climate on physical education teachers' inclusive education competency: The mediating role of teachers' agency.

Introduction: Teachers' inclusive education competency is the key to the successful implementation of inclusive education. Under the background of China's vigorous development of inclusive education, the influence mechanism of inclusive education competency of Chinese physical education teachers has not been paid attention to. The present study concentrates on the relationships between school inclusive education climate, physical education teachers' agency, and inclusive education competency. Methods: Data were collected from 286 primary and junior high school physical education teachers through nationwide convenience sampling on the Internet in China by completing the School Inclusive Education Climate Scale, Physical Education Teachers' Agency Scale, PE Teachers' Inclusive Education Competency Scale. Results: Results of structural equation modelling revealed that school inclusive education climate had a significant effect on physical education teachers' agency. School inclusive education climate had a significant influence on physical education teachers' inclusive education competency. The mediation effect of physical education teachers' agency on the relationship between school inclusive education climate and inclusive education competency was significant as well. Discussion: These results demonstrate that school inclusive education climate plays a direct and indirect role in promoting physical education teachers' inclusive education competency.

Cursos técnicos de habilitação em Educação Física de 2° grau: estudos de caso no Rio de Janeiro no período de 1970 a 1990 / Technical courses in Physical Education at the high school: case studies in Rio de Janeiro from 1970 to 1990 / Cursos tecnicos en Educación Física en la escuela secundária: studios de caso en Rio de Janeiro de 1970 hasta 1990

Presente no sistema universitário em âmbito federal para civis desde 1939, a formação em Educação Física conviveu com outros espaços de formação por longo tempo. Um desses espaços consiste nos cursos técnicos de habilitação de professores em Educação Física de 2° grau (atual ensino médio). Nesse sentido, que papel teria o curso técnico de formação de professores em Educação Física? Para responder tal questão, a pesquisa teve como objetivo específico analisar os cursos técnicos de 2° grau de formação de professores em Educação Física e a sua mediação com a formação profissional nas décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990. Como material empírico foi realizada a análise documental de matrizes curriculares, portarias governamentais e legislações federais e estaduais (Rio de Janeiro) sobre educação, além da visita a quatro instituições de educação básica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro que, em outros tempos, ofertavam o referido curso.

Present in the university system at the federal level since 1939, it has lived with other spaces of formation for a long time. One of these spaces consists of the technical courses of habilitation of teachers in Physical Education at the level of 2nd degree (current high school). In this sense, what role would the technical course of teacher training in Physical Education have? In order to answer this question, the research had the specific objective of analyzing the technical courses of 2nd degree of teacher training in Physical Education and its mediation with professional training in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. As empirical material the analysis was performed documentary of curricular matrices, governmental ordinances and federal and state legislations (Rio de Janeiro) on education, besides the visitto four institutions of basic education in the Stateof Rio de Janeiro that offered the referred course at the time.

Presente en el sistema universitario a nivel federal para civiles desde 1939, convivió durante mucho tiempo com otros espacios de formación. Uno de estos espacios consiste en cursos técnicos para La formación de profesores de Educación Física en Secundaria. En este sentido, ¿qué papel tendría el curso técnico para La formación de profesores de Educación Física? Para responder a esta interrogante, La investigación tuvo como objetivo específico analizar los cursos técnicos de 2° grado de formación de profesores de Educación Física y su mediación com La formación profesional en las décadas de 1970, 1980 y 1990. Como material empírico, El análisis fue documental de matrices curriculares, ordenanzas gubernamentales y legislación federal y estatal (Río de Janeiro) sobre educación, además de la visita a cuatro instituciones de educación básica del Estado de Río de Janeiro que, em otros tiempos, ofrecieron este curso.

Developing the theoretical model of Chinese physical education teachers' health communication competence: based on grounded theory.

