Political Efficacy and Health Policy Advocacy among nurses as mediated by Political Astuteness

INTRODUCTION@#Nurses' expertise and recommendations from nurses are essential sources of opinions and recommendations for policy development. Nurses must be actively involved in politics, and nursing could play an essential role in shaping health policy. However, the influence of political efficacy, political astuteness, and health policy advocacy exposes a gap in the current knowledge.@*DESIGN AND METHODS@#The study utilized descriptive correlational design and mediating analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select six hospitals in Ghana, and simple random sampling was used to select five hundred and seventy-nine nurses. The study used the Political Efficacy Scale, Social Justice Advocacy Scale, and the Political Astuteness Inventory. The data were analyzed by mean and Standard deviation, Pearson coefficient, ANOVA, and GLS mediation.@*RESULTS@#Nurses in Ghana had a low political efficacy and health policy advocacy. Moreover, political astuteness had moderate astuteness. A Pearson Correlation coefficient showed a moderately significant positive relationship between political efficacy and health policy advocacy. Furthermore, political astuteness and health policy advocacy showed a statistically significant low positive relationship. There was no significant difference in political efficacy and health policy advocacy when age, academic qualification, nurses' rank, and years of professional experience were considered. Political astuteness partially mediated the relationship between political efficacy and health policy advocacy.@*CONCLUSION@#Nurses in Ghana have limited belief in their ability to understand and affect politics and have limited participation in healthcare advocacy initiatives. Furthermore, nurse respondents have the adequate ability of a nurse to understand political knowledge, political participation, and legislative understanding to advocate health policies.

The influence of occupational values on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants: The mediating role of political efficacy.

At present, civil servant positions have become the main employment target of many college students in China, and there is a deep motivation behind this phenomenon. This research conducted an empirical study on college students in 2022 with 566 valid data by using the convenience sampling method. The occupational values scale, political efficacy scale, and the willingness to apply for civil servants scale were used. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and common method deviation were performed by SPSS 26.0 to test the reliability of each scale and the discriminant validity of variables. In addition, the structural equation model and bias-corrected bootstrap were used to explore the influence of occupational values on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants and analyze the mediating role of political efficacy. The results show that: (1) The dimensions of career stability, prestige value, and public service motivation of occupational values have significant positive impacts on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants, among which public service motivation has the most significant impact. (2) Occupational values have significant positive impacts on college students' political efficacy. (3) Political efficacy has a significant positive impact on the college students' willingness to apply for civil servants. (4) Political efficacy plays a partial mediating role in the transmission path of occupational values and willingness to apply for civil servants. These findings further clarify the logical relationship between occupational values and civil servants' willingness, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for college educators to implement college students' career education.

Social Capital, Political Efficacy and Chinese Residents' Willingness to Participate in Food Safety Governance.

Residents play an important role as one of the main actors in food safety governance. To build a pattern of food safety risk co-governance, the positive and effective participation of residents is vital. This study first establishes a comprehensive analysis framework combining social capital theory and political efficacy theory. Data from a survey of 714 residents in Shandong Province, China, were analysed through structural equation modelling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the causal relationship between residents' willingness to participate and its driving factors. The results indicated that: (1) reciprocity norm, institutional trust and social engagement have significant positive effects on willingness to participate; (2) political efficacy has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between social capital and willingness to participate; (3) fsQCA findings have four solutions to achieving residents' strong willingness to participate; reciprocity norm, institutional trust and political efficacy are the core elements that affected residents' high willingness to participate, whereas social engagement and sociodemographic variables are the non-core variables. Therefore, we put forward suggestions for improving residents' willingness to participate in food safety governance, including improving the appeal expression and feedback mechanism, cultivating residents' social capital and paying attention to the superposition effect of social capital and political efficacy.

Socio-political efficacy explains increase in New Zealanders' pro-environmental attitudes due to COVID-19.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic claimed millions of lives and caused unprecedented disruptions. Despite these negative impacts, there is optimism the pandemic may shift public opinion on other global crises by fostering a sense of collective efficacy. Using propensity score matching to compare New Zealanders assessed before (n =12,304) and after (n = 12,370) nationwide lockdowns in 2020, we tested a preregistered mediation model with COVID-19 lockdown experience predicting increases in pro-environmental attitudes via enhanced socio-political efficacy. As hypothesized, socio-political efficacy increased after the successful nationwide lockdowns. In turn, socio-political efficacy amplified respondents' pro-environmental attitudes including climate beliefs and concern, as well as support for a government subsidy for public transport and opposition to government spending on new motorways. The pandemic also enhanced respondents' satisfaction with the quality of the natural environment, which was unmediated by socio-political efficacy. The crisis might offer an opportunity to foster collective pro-environmental actions.

Factores de personalidad y variables mediadoras en su relación con la participación política de estudiantes universitarios/as / Personality traits and mediating variables in their relationship with the political participation of colleges students

Resumen El trabajo busca validar un modelo teórico predictivo que analiza los efectos directos e indirectos de los factores de personalidad (según el modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores) sobre la participación política (PP), incorporando variables de la hipótesis de la mediación: valores políticos, auto posicionamiento ideológico, eficacia política interna e interés por la política. Se aplicó un cuestionario a N=555 estudiantes universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina, y se realizaron correlaciones bivariadas y un análisis de caminos con las variables en estudio. El trabajo confirma la relación directa de Extraversión y el auto posicionamiento ideológico con la PP, aunque evidencia que los factores de personalidad presentan sobre todo efectos indirectos en la PP, mediados en primer lugar por valores políticos, luego interés por la política, y finalmente la eficacia política interna.

Abstract The paper's main goal is to validate a predictive theoretical model that analyzes the direct and indirect effects of personality factors (according to the Big Five Factors model) on political participation (PP), incorporating variables from the mediation hypothesis: political values, ideological self-placement, internal political efficacy and interest in politics. A questionnaire was applied to N=555 college students from Córdoba, Argentina, and bivariate correlations and path analysis were performed with the variables under study. The study confirms the direct relationship of Extraversion and ideological self-positioning with PP, although it shows that personality factors have mostly indirect effects on PP, mediated first by political values, then interest in politics, and finally the internal political efficacy.

When and why does political trust predict well-being in authoritarian contexts? Examining the role of political efficacy and collective action among opposition voters.

Previous research indicates that trust in the political system increases well-being. Drawing from prior collective action research, we posit that a) the relationship between political trust and well-being would be mediated by collective action participation (mediation hypothesis) and b) political efficacy would moderate the indirect effect of political trust on well-being through collective action participation (moderated mediation hypothesis). In two studies (N = 704), we tested these relationships among opposition voters in Turkey before two highly contested elections. The findings of Study 1 showed a significant indirect effect of political trust on well-being through collective action participation and supported our mediation hypothesis. However, unlike democratic contexts, the relationship between collective action and well-being was negative. In addition, we did not find support for our moderated mediation hypothesis. In Study 2, we used more nuanced measures of political efficacy (voting efficacy and online/offline protest efficacy) and collective action (both offline and online collective action). In addition to replicating the findings of Study 1 with respect to the mediatory role of collective action participation (but only for online collective action participation), Study 2 again did not support our moderated mediation hypotheses with respect to the four moderators. Results highlight the importance of online and offline collective action among ideologically marginalized people with low trust in the political system in maintaining well-being.

How Does Government Information Service Quality Influence Public Environmental Awareness?

The development of public environmental awareness has been an essential part of environmental governance in China and a prerequisite for the emergence of conscious environmental behaviors. However, the deeper factors influencing Chinese public environmental awareness are not yet fully understood. In this study, the perception of environmental pollution and the sense of political efficacy were introduced as variables to establish a public environmental awareness model, at the perception level, from the perspective of government information service quality. The correlations between different variables, as well as the working principles, were analyzed based on national environmental survey data. The results demonstrate that both external (the government information service quality) and psychological (the perception of environmental pollution and the sense of political efficacy) factors have significant positive influences on public environmental awareness, with the sense of political efficacy outperforming the perception of environmental pollution and the government information service quality. Analysis of the mediating effect reveals that government information service quality directly influences public environmental awareness; it also indirectly influences public environmental awareness through a chained mediating effect of the perception of environmental pollution and the sense of political efficacy. The results of the multiple-group analysis, with gender and urban-rural attributes as moderator variables, further show that, compared with men and urban residents, the impact of government information service quality and environmental pollution perception on women and rural people's political efficacy is not significant. Therefore, it is suggested to optimize the government information service, improve the public's perception of environmental pollution, and then promote the public's sense of efficacy in the environment governance situation. Furthermore, the government should formulate differentiated strategies for different types of public to guide them to form a proactive awareness of environmental protection.

Involvement in health policy and political efficacy among hospital nurses in Jordan: A descriptive survey.

AIM: The aims of this study were to (a) examine the levels of nurses' political efficacy and involvement in health policy; and (b) explore the relationships between political efficacy, involvement in health policy and participants' background variables. BACKGROUND: Nurses as citizens and health care providers have the right to express their opinions and beliefs in regard to issues that are concerned with the health care system or the public health domain. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional design using was utilized. A self-administered questionnaire (Political Efficacy Scale & Involvement in Health Policy Scale) was completed by a convenience sample of 302 nurses. RESULTS: The results of this study showed low levels of involvement in health policy and political efficacy, and a positive weak correlation between political efficacy and involvement in health policy. The perceived level of political efficacy was associated positively with nurses' age and experience. CONCLUSIONS: Nurse administrators and managers may empower, support and encourage nurses to enhance their involvement in health policy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The findings have implications for nursing leaders and administrators to design appropriate strategies to enhance nurses' involvement in health policy development.

Testing the Social Identity Model of Collective Action Longitudinally and Across Structurally Disadvantaged and Advantaged Groups.

Although the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) demonstrates that identity, efficacy, and injustice are key correlates of collective action, longitudinal tests of these causal assumptions are absent from the literature. Moreover, most collective action research focuses on disadvantaged groups' responses to injustice, with few studies examining what motivates advantaged groups to protest. We address these oversights using nationally representative longitudinal panel data to investigate SIMCA among members of disadvantaged (N = 2,574) and advantaged (N = 13,367) groups. As hypothesized, identity predicted increases in injustice, efficacy, and collective action support over time. In turn, injustice (but not efficacy) mediated the longitudinal association between identity and collective action support. Notably, results were largely consistent across disadvantaged and advantaged groups. Thus, we provide the first demonstration that identity temporally precedes collective action across objectively disadvantaged and advantaged groups, but identify complexities regarding the role of efficacy in protest.

Means-Tested Public Assistance Programs and Adolescent Political Socialization.

In recent years, scholars have pointed to the politically demobilizing effects of means-tested assistance programs on recipients. In this study, we bridge the insights from policy feedback literature and adolescent political socialization research to examine how receiving means-tested programs shapes parent influence on adolescent political participation. We argue that there are differences in pathways to political participation through parent political socialization and youth internal efficacy beliefs for adolescents from households that do or do not receive means-tested assistance. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 536 Black, Latino, and White adolescents (50.8% female), we find that adolescents from means-tested assistance households report less parent political socialization and political participation. For all youth, parent political socialization predicts adolescent political participation. Internal political efficacy is a stronger predictor of political participation for youth from a non-means-tested assistance household than it is for youth from a household receiving means-tested assistance. These findings provide some evidence of differential paths to youth political participation via exposure to means-tested programs.

Political Efficacy and Participation of Nurse Practitioners.

Twenty-eight states have laws and regulations limiting the ability of nurse practitioners (NPs) to practice to the full extent of their education and training, thereby preventing patients from fully accessing NP services. Revisions to state laws and regulations require NPs to engage in the political process. Understanding the political engagement of NPs may facilitate the efforts of nurse leaders and nursing organizations to promote change in state rules and regulations. The purpose of this study was to describe the political efficacy and political participation of U.S. NPs and gain insight into factors associated with political interest and engagement. In the fall of 2015, we mailed a survey to 2,020 NPs randomly chosen from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners' database and 632 responded (31% response rate). Participants completed the Trust in Government (external political efficacy) and the Political Efficacy (internal political efficacy) scales, and a demographic form. Overall, NPs have low political efficacy. Older age ( p≤.001), health policy mentoring ( p≤.001), and specific education on health policy ( p≤.001) were all positively associated with internal political efficacy and political participation. External political efficacy was not significantly associated with any of the study variables. Political activities of NPs are largely limited to voting and contacting legislators. Identifying factors that engage NPs in grassroots political activities and the broader political arena is warranted, particularly with current initiatives to make changes to state laws and regulations that limit their practice.

Effects of physical attractiveness on political beliefs.

Physical attractiveness is an important social factor in our daily interactions. Scholars in social psychology provide evidence that attractiveness stereotypes and the "halo effect" are prominent in affecting the traits we attribute to others. However, the interest in attractiveness has not directly filtered down to questions of political behavior beyond candidates and elites. Utilizing measures of attractiveness across multiple surveys, we examine the relationship between attractiveness and political beliefs. Controlling for socioeconomic status, we find that more attractive individuals are more likely to report higher levels of political efficacy, identify as conservative, and identify as Republican. These findings suggest an additional mechanism for political socialization that has further implications for understanding how the body intertwines with the social nature of politics.

Efectos de los medios sociales en la eficacia política, capital social y participación política de los jóvenes universitarios en México y Colombia

En los últimos años se han incrementado los estudios académicos sobre los efectos de los medios sociales en la participación política convencional. Existen dos dimensiones que aparecