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1.
An. psicol ; 40(2): 242-253, May-Sep, 2024. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-232719

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La Escala de Fatiga de Chalder (CFS) es una escala breve para evaluar fatiga que se utiliza en España, pero que no ha sido validada en su población. El objetivo del estudio fue adaptar y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la CFS (Sp-CFS). Método: La muestra la conformaron 3,671 participantes (3.190 de la población general y 481 pacientes), con edades entre 18 y 86 años (M = 28.43; DT = 12.71), siendo el 67.6% mujeres. Las propiedades psicométricas de la escala se probaron en un diseño transversal utilizando validación cruzada (análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio) y estimación de la invarianza (sexo y condición clínica). Resultados: Un modelo de cuatro factores (baja energía, problemas de sueño, problemas de concentración y disfunción cognitiva subjetiva) en lugar de un modelo original de dos factores (fatiga física y mental) proporcionó mejores índices de bondad de ajuste a los datos. La consistencia interna y la estabilidad de la escala fueron excelentes. Su validez convergente se apoyó en su asociación significativa con la ansiedad, la depresión, el estrés y los síntomas positivos y negativos del espectro de la psicosis. El instrumento no mostró diferencias significativas entre sexos ni condiciones clínicas, y discriminó entre la población general y los pacientes, obteniendo estos últimos puntajes significativamente mayores. Conclusiones: Sp-CFS es una escala fiable y válida para medir la fatiga en población general y clínica española.(AU)


Objective:The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) is a brief self-report screening scale for fatigue that is used in Spain but has not been validated for the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to adapt and evalu-ate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the CFS (Sp-CFS). Method:The sample consisted of 3,671 participants (3,190 from the general population and 481 patients), aged 18 to 86 years (M=28.43; DT=12.71), 67.6% of whom were women. Psychometric properties of the scale were tested in a cross-sectional design using cross-validation (explora-tory and confirmatory factor analysis) and estimation of invariance (sex and clinical condition). Results:A four-factor model (low energy, sleep problems, concentration problems and subjective cognitive dysfunction) rather than an original two-factor model (physical and mental fatigue) pro-vided better indices of goodness of fit to the data. The internal consistencyand stability of the scale were excellent. Its convergent validity was sup-ported by its significant association with anxiety, depression, stress, and the positive and negative symptoms of the psychosis spectrum. The instru-ment did not show significant differences between sexes or clinical condi-tions, and it discriminated between the general population and the patients, with the latter obtaining significantly greater scores. Conclusions: Sp-CFS is a reliable and valid scale for measuring a transdiagnostic construct such as fatigue in Spanish general and clinical populations.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychometrics , Fatigue , Cognitive Dysfunction , Attention , Spain , Psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38902152

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dalbavancin as sequential therapy in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) due to gram positive bacteria (GPB) in a real-life heterogenous cohort with comorbid patients. METHODS: A single center retrospective cohort study including all patients with definite IE treated with dalbavancin between January 2017 and February 2022 was developed. A 6-month follow-up was performed. The main outcomes were clinical cure rate, clinical and microbiological relapse, 6-month mortality, and adverse effects (AEs) rate. RESULTS: The study included 61 IE episodes. The median age was 78.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 63.2-85.2), 78.7% were male, with a median Charlson comorbidity index of 7 (IQR 4-9) points. Overall, 49.2% suffered native valve IE. The most common microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (26.3%) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (21.3%). The median duration of initial antimicrobial therapy and dalbavancin therapy were 27 (IQR 20-34) and 14 days (IQR 14-28) respectively. The total reduction of hospitalization was 1090 days. The most frequent dosage was 1500mg of dalbavancin every 14 days (96.7%). An AE was detected in 8.2% of patients, only one (1.6%) was attributed to dalbavancin (infusion reaction). Clinical cure was achieved in 86.9% of patients. One patient (1.6%) with Enterococcus faecalis IE suffered relapse. The 6-month mortality was 11.5%, with only one IE-related death (1.6%). CONCLUSION: This study shows a high efficacy of dalbavancin in a heterogeneous real-world cohort of IE patients, with an excellent safety profile. Dalbavancin allowed a substantial reduction of in-hospital length of stay.

3.
San Salvador; MINSAL; jun. 20, 2024. 33 p. ilus, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1561687

ABSTRACT

El presente documento comprende los lineamientos técnicos, para su aplicación en los establecimientos donde funcionan las clínicas Vigilancia Centinela de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (VICITS), dando cumplimiento al Plan Estratégico Nacional Multisectorial de VIH e ITS 2022-2027, en el eje estratégico 2: "Continuo de la Prevención y Atención; componente 2.1 prevención para reducir la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo de VIH e ITS en poblaciones clave, en poblaciones vulnerables y la población en general.


This document includes the technical guidelines, for its application in the establishments where the Sentinel Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (VICITS) clinics operate, in compliance with the National Multisector Strategic Plan for HIV and STIs 2022-2027, in strategic axis 2 : "Continuum of Prevention and Care; component 2.1 prevention to reduce the vulnerability and risk of HIV and STIs in key populations, vulnerable populations and the population in general


Subject(s)
Vulnerable Populations , El Salvador , Epidemiological Monitoring
4.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38908716

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the tumor with the highest incidence in Spanish men. The implementation of health literacy and therapeutic education programs adapted to the needs of the population could be a resource to minimize the sequelae derived from the treatments used to combat this pathology. To this end, it would be necessary to know the level of health literacy about prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of health literacy in prostate cancer in the Spanish male population using the validated version of the PCKQ-12 for the Spanish population. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional, population-based, descriptive study. Spanish-speaking men of legal age were included. To carry out the study, an ad hoc questionnaire was designed on the Google Forms platform, which was distributed via WhatsApp. Previously, it was necessary to validate the PCKQ-12 to the Spanish population in two phases, a first phase for translation and cross-cultural adaptation and a second phase to test the measurement properties. RESULTS: The Spanish version of the PCKQ-12 showed good language, conceptual, semantic and content equivalence and could be used to assess health literacy in prostate cancer. Three hundred and seventy Spanish men with a mean age of 43.87 (SD 13.65) years responded to the questionnaire. The level of prostate cancer health literacy found was low (6.72 points), being 2 points higher in health men. CONCLUSION: Health literacy about prostate cancer in the Spanish male population is low.

5.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 81(2): 79-84, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38768510

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pilomatrixoma, also known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a benign cutaneous neoplasm that demonstrates differentiation towards the matrix portion of hair follicles. It is the most common benign cutaneous neoplasm in childhood and youth, although it can occur at any age. With a general incidence ranging from 0.001% to 0.0031% of all cutaneous tumors. There is a slight predilection for females, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.15:1. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study conducted using the electronic database of the dermatopathology department of Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital, from January 1992 to July 2023. Only cases with a histopathological diagnosis of pilomatrixoma, pilomatricoma, and Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma were included. RESULTS: A total of 200 pilomatrixomas were recorded in 177 patients. The tumor predominantly affected females in the pediatric age group, with an average age of 22.98 years in the studied population. The most common location was the head (periorbital region), followed by the upper extremities and trunk. Upon separating the population into pediatric and adult groups, 111 and 89 cases were identified, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We present a detailed study on pilomatrixomas with a comprehensive overview of the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of this benign cutaneous neoplasm. The results revealed robust statistical data highlighting the distribution by age, gender, topography, morphology, accompanying symptoms, and frequency of clinical differential diagnoses. This study significantly contributes to the existing knowledge of pilomatrixomas and serves as a valuable reference for future research and clinical practice.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El pilomatrixoma o epitelioma calcificado de Malherbe es una neoplasia cutánea benigna que muestra diferenciación hacia la porción de la matriz de los folículos pilosos. Es la neoplasia cutánea benigna más frecuente en la infancia y la juventud, aunque puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Tiene una incidencia general que oscila entre el 0.001% y el 0.0031% de todos los tumores cutáneos. Se reporta una ligera predilección por el sexo femenino, con una relación mujer: hombre de 1.15:1. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en el que se utilizó la base de datos electrónica del departamento de dermatopatología del Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, entre enero de 1992 y julio de 2023. Para la búsqueda de los casos solo se incluyeron aquellos con diagnóstico histopatológico de pilomatrixoma, pilomatricoma o epitelioma calcificado de Malherbe. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 200 pilomatrixomas en 177 pacientes. El tumor predominó en mujeres de edad pediátrica; el promedio de edad de la población estudiada fue 22.98 años. La topografía más frecuente fue la cabeza (región periorbitaria), seguida de las extremidades superiores y el tronco. Al separar la población en pediátricos y adultos, se encontraron 111 y 89 casos, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Presentamos un estudio detallado sobre pilomatrixomas con una visión exhaustiva de las características demográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas de esta neoplasia cutánea benigna. Los resultados revelaron datos estadísticos sólidos, destacando la distribución por edades, sexo, topografía, morfología, síntomas acompañantes y frecuencia de diagnósticos diferenciales clínicos. Este estudio contribuye significativamente al conocimiento existente sobre los pilomatrixomas y sirve como una referencia valiosa para futuras investigaciones y para la práctica clínica.


Subject(s)
Hair Diseases , Pilomatrixoma , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Pilomatrixoma/pathology , Pilomatrixoma/epidemiology , Female , Male , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent , Hair Diseases/epidemiology , Hair Diseases/pathology , Child, Preschool , Young Adult , Adult , Infant , Middle Aged , Sex Distribution , Incidence , Age Distribution
6.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38705747

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus greatly affected healthcare workers and healthcare systems. It also challenged schools and universities worldwide negatively affecting in-person education. We conducted this study is to assess the evolution of SARs-CoV-2 virulence over the course of the pandemic. METHODS: A combined cohort of University students in Spain and HCWs from the two hospitals in Spain, and one healthcare system in the Greater Boston area was followed prospectively from March 8th, 2020, to January 31st, 2022 for diagnosis with COVID-19 by PCR testing and related sequelae. Follow-up time was divided into four periods according to distinct waves of infection during the pandemic. Severity of COVID-19 was measured by case-hospitalization rate. Descriptive statistics and multivariable-adjusted statistics using the Poisson mixed-effects regression model were applied. As a sensitivity analysis, information on SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and COVID-19 deaths through May 30, 2023 from the Boston area was collected. RESULTS: For the last two periods of the study (January 1st to December 15th, 2021 and December 16th, 2021 to January 31st, 2022) and relative to the first period (March 8th to May 31st, 2020), the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of hospitalization were 0.08 (95% CI, 0.03-0.17) and 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.15), respectively. In addition, a relative risk 0.012 CI95% (0.012-0.012) was observed when comparing COVID-19 mortality versus SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/mL in Boston-area wastewater over the period (16th December 2021 to 30th May 2023) and relative to the first period. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of COVID-19 and immunity of our populations evolved over time, resulting in a decrease in case severity. We found the case-hospitalization rate decreased more than 90% in our cohort despite an increase in incidence.

7.
Conserv Biol ; : e14165, 2024 May 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38711380

ABSTRACT

The success of ponds constructed to restore ecological infrastructure for pond-breeding amphibians and benefit aquatic biodiversity depends on where and how they are built. We studied effects of pond and landscape characteristics, including connectivity, on metapopulation dynamics of 12 amphibian species in Switzerland. To understand the determinants of long-term occupancy (here summarized as incidence), environmental effects on both colonization and persistence should be considered. We fitted dynamic occupancy models to 20 years of monitoring data on a pond construction program to quantify effects of pond and landscape characteristics and different connectivity metrics on colonization and persistence probabilities in constructed ponds. Connectivity to existing populations explained dynamics better than structural connectivity metrics, and simple metrics (distance to the nearest neighbor population, population density) were useful surrogates for dispersal kernel-weighted metrics commonly used in metapopulation theory. Population connectivity mediated the persistence of conservation target species in new ponds, suggesting source-sink dynamics in newly established populations. Population density captured this effect well and could be used by practitioners for site selection. Ponds created where there were 2-4 occupied ponds within a radius of ∼0.5 km had >3.5 times higher incidence of target species (median) than isolated ponds. Species had individual preferences regarding pond characteristics, but breeding sites with larger (≥100 m2) total water surface area, that temporarily dried, and that were in surroundings with maximally 50% forest benefitted multiple target species. Pond diversity will foster amphibian diversity at the landscape scale.


Construcción de estanques para meta poblaciones de anfibios Resumen El éxito de los estanques construidos para restaurar la infraestructura ecológica para los anfibios que allí se reproducen y para beneficiar la biodiversidad acuática depende de en dónde y cómo se construyen. Estudiamos los efectos de las características de los estanques y el paisaje, incluida la conectividad, sobre la dinámica de las meta poblaciones de 12 especies de anfibios en Suiza. Se deben considerar los efectos ambientales sobre la colonización y la persistencia para entender las determinantes de la ocupación a largo plazo (resumida aquí como incidencia). Ajustamos los modelos dinámicos de ocupación a datos de 20 años de monitoreo de un programa de construcción de estanques para cuantificar los efectos de las características del estanque y el paisaje y las diferentes medidas de conectividad para las probabilidades de colonización y persistencia en los estanques construidos. La conectividad con las poblaciones existentes explicó mejor la dinámica que las medidas de conectividad estructural, mientras que las medidas simples (distancia a la población vecina más cercana, densidad poblacional) fueron sustitutos útiles para las medidas de dispersión ponderadas al núcleo que se usan con frecuencia en la teoría de meta poblaciones. La conectividad poblacional medió la persistencia de las especies a conservar en los estanques nuevos, lo que sugiere que hay dinámicas fuente­sumidero en las poblaciones recién establecidas. La densidad poblacional capturó muy bien este efecto y podría usarse para que los practicantes seleccionen sitios. Los estanques construidos en un radio de ≈0.5 km de dos a cuatro estanques ocupados tuvieron >3.5 más incidencia de las especies a conservar (mediana) que los estanques aislados. Las especies tuvieron preferencias individuales con respecto a las características de los estanques, aunque los sitios de reproducción con una mayor superficie total de agua (≥100 m2), que se secaban temporalmente y que estaban rodeados con un máximo de 50% de bosque beneficiaron a muchas especies a conservar. Por esto, la diversidad de estanques promoverá la diversidad de anfibios a escala de paisaje.

8.
Aten Primaria ; 56(10): 102946, 2024 May 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38701691

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the self-perception of nurses and general practitioners (GPs) toward Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) in Madrid Primary Health-Care (PHC). DESIGN: A survey-cohort study. SITE: Nurses and GPs of Madrid PHC System. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 319 GPs and 285 nurses' responders. MEASUREMENTS: Data were analyzed under a classification tree analysis by four predictor variables: (i) Health professional (Nurses/GPs); (ii) Exercise prescription collaboration with all health professionals: physicians, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, sports medicine physicians, sports scientists, nutritionists, and teachers (Yes/No); (iii) PA promotion collaboration with Sports Scientists (Yes/No); and (iv) The stage of change of PHC staff to PA promotion (0-4 Likert scale). RESULTS: Regarding the predictor variable (i), responders without PA guidelines knowledge and positive attitude to collaborate with nurses in PA promotion are more GPs of female sex (nurses n=33 and GPs n=175) than male sex (nurses n=3 and GPs n=59) (p<.001). For the predictor variable (ii) only 9.30% of PHC staff with a positive attitude to collaborate with all health professionals in PA promotion and exercise prescription. For the predictor variable (iii) was shown low collaboration with sports physicians and sports scientists under a multidisciplinary PAP approach (26.50% responders). Finally, in the predictor variable (iv) Staff maintaining PAP for at least 6 months, self-considered active, and with PAP knowledge want to collaborate with Sports scientists (Yes=233; No=133). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses and GPs are conscious of health-related PA benefits despite the lack of PAP knowledge and lack of willingness to collaborate with other health personnel, exercise professionals, and community resources available.

9.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 20(4): 193-198, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38644030

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different rheumatic diseases in geriatric patients are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To describe the physical characteristics of geriatric SF and the prevalence of crystals in knee and other joint aspirates from patients with previously diagnosed joint disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed with a baseline of 517 SF samples between 2011 and 2023. White blood cell count was performed by Neubauer chamber and crystals were identified by polarized light microscopy. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and prevalence was reported as a percentage. RESULTS: The mean age of the adults was 73.5±5.0 years, 54.4% were women and 45.6% were men. The mean SF volume was 6.3±9.5mL in older adults and 15.3±24.9mL in those younger than 65 years. The mean viscosity in older adults was 9.5±4.5mm and the mean leukocyte count was 7352±16,402leukocytes/mm3. Seventy percent of the older adults' SFs were referred to the laboratory for osteoarthritis (OA), with lower proportions for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (14.6%) and gout (5.1%). Of the crystals observed in the geriatric population, 14.6% corresponded to monosodium urate crystals (CUM) and 18.9% to calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of LS in older adults were smaller volume, increased viscosity, and non-inflammatory. The main diagnoses were OA, RA, and gout. The crystal content of the SF of the geriatric population corresponded mainly to CPP.


Subject(s)
Synovial Fluid , Humans , Synovial Fluid/chemistry , Aged , Male , Female , Retrospective Studies , Middle Aged , Gout/epidemiology , Aged, 80 and over , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Mexico/epidemiology , Leukocyte Count , Age Factors
10.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 20(4): 193-198, Abr. 2024. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-232372

ABSTRACT

Background: The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different rheumatic diseases in geriatric patients are scarce. Objective: To describe the physical characteristics of geriatric SF and the prevalence of crystals in knee and other joint aspirates from patients with previously diagnosed joint disease. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed with a baseline of 517 SF samples between 2011 and 2023. White blood cell count was performed by Neubauer chamber and crystals were identified by polarized light microscopy. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and prevalence was reported as a percentage. Results: The mean age of the adults was 73.5±5.0 years, 54.4% were women and 45.6% were men. The mean SF volume was 6.3±9.5mL in older adults and 15.3±24.9mL in those younger than 65 years. The mean viscosity in older adults was 9.5±4.5mm and the mean leukocyte count was 7352±16,402leukocytes/mm3. Seventy percent of the older adults’ SFs were referred to the laboratory for osteoarthritis (OA), with lower proportions for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (14.6%) and gout (5.1%). Of the crystals observed in the geriatric population, 14.6% corresponded to monosodium urate crystals (CUM) and 18.9% to calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP). Conclusions: The characteristics of LS in older adults were smaller volume, increased viscosity, and non-inflammatory. The main diagnoses were OA, RA, and gout. The crystal content of the SF of the geriatric population corresponded mainly to CPP.(AU)


Antecedentes: Las características del líquido sinovial (LS) en pacientes geriátricos varían en comparación con pacientes más jóvenes. En México, los datos epidemiológicos sobre la incidencia de diversas enfermedades reumáticas en el paciente geriátrico son escasos. Objetivo: Describir las características físicas del LS geriátrico y la prevalencia de cristales en aspirados de rodilla y otras articulaciones de pacientes con enfermedades articulares previamente diagnosticadas.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con una base de 517 muestras de LS entre 2011 y 2023. El recuento de glóbulos blancos se realizó con cámara de Neubauer, y los cristales se identificaron por microscopia de luz polarizada. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y la prevalencia se reportó como porcentaje. Resultados: La edad promedio en los adultos fue de 73,5±5,0 años; el 54,4% fueron mujeres y el 45,6%, hombres. El volumen promedio del LS en adultos mayores fue de 6,3±9,5ml, mientras que en menores de 65 años fue de 15,3±24,9ml. La viscosidad promedio fue de 9,5±4,5mm en los adultos mayores, y una cuenta de 7.352±16.402 leucocitos/mm3. El 70% de los LS de los adultos mayores fueron remitidos a laboratorio por osteoartritis (OA), u una proporción más baja, por artritis reumatoide (AR) (14,6%) y gota (5,1%). En cuanto a los cristales observados en los LS de la población geriátrica, el 14,6% correspondieron a cristales de urato monosódico (CUM) y el 18,9%, a cristales de pirofosfato de calcio (CPP). Conclusiones: Las características del LS en los adultos mayores fueron menor volumen, viscosidad incrementada y no inflamatorios. Los principales diagnósticos fueron OA, AR y gota. El contenido de los cristales en los LS de la población geriátrica correspondió principalmente a CPP.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Geriatrics , Synovial Fluid/microbiology , Osteoarthritis , Health of the Elderly , Rheumatology , Rheumatic Diseases , Retrospective Studies , Mexico
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558098

ABSTRACT

Los desafíos del envejecimiento de la población y la acumulación de daño oral nos obligan a desarrollar herramientas diagnosticas validas y confiables que nos permitan caracterizar a la población, evaluar sus necesidades terapéuticas, planificar intervenciones significativas y realizar seguimiento de su condición. Con este propósito realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura relevante para establecer una metódica secuencial para la validación de la herramienta diagnostica Examen Dental Preventivo del Adulto Mayor. Seleccionamos 48 artículos relevantes, cuya heterogeneidad impidió la realización de un metaanálisis. Sin embargo, los artículos seleccionados fueron sometidos a una síntesis cuantitativa analítica, que nos permitió identificar los dominios y estrategias relevantes para la validación y proponer un protocolo de cinco fases secuenciales que presentamos en extenso en el presente artículo.


The challenges of population aging and the accumulation of oral damage force us to develop valid and reliable diagnostic tools to characterize the population, evaluate their therapeutic needs, plan significant interventions, and monitor their condition post treatment. We carried out a systematic review of the relevant literature to establish a sequential method for the validation of the Preventive Dental Examination of the Elderly diagnostic tool. We selected 48 relevant articles, whose heterogeneity prevented us from performing a meta-analysis. However, the selected articles were subjected to an analytical quantitative synthesis, which allowed us to identify the relevant domains and strategies for validation and then propose a protocol of five sequential phases that we present in detail in this article.

12.
Rev. biol. trop ; 72(supl.1): e58623, Mar. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1559338

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 is a common echinoderm in intertidal regions along the Brazilian coast, which recently became the focus of unreported and unregulated fisheries. This study was carried out in sandy-rocky substrates at Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina (26o47' S; 48o36' W), near its southern limit of geographic distribution. Objective: To determine the densities (individuals*m-2) of Holothuria (H.) grisea within a spatial-temporal perspective as well as to determine biometric and growth characteristics of the population. Methods: Two-meter wide transects perpendicular to the coastline were carried out in winter and spring 2019 and in summer and spring 2020, in periods of spring low-tides. In each sampling occasion the total number of specimens of H. grisea were determined, and a group of 90 organisms was submitted to in situ biometrics (weight, length and width), and immediately returned alive to their habitat. Results: The densities of H. (H.) grisea were significantly higher in the subtidal sector and lower in the upper intertidal sector with no indication of significant differences among sampling campaigns. Depth was the primary factor explaining the observed density patterns and rugosity of the substrate was secondary but also important. The body length ranged from 5.2 to 22.5 cm, whereas the weight varied from 6.0 to 230 g. The mean and modal lengths were 12.54 and 13 cm, respectively. Approximately 75 % of the population sampled was between 10 and 14 cm and the average weight was 60 g. Estimates from von Bertalanffy growth function indicate that the youngest sea cucumber was one year-old, and the oldest had approximately two and a half years. Conclusions: This is the first study to determine biometric parameters for H. (H.) grisea in southern Brazil and the first one to estimate growth and age estimates for a wild population of this species. The densities recorded in the present study were lower than those previously reported for this region, suggesting anthropic influence.


Resumen Introducción: El pepino de mar Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 es un equinodermo común en las regiones intermareales a lo largo de la costa brasileña, que recientemente se convirtió en foco de pesquerías no declaradas y no reguladas. Este estudio se realizó en sustratos arenosos-rocosos en Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina (26o47' S; 48o36' W), cerca del límite sur de su distribución geográfica. Objetivo: Determinar las densidades (individuos*m-2) de Holothuria (H.) grisea dentro de una perspectiva espacio-temporal así como determinar las características biométricas y de crecimiento de la población. Métodos: Se realizaron transectos de dos metros de ancho perpendiculares a la línea de costa en invierno y primavera de 2019 y en verano y primavera de 2020, en periodos de bajamar sicigia. En cada ocasión de muestreo se determinó el número total de especímenes de H. (H.) grisea, y se sometió un grupo de 90 organismos a biometría in situ (peso, longitud y ancho), e inmediatamente se los devolvieron vivos a su hábitat. Resultados: Las densidades de H. (H.) grisea fueron significativamente más altas en el sector submareal y más bajas en el sector intermareal superior sin indicios de diferencias significativas entre las campañas de muestreo. La profundidad fue el factor principal que explica los patrones de densidad observados y la rugosidad del sustrato fue secundaria pero también importante. La longitud del cuerpo varió de 5.2 a 22.5 cm, mientras que el peso varió de 6.0 a 230 g. Las longitudes media y modal fueron 12.54 y 13 cm, respectivamente. Aproximadamente el 75 % de la población muestreada midió entre 10 y 14 cm y el peso promedio fue de 60 g. Estimados de la función de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy indican que el ejemplar más joven presentaba un año de edad, mientras el más viejo presentaba cerca de dos años y medio. Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio que determina parámetros biométricos para una población de H. (H.) grisea en el sur de Brasil y el primero en estimar el crecimiento y edades para una población salvaje de esta especie. Las densidades registradas en el presente estudio fueron inferiores a las reportadas previamente para esta región sugiriendo la ocurrencia de influencia antrópica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Population Dynamics , Holothuria/growth & development , Sampling Studies
13.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 81(1): 23-30, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38503324

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is one of the most frequent causes of intestinal failure, needing parenteral nutrition to maintain an energy-protein and water-electrolyte balance. At the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), the formation of two stomas is a technique used for intestinal rehabilitation, where the use of residue through the bypass technique (BT) helps to maintain gastrointestinal functionality, water-electrolyte, and nutritional stability. This study aimed to describe the technique of using intestinal residue through BT as a treatment strategy in intestinal rehabilitation and its effect on the biochemical and nutritional status of pediatric patients with SBS. METHODS: An analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in patients hospitalized at HIMFG with SBS who underwent BT during their hospital stay between 2019 and 2020 and then followed up for 8 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 24 months; 50% were female. BT was able to reduce the inflammatory process in the liver caused by the continuous use of parenteral nutrition; enteral caloric intake increased from 25.32 kcal/kg/day to 72.94 kcal/kg/day, but it was insufficient to improve their nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: BT is a safe and effective alternative in intestinal rehabilitation in patients with SBS to stimulate trophism and intestinal functionality, allowing a progression of enteral feeding and a decrease in the hepatic inflammatory process that occurs in these patients with prolonged parenteral nutrition.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) es una de las causas más frecuentes de insuficiencia intestinal que requiere del uso de nutrición parenteral para mantener un balance energético-proteico e hidroelectrolítico. En el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) la formación de dos estomas es una técnica empleada para la rehabilitación intestinal, donde con el aprovechamiento de residuo mediante la técnica de puenteo (TP) se ayuda a mantener la funcionalidad gastrointestinal, equilibrio hidro-electrolítico y estabilidad nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la técnica del aprovechamiento de residuo intestinal mediante TP como estrategia de tratamiento en la rehabilitación intestinal y su efecto en el estado bioquímico y nutricional de pacientes pediátricos con SIC. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico y retrospectivo en pacientes hospitalizados en el HIMFG con SIC en quienes se realizó la TP durante su estancia intrahospitalaria entre 2019 y 2020. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes en este estudio, con una edad promedio de 24 meses, y el 50% de sexo femenino. La TP logró disminuir el proceso inflamatorio hepático ocasionado por el uso continuo de nutrición parenteral; la ingesta calórica por vía enteral incrementó de 25.32 kcal/kg/día a 72.94 kcal/kg/día, pero fue insuficiente para mejorar el estado nutricional. CONCLUSIONES: La TP es una alternativa segura y efectiva en la rehabilitación intestinal en pacientes con SIC para estimular el trofismo y funcionalidad intestinal, permitiendo una progresión de la alimentación enteral y disminución del proceso inflamatorio hepático que se presentan en estos pacientes con nutrición parenteral prolongada.


Subject(s)
Short Bowel Syndrome , Humans , Child , Female , Child, Preschool , Male , Short Bowel Syndrome/surgery , Short Bowel Syndrome/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Jejunoileal Bypass/adverse effects , Mexico
14.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (60): 53-74, Mar. 2024.
Article in Portuguese | IBECS | ID: ibc-230472

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo discute os avanços e desafios das tecnologias de monitoramento em saúde de pessoas idosas e suas implicações na privacidade e confidencialidade dos dados coletados. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, fundamentado na literatura, com síntese narrativa. O texto contextualiza as demandas decorrentes do envelhecimento populacional e o uso de sensores e de outros dispositivos eletrônicos no monitoramento de atividades diárias de pessoas idosas em ambientes internos e externos. É importante ressaltar que os benefícios oferecidos pelas tecnologias não devem comprometer a privacidade e a confidencialidade dos dados. Para garantir isso, é necessário aprimorar os mecanismos regulatórios, estabelecendo padrões de segurança e princípios éticos para a proteção de dados pessoais, respeitando a privacidade e a confidencialidade dos dados.(AU)


L'article present discuteix els avenços i reptes de les tecnologies de monitoratge en salut de les persones majors i les seves implicacions en la privacitat i confidencialitat de les dades recopilades. Es tracta d'un estudi exploratori, fonamentat en la literatura, amb una síntesi narrativa. El text contextualitza les demandes derivades de l'envelliment de la població i l'ús de sensors i d'altres dispositius electrònics en el monitoratge de les activitats quotidianes de les persones majors en ambients interns i externs. És important destacar que els beneficis oferts per les tecnologies no han de comprometre la privacitat i la confidencialitat de les dades. Per garantir-ho, és necessari millorar els mecanismes reguladors, establint estàndards de seguretat i principis ètics pera la protecció de dades personals, respectant la privacitat i la confidencialitat de les dades.(AU)


El presente artículo discute los avances y desafíos de las tecnologías de monitorización en salud de personas mayores y sus implicaciones en la privacidad y confidencialidad de los datos recolectados. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, fundamentado en la literatura, con síntesis narrativa. El texto contextualiza las demandas derivadas del envejecimiento poblacional y el uso de sensores y otros dispositivos electrónicos en la monitorización de actividades diarias de personas mayores en ambientes internos y externos. Es importante resaltar que los beneficios ofrecidos por las tecnologías no deben comprometer la privacidad y confidencialidad de los datos. Para garantizar esto, es necesario mejorar los mecanismos reguladores, estableciendo estándares de seguridad y principios éticos para la protección de datos personales, respetando la privacidad y confidencialidad de los dato.(AU)


This article discusses the advances and challenges of health monitoring technologies for elderly individuals and their implications on the privacy and confidentiality of collected data. It is an exploratory study grounded in the literature, with a narrative synthesis. The text contextualizes the demands arising from the aging population and the use of sensors and other electronic devices in monitoring daily activities of elderly people in both indoor and outdoor environments. It is important to emphasize that the benefits offered by these technologies should not compromise the privacy and confidentiality of the data. To ensure this, it is necessary to enhance regulatory mechanisms by establishing security standards and ethical principles for the protection of personal data, while respecting privacy and data confidentiality.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Public Health Surveillance , Confidentiality , Information Technology , Telemedicine , Bioethics
15.
Cad. Ibero-Am. Direito Sanit. (Online) ; 13(1): 83-101, jan.-mar.2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538387

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar, sob um olhar bioético, a vulnerabilidade social referente à saúde durante o contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: foram incluídas publicações de 1º de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2020, revisadas por pares, identificadas nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e LILACS. Foram utilizados para realizar a busca na base Pubmed o termo MESH "COVID-19" conjugado com os termos: "vulnerable population", "population groups", "social determinants of health", "health equity". Os descritores DECS equivalentes em português e em espanhol dos termos MESH foram utilizados na busca nas outras duas bases. Resultados: de um total de 132 artigos, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram identificados 21 artigos elegíveis. Os temas mais abordados na amostra foram: vulnerabilidades referentes a pessoas idosas, raça, minorias étnicas, condições socioeconômicas precárias, gênero feminino, pessoas com deficiência e condições crônicas de saúde. Observou-se artigos abordando mais de uma temática, integrando aspectos diversos de populações vulneráveis. Com base nos dados encontrados foram feitas análise e discussão com foco em vulnerabilidade como conceito bioético, além de conexões com discriminação e determinação social da saúde. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para a violação de direitos explicitados na Declaração Universal de Bioética e Direitos Humanos. Ao aumentar a disparidade da morbimortalidade por COVID-19 de grupos populacionais já impactados pela determinação social da saúde, constata-se uma violação do direito à saúde, indicando que governos e sociedades falham em respeitar a vulnerabilidade de grupos sociais no contexto pandêmico.


Objective: to analyze, from a bioethical perspective, social vulnerability in relation to health during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study included peer-reviewed publications from January 1st until December 31st 2020, identified in Pubmed, SciELO and LILACS data basis. Mesh terms were utilized for research in Pubmed as follows: "COVID-19" conjugated with the terms: "vulnerable population", "population groups", "social determinants of health", "health equity". Portuguese and Spanish equivalents DECS terms were used for searching in the other two databases. Results: a total of 132 articles were found. After applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, were 21 eligible articles. The most recurrent themes were: racial, ethnic and social-economics, gender, age, disability and chronic health conditions. Articles addressing more than one theme were observed, integrating different aspects of vulnerable populations. A bioethical discussion with focus in vulnerability based in the data retrieved took place and connections with discrimination and social determinants of health were made. Conclusion: results point to the violation of rights explained in the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights. By increasing the disparity in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 of population groups already impacted by the social determination of health, there is a violation of the right to health, indicating that governments and societies fail to respect the vulnerability of social groups in the pandemic context.


Objetivo: analizar desde un punto de vista bioético, la vulnerabilidad social relacionada con la salud durante el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Metodología: se incluyeron publicaciones revisadas por pares del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2020, identificadas en las bases de datos Pubmed, SciELO y LILACS. Se utilizó el término MESH "COVID-19" para buscar en la base de datos Pubmed junto con los términos: "población vulnerable", "grupos de población", "determinantes sociales de la salud", "equidad en salud". Los descriptores DECS equivalentes en portugués y español de los términos MESH fueron utilizados en la búsqueda en las otras bases.Resultados: de un total de 132 artículos, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se identificaron 21 artículos. Los temas más discutidos fueron: vulnerabilidades relacionadas con los adultos mayores, raza (énfasis en personas negras), minorías étnicas, condiciones socioeconómicas precarias, género femenino, personas con discapacidad y condiciones crónicas de salud. Se observaron artículos que abordaban más de un tema, integrando diferentes aspectos de las poblaciones vulnerables. A partir de los datos encontrados, se realizó análisis y discusión con foco en la vulnerabilidad como concepto bioético, así como las conexiones con la discriminación y la determinación social de la salud. Conclusión: los resultados apuntan a la violación de los derechos explícitos en la Declaración Universal de Bioética y Derechos Humanos. Al aumentar la disparidad en la morbimortalidad por COVID-19 de grupos poblacionales ya impactados por la determinación social de la salud, se vulnera el derecho a la salud, indicando que los gobiernos y las sociedades no respetan la vulnerabilidad de los grupos sociales ante la pandemia.


Subject(s)
Health Law
16.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(1): [101436], ene.-feb. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229862

ABSTRACT

Introducción Las caídas deterioran la calidad de vida de los ancianos y el miedo a estas ha demostrado ser un factor de riesgo independiente para fragilidad, por lo que es prioritario disponer de herramientas para su evaluación. La escala ShortFalls Efficacy Scale-International (FES)-I, versión corta (siete ítems) de la escala FES-I (16 ítems), evalúa el miedo a caer (MC). El objetivo de este estudio es validar la escala Short FES-I en población española mayor de 70 años y analizar la relación entre el miedo a las caídas, el riesgo de las mismas y la fragilidad. Material y métodos Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal. La muestra consistió en 227 sujetos (50,7% varones; edad media 75,8 años). La ubicación fue en el norte de España. Las variables empleadas fueron sociodemográficas, clínicas, pruebas de ejecución Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) y Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), FES-I y Short FES-I. Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas: validez y fiabilidad. Resultados La escala Short FES-I muestra excelentes consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,90, coeficiente correlación intraclase = 0,89) y reproducibilidad test-retest (Rho Spearman = 0,76). Tiene una elevada validez de criterio concomitante analizada por su correlación con FES-I (Rho Spearman = 0,90). La validez de constructo discriminante ha sido confirmada tanto para SPPB como TUG. Short FES-I presenta buena capacidad de clasificación de fragilidad (definida por SPPB) con área bajo la curva [AUC] = 0,715; como punto de corte se propone un valor Short FES-I>8 para miedo moderado/alto de caídas. Conclusiones La escala Short FES-I es un buen instrumento para estudiar el miedo a las caídas en población española mayor de 70 años y es válida para su uso clínico y en investigación. (AU)


Introduction Falls deteriorate the quality of life of the elderly and the fear of falling has been shown to be an independent risk factor for frailty, so having tools for its evaluation is a priority. The short FES-I scale, short version (7 items) of the FES-I scale (16 items), assesses fear of falling. The objective of this study is to validate the short FES-I scale in the Spanish population over 70 years and to analyze the relationship between fear of falling, risk of falls and frailty. Material and methods Cross-sectional observational study. Sample: 227 subjects (50.7% male; mean age 75.8 years). Setting: northern Spain. Variables: sociodemographic, clinical, short physical performance battery (SPPB) and timed up and go test (TUG) execution tests, FES-I and short FES-I. Analysis of psychometric properties: validity and reliability. Results The short FES-I scale shows excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (rho Spearman = 0.76). It has a high concomitant criterion validity analyzed by its correlation with FES-I (rho Spearman = 0.90). The discriminant construct validity has been confirmed for both SPPB and TUG. Short FES-I presents good capacity for frailty classification (defined by SPPB) with AUC = 0.715. As a cut-off point, a short FES-I value > 8 is proposed for moderate/high fear of falling. Conclusions The short FES-I scale is a good instrument to study fear of falling in the Spanish population over 70 years and is valid for clinical and research use. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Accidental Falls , Fear , Frailty , Cross-Sectional Studies , Validation Studies as Topic , Spain
17.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(1): [101436], ene.-feb. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-480

ABSTRACT

Introducción Las caídas deterioran la calidad de vida de los ancianos y el miedo a estas ha demostrado ser un factor de riesgo independiente para fragilidad, por lo que es prioritario disponer de herramientas para su evaluación. La escala ShortFalls Efficacy Scale-International (FES)-I, versión corta (siete ítems) de la escala FES-I (16 ítems), evalúa el miedo a caer (MC). El objetivo de este estudio es validar la escala Short FES-I en población española mayor de 70 años y analizar la relación entre el miedo a las caídas, el riesgo de las mismas y la fragilidad. Material y métodos Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal. La muestra consistió en 227 sujetos (50,7% varones; edad media 75,8 años). La ubicación fue en el norte de España. Las variables empleadas fueron sociodemográficas, clínicas, pruebas de ejecución Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) y Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), FES-I y Short FES-I. Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas: validez y fiabilidad. Resultados La escala Short FES-I muestra excelentes consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,90, coeficiente correlación intraclase = 0,89) y reproducibilidad test-retest (Rho Spearman = 0,76). Tiene una elevada validez de criterio concomitante analizada por su correlación con FES-I (Rho Spearman = 0,90). La validez de constructo discriminante ha sido confirmada tanto para SPPB como TUG. Short FES-I presenta buena capacidad de clasificación de fragilidad (definida por SPPB) con área bajo la curva [AUC] = 0,715; como punto de corte se propone un valor Short FES-I>8 para miedo moderado/alto de caídas. Conclusiones La escala Short FES-I es un buen instrumento para estudiar el miedo a las caídas en población española mayor de 70 años y es válida para su uso clínico y en investigación. (AU)


Introduction Falls deteriorate the quality of life of the elderly and the fear of falling has been shown to be an independent risk factor for frailty, so having tools for its evaluation is a priority. The short FES-I scale, short version (7 items) of the FES-I scale (16 items), assesses fear of falling. The objective of this study is to validate the short FES-I scale in the Spanish population over 70 years and to analyze the relationship between fear of falling, risk of falls and frailty. Material and methods Cross-sectional observational study. Sample: 227 subjects (50.7% male; mean age 75.8 years). Setting: northern Spain. Variables: sociodemographic, clinical, short physical performance battery (SPPB) and timed up and go test (TUG) execution tests, FES-I and short FES-I. Analysis of psychometric properties: validity and reliability. Results The short FES-I scale shows excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (rho Spearman = 0.76). It has a high concomitant criterion validity analyzed by its correlation with FES-I (rho Spearman = 0.90). The discriminant construct validity has been confirmed for both SPPB and TUG. Short FES-I presents good capacity for frailty classification (defined by SPPB) with AUC = 0.715. As a cut-off point, a short FES-I value > 8 is proposed for moderate/high fear of falling. Conclusions The short FES-I scale is a good instrument to study fear of falling in the Spanish population over 70 years and is valid for clinical and research use. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Accidental Falls , Fear , Frailty , Cross-Sectional Studies , Validation Studies as Topic , Spain
18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 81(1): 23-30, Jan.-Feb. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557185

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is one of the most frequent causes of intestinal failure, needing parenteral nutrition to maintain an energy-protein and water-electrolyte balance. At the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), the formation of two stomas is a technique used for intestinal rehabilitation, where the use of residue through the bypass technique (BT) helps to maintain gastrointestinal functionality, water-electrolyte, and nutritional stability. This study aimed to describe the technique of using intestinal residue through BT as a treatment strategy in intestinal rehabilitation and its effect on the biochemical and nutritional status of pediatric patients with SBS. Methods: An analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in patients hospitalized at HIMFG with SBS who underwent BT during their hospital stay between 2019 and 2020 and then followed up for 8 weeks. Results: A total of 10 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 24 months; 50% were female. BT was able to reduce the inflammatory process in the liver caused by the continuous use of parenteral nutrition; enteral caloric intake increased from 25.32 kcal/kg/day to 72.94 kcal/kg/day, but it was insufficient to improve their nutritional status. Conclusions: BT is a safe and effective alternative in intestinal rehabilitation in patients with SBS to stimulate trophism and intestinal functionality, allowing a progression of enteral feeding and a decrease in the hepatic inflammatory process that occurs in these patients with prolonged parenteral nutrition.


Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) es una de las causas más frecuentes de insuficiencia intestinal que requiere del uso de nutrición parenteral para mantener un balance energético-proteico e hidroelectrolítico. En el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) la formación de dos estomas es una técnica empleada para la rehabilitación intestinal, donde con el aprovechamiento de residuo mediante la técnica de puenteo (TP) se ayuda a mantener la funcionalidad gastrointestinal, equilibrio hidro-electrolítico y estabilidad nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la técnica del aprovechamiento de residuo intestinal mediante TP como estrategia de tratamiento en la rehabilitación intestinal y su efecto en el estado bioquímico y nutricional de pacientes pediátricos con SIC. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico y retrospectivo en pacientes hospitalizados en el HIMFG con SIC en quienes se realizó la TP durante su estancia intrahospitalaria entre 2019 y 2020. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes en este estudio, con una edad promedio de 24 meses, y el 50% de sexo femenino. La TP logró disminuir el proceso inflamatorio hepático ocasionado por el uso continuo de nutrición parenteral; la ingesta calórica por vía enteral incrementó de 25.32 kcal/kg/día a 72.94 kcal/kg/día, pero fue insuficiente para mejorar el estado nutricional. Conclusiones: La TP es una alternativa segura y efectiva en la rehabilitación intestinal en pacientes con SIC para estimular el trofismo y funcionalidad intestinal, permitiendo una progresión de la alimentación enteral y disminución del proceso inflamatorio hepático que se presentan en estos pacientes con nutrición parenteral prolongada.

19.
Medisur ; 22(1)feb. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558534

ABSTRACT

El suicidio es un problema social y de salud pública persistente; cada año representa una crisis global que afecta a las sociedades contemporáneas. Una perspectiva psicopatológica dominante resume la comprensión actual. Sin embargo, la evidencia empírica sugiere que el suicidio es un fenómeno complejo, ambivalente y multidimensional, que implica aspectos sociales, económicos, culturales y educativos. Cada muerte por suicidio es un fracaso de la sociedad y políticas públicas. El propósito de este trabajo es ofrecer algunas razones para conceptualizar el suicidio como un problema social.


Suicide is a persistent social and public health problem; every year represents a global crisis that affects contemporary societies. A dominant psychopathological perspective summarizes current understanding. However, empirical evidence suggests that suicide is a complex, ambivalent and multidimensional phenomenon, involving social, economic, cultural and educational aspects. Every death by suicide is a failure of society and public policies. The purpose of this work is to offer some reasons to conceptualize suicide as a social problem.

20.
Medisur ; 22(1)feb. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558543

ABSTRACT

Fundamento el aumento de la incidencia del cáncer bucal constituye un problema de salud mundial, por ello surge la necesidad de realizar acciones educativas que tributen a la prevención de la enfermedad desde edades tempranas. Objetivo evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa sobre cáncer bucal y su prevención en estudiantes de un centro preuniversitario. Métodos se realizó un estudio preexperimental, de intervención educativa, con diseño preprueba/posprueba, en el periodo comprendido entre noviembre de 2021 a mayo de 2022. Se trabajó con la totalidad del universo, el cual estuvo constituido por 125 estudiantes de la escuela Roberto Rodríguez, del municipio Morón, Ciego de Ávila. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados el 52,0 % de los participantes perteneció al sexo femenino. La media de edad para ambos sexos fue de 15,86 ± 1,053 años. El 36,8 % cursaba el onceno grado. Se determinaron inadecuados niveles de información en la etapa diagnóstica en cuanto a: generalidades (96,0 %), factores de riesgo (91,2 %), autoexamen bucal (96,0 %) y medidas de promoción y prevención (95,2 %). Después de aplicada la intervención se logró elevar el nivel cognoscitivo hasta un 97,6 %, 99,2 %, 96,8 % y 99,2 % respectivamente. El test de McNemar arrojó resultados significativos (p = 0,000; p < 0,05). Conclusiones se logró una modificación estadísticamente significativa de la información en cada uno de los encuestados, por lo que se pudo inferir que la intervención educativa resultó efectiva.


Foundation the increase in the incidence of oral cancer constitutes a global health problem, there is a need to carry out educational actions that contribute to the prevention of the disease from an early age. Objective to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on oral cancer and its prevention in students from a pre-university center. Methods a pre-experimental educational intervention study was carried out, with a pre-test/post-test design, from November 2021 to May 2022. The entire universe was studied, 125 students from the Roberto Rodríguez School in Morón municipality, Ciego de Ávila. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results 52.0% of the participants were female. The mean age for both sexes was 15.86 ± 1.053 years. 36.8% were in eleventh grade. Inadequate levels of information were determined in the diagnostic stage in terms of: generalities (96.0%), risk factors (91.2%), oral self-examination (96.0%) and promotion and prevention measures (95.2%). %). After applying the intervention, the cognitive level was raised to 97.6%, 99.2%, 96.8% and 99.2% respectively. The McNemar test showed significant results (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusions a statistically significant modification of the information was achieved in each of the respondents, so it could be inferred that the educational intervention was effective.

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