Background: Physical education teachers' health communication competence is a key factor in health promotion. Although health communication is a multidisciplinary field, medical practitioners are the primary focus of health communication research, whereas physical education teachers are marginalized. Therefore, this study proposes a theoretical model of health communication competence for physical education teachers. Methods: This qualitative research utilized interviews as the primary data collection method. Purposeful sampling was employed to select participants, including university teachers, primary and secondary school teachers, and health education professionals from diverse regions of China. A total of 31 participants were interviewed through two focus groups (N = 15) and individual semi-structured interviews (N = 16). Grounded theory was used to analyze and code the collected interview materials. Results: The health communication competence of physical education teachers consisted of three main categories, 10 subcategories, 30 concepts, and 240 statement labels. The three main categories were as follows: (i) foundations of health communication knowledge and skills (this category encompassed three subcategories, namely sport and health knowledge reserve, health beliefs, and health behaviors); (ii) health communication perception competence (this category included two subcategories, namely health risk and crisis perception competence and communication audience perception competence); and (iii) practical competence of health communication (this category consisted of five subcategories, namely language expression competence, organizational and design competence, utilization of new media tools competence, communication content selection and processing competence, and professional skills). Conclusion: The theoretical model of health communication competence in this study provides a foundation for the involvement of physical education teachers in health communication work. It can serve as a reference for the development of both pre-service health education courses and in-service training systems for physical education teachers. Future research can expand the sample size and geographic coverage to further validate the applicability of the findings. Additionally, investigating the factors influencing the formation of the identified competencies is recommended.

Identidade do professor de educação física: uma revisão narrativa da literatura / Physical education teacher identity: a narrative literature review

RESUMO O estudo identitário por muito tempo vem ganhando novos paradigmas, gerando inclusive crises identitárias. O objetivo do estudo foi encontrar publicações desta temática em estudos brasileiros, com a pretensão de discutir o processo de (re)construção da identidade do Professor de Educação Física. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura, para discutir junto as temáticas da Teoria conceituais da identidade, Contributos para a construção da identidade do professor, e a identidade do professor de Educação Física. Face aos achados, vale dizer que o cenário atual requer um debate mais reflexivo sobre o direcionamento e desenvolvimento da identidade profissional do professor de Educação Física. Em relação a literatura científica, ainda há muito a ser estudado, pois foi possível identificar algumas limitações nos estudos sobre identidade, como por exemplo, a falta de consenso sobre a definição e conceituação da identidade do professor de Educação Física, que podem dificultar a comparação e generalização de futuros resultados. Espera-se que pesquisadores e organizações públicas a privadas, se atentem aos cuidados necessários quanto à formação do docente, assim para qualquer desenvolvimento profissional, e que esses achados ganhem espaços nas discussões relacionadas a identidade profissional do professor de Educação Física.

ABSTRACT The identity study has long been gaining new paradigms, even generating identity crises. The aim of the study was to find publications on this theme in Brazilian studies, with the intention of discussing the process of (re)construction of the identity of the Physical Education Teacher. A narrative review of the literature was carried out, to discuss along with the themes of conceptual identity theory, contributions to the construction of teacher identity, and the identity of the physical education teacher. Given the findings, it is worth saying that the current scenario requires a more reflective debate on the direction and development of the professional identity of the physical education teacher. In relation to scientific literature, there is still much to be studied, as it was possible to identify some limitations in studies on identity, such as, for example, the lack of consensus on the definition and conceptualization of the identity of the physical education teacher, which may hinder comparison and generalization of future results. It is hoped that researchers and public and private organizations will pay attention to the necessary care regarding teacher training, as well as any professional development, and that these findings will gain space in discussions related to the professional identity of the physical education teacher.

Validity evaluation of teacher's core literacy questionnaire of public physical education.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a core literacy questionnaire for public physical education teachers in colleges and universities (TCLQ-PPE) to address the current lack of core literacy assessment tools for public physical education teachers in Chinese colleges and universities. The study measured the validity of the TCLQ-PPE questionnaire by collecting evidence of the validity of this questionnaire. Methods: An initial pool of items was obtained from existing research tools, literature, and expert opinion. An expert review panel evaluated its content. A subsequent validation process reduced the number of items in the item pool. A validated factor analysis of the TCLQ-PPE was performed using structural equation modeling. Results: The TCLQ-PPE consists of five dimensions (professional beliefs, professional knowledge and skills, sports skills, work and life adaptation and reflection, and work management), consisting of a total of 40 items. The factorial validity of the TCLQ-PPE was determined by the significant loadings of all items on their expected factors, showing good data model fit and good stability between two independent samples. The Cronbach's ɑ coefficient for each dimension was greater than 0.9. Conclusion: The TCLQ-PPE had sufficient evidence of validity. The development of the instrument showed evidence of validity for the content, response process, and internal structure.

Development of an Assessment of Ethics for Chinese Physical Education Teachers: A Study Using the Delphi and Expert Ranking Methods.

BACKGROUND: Developing the ethics of physical education (PE) teachers is important for promoting the overall development of students. However, it is unclear which indicators can be used to assess the ethics of PE teachers in China. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an assessment of ethics for Chinese physical education teachers (AECPET) using the Delphi and expert ranking methods. METHODS: Two rounds of the Delphi method were performed to develop the assessment. An expert ranking method was used to determine the weight of each domain and indicator. RESULTS: The developed AECPET is a multi-dimensional model with eight domains: (1) Policy Implementation (PI), (2) Legal Compliance and Patriotism (LCP), (3) Love for Students (LS), (4) Daily Performance (DP), (5) Philosophy of Educating Students (PES), (6) Attitude towards Scientific Research (ASR), (7) Awareness of Self-discipline and Honesty (ASH), and (8) Attitude towards Serving Society (ASS); and 42 indicators. The weight of PI, LCP, LS, DP, PES, ASR, ASH, and ASS are 18.1%, 19.1%, 16.2%, 11.1%, 16.3%, 7.2%, 9.1%, and 4.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The AECPET is an evaluating system constructed based on the perspective of Chinese PE teachers, which also has a potentially global perspective and can be used by PE teachers with different cultural views. Applied by the government, schools, PE teachers, and students, the AECPET can improve the level of ethics of Chinese PE teachers.

Association of Physical Educators' Socialization Experiences and Confidence with Respect to Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program Implementation.

Comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAPs) are recommended to support physical education (PE) and increase the amount of physical activity (PA) youth receive each day. However, adoption of CSPAPs in the United States is low. PE teachers are well positioned to lead the implementation of CSPAPs, but research is needed to better understand (a) PE teachers' confidence to assume the multiple roles involved with CSPAP implementation and (b) the factors that are associated with such confidence. This study examined PE teachers' role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) as a measure of PE teachers' CSPAP-related confidence and its association with seminal life experiences as framed within teacher socialization theory. A survey was emailed to a stratified-random sample of 2976 PE teachers and distributed on social media, garnering a total of 259 responses. Exploratory structural equation modeling supported a three-factor solution for teacher socialization variables (acculturation, professional socialization and organizational socialization), in line with the theoretical framework, and a single factor solution for RBSE. Professional socialization and organizational socialization were significant predictors of RBSE, and qualitative data from open-ended survey questions supported these relationships. The results highlight the importance of preservice teacher education and current employment contexts in PE teachers' CSPAP-related confidence.

Psychosocial Characters and Their Behavioural Indexes for Evaluation in Secondary School Physical Education Classes and Sports Club Activities.

The purpose of this study was to explore students' psychosocial characteristics presumably nurtured in school physical education (PE) and school sports club activities in Korea. In addition, this study attempted to investigate what actual behaviours for each characteristic are observed and could be evaluated. Previous studies related to secondary students' character development in school sports clubs and school PE classes were investigated at the initial stage, and then a panel of 3 experts and 4 host researchers reviewed and selected 9 characteristics and 30 behaviours. Two replicates of a modified Delphi analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with 25 and 50 PE teachers respectively were performed and reached 7 characteristics and 21 behavioural indexes and their hierarchy. The content validity ratio (CVR) for seven characteristics in two replicates of a modified Delphi analysis was 0.93. The highest CVR was 1.00 while the lowest was 0.68. The highest CVR among 21 behaviour indexes was 1.00 while the lowest was 0.52, which implied that all the characteristics and the behaviour indexes are valid. In the stage of AHP for each characteristic's hierarchy, "Earnestness" was ranked highest with a weight of 0.215, while "Leadership" was ranked lowest at 0.044 (consistency index and consistency ratio < 0.1). 'Disengaged observation/late in class,' 'helping peer,' and 'opinion coordination' shared the highest score at 0.091 while 'taking initiatives' was placed lowest with 0.010 in the list of 21 behaviour indexes. The results helped infer that PE teachers consider development of interpersonal characteristics and the level of articulation for behaviour indexes important.

A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Service-Learning on Physical Education Teacher Education Students.

Research examining Service-Learning (SL) in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) is ample. However, long-term investigations are still scarce and literature demands the application of this type of design to uncover the effects of SL on the long run. This study followed a longitudinal quantitative approach; thus, the participants completed the Civic Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire (CASQ) in three occasions (pretest-postest1-postest2). Results show that there exist significant differences between mean values of the global outcomes of the CASQ; concretely, there was an improvement in the first interval followed by a decrease in the second period. Regarding the different dimensions of the CASQ, leadership skills, attitudes towards social justice and attitudes towards diversity showed significant differences too. This research leads towards better understanding of methodological strategies promoting quality education, positing SL as an adequate possibility in this respect, also in the long term.

Iniciação científica e formação de professores: um estudo sobre os trabalhos de conclusão de curso de licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade de Brasíli / Scientific initiation and teacher education: a study about final monographs of the graduation course in Physical Education at the University of Brasília / Iniciación científica y formación de profesores: unestudio sobre lastesis de graduación de lacarrera de Educación Física enlaUniversidad de Brasilia

Inspirado pelo debate da formação em educação física e diante da necessidade de apresentar parte da realidadedo curso de licenciatura da Universidade de Brasília, o artigo teve como objetivo levantar dados acerca dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCC). Procurou-se selecioná-los entre 2016 e 2019, período que abarca a totalidade dos TCC produzidos no curso. Foram encontrados 116 trabalhos, sendo que 55,2% correspondem à temática da educação física escolar. Classificados segundo as categorias da fundamentação, intervenção e diagnóstico/descrição, os trabalhos relacionados à educação física escolar se apresentam desequilibrados, de forma que aproximadamente 70% correspondem a trabalhos de diagnóstico/descrição da realidade. Tal desequilíbrio e o pouco interesse dos estudantes no desenvolvimento por trabalhos de fundamentação teórica e de intervenção pedagógicaconflitua com a tradição científica da educação física escolar de forma que tais resultados põem dúvidas sobre os vínculos dos estudantes com o foco de atuação requerido pela licenciatura.

Inspired by the discussion on physical education scientific and because the necessity to present part of the reality of the graduate course at the University of Brasília, the article aimed to raise data about the Final Monograph (TCC). We tried to select them between 2016 and 2019, a period that covers all the TCC produced in the course. 116 studies were found, and 55.2% correspond to the topic of school physical education. It's classified according to the categories of theoretical foundation, intervention and diagnosis/description. These studies related to school physical education are unbalanced.Approximately 70% correspond to studies of diagnosis/description of reality. Such unbalance and the few interest of students in the development of studies of theoretical foundation and pedagogical intervention conflicts with the scientific tradition of school physical education, so that such results cast doubts on the students' links with the focus of action required by the degree.

Inspirado en el debate sobre la formación en educación física y dada la necesidad de presentar la realidad del curso de pregradoenlaUniversidad de Brasilia, el artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar datos sobre las tesis de graduación. Fueron seleccionados trabajos entre 2016 y 2019, período que reúne la producción total de tesis de graduación delcurso. Se encontraron 116 trabajos y el 55,2% corresponden a la temática de educación física escolar. Clasificado ssegún las categorías de fundamento, intervención y diagnóstico/descripción, enlostrabajos relacionados con la educación física escolar se encontró un cierto desequilibrio, de manera que aproximadamente el 70% corresponde a trabajos de diagnóstico/descripción. Tal desequilibrio y eles caso interés de los estudiantes por el desarrollo de trabajos de fundamentación teórica e intervención pedagógica opuesto a la tradición científica del área, fragiliza la necesaria vinculación de lo estudiantes con el enfoque de acción que requiere latitulación.

A complexidade e a criticidade dos processos colaborativos de longo prazo: autoestudo de um professor-pesquisador de educação física dentro de uma comunidade de saberes / La complejidad y criticidad de los procesos colaborativos a largo plazo: autoestudio de un profesor-investigador de educación física dentro de una comunidad de saberes / The complexity and criticality of long-term collaborative processes: self-study on one physical education teacher-researcher within a knowledge community

Tem havido um reconhecimento crescente de que os coletivos sociais, como as comunidades de saberes, apoiam a aprendizagem dos/as professores/as e aprimoram a prática docente. Concomitantemente, há poucas pesquisas sobre como essas comunidades se formam, sustentam-se ao longo do tempo, criam saberes e práticas profissionais e transformam a vida profissional de seus/as participantes. Abordamos essas lacunas neste artigo, recorrendo à metodologia de autoestudo para estruturar uma reflexão crítica das experiências de Luiz ao participar de um grupo autônomo de professores/as-pesquisadores/as que constituíram sua própria comunidade de saberes desde 2005. Por meio da amizade crítica, uma lente de pensamento da complexidade guiou a reflexão compartilhada sobre a experiência de Luiz nessa comunidade de saberes, considerando as conexões relacionais, as forças afetivas, as oportunidades de ação e as capacidades proativas que são continuamente reconfiguradas na natureza coletiva das comunidades de aprendizagem. Em conclusão, discutimos tanto a facilitação quanto o cultivo de processos colaborativos de longo prazo em direção a uma perspectiva complexa, crítica e socialmente justa da formação de professores/as de Educação Física. (AU)

Cada vez se reconoce más que los colectivos sociales, como las comunidades de saberes y redes de aprendizaje profesional, apoyan los/as docentes y mejoran sus prácticas. Al mismo tiempo, hay poca investigación sobre cómo se forman, se sostienen en el tiempo, crean saberes y prácticas profesionales y transforman la vida profesional de sus/as participantes. Abordamos estas brechas en este artículo, recurriendo a la metodología de self-study para estructurar una reflexión crítica de las experiencias de Luiz al participar en un grupo autónomo de profesores/as-investigadores/as que constituyeron su propia comunidad de saberes desde 2005. A través de la amistad crítica, un lente de pensamiento de la complejidad hay guiado la reflexión compartida sobre la experiencia de Luiz en la comunidad de saberes al considerar las conexiones relacionales, las fuerzas afectivas, las oportunidades de acción y las capacidades proactivas que se reconfiguran continuamente dentro de la naturaleza colectiva de las comunidades de aprendizaje. En conclusión, discutimos tanto la facilitación como el cultivo de procesos colaborativos de largo plazo hacia una perspectiva compleja, crítica y socialmente justa de la formación de profesores/as de educación física. (AU)

There has been increasing recognition that social collectives, such as knowledge communities, support teachers learning and enhancing practice. At the same time, there is little research on how such communities form, are sustained over time, create professional knowledge and practices, and transform the professional lives of their participants. We address these gaps in this paper by drawing on self-study methodology to structure a critical reflection of Luiz's experiences of participating in an autonomous group of teacher-researchers that constituted their own knowledge community since 2005. Through critical friendship, a complexity thinking lens guided the shared reflection on Luiz's experience in the knowledge community by considering the relational connections, affective forces, opportunities for action and agential capacities that are continually made and reconfigured within the collective nature of learning communities. In conclusion, we discuss both the facilitation and cultivation of long-term collaborative processes towards a complex, critical, and socially just perspective of PETE. (AU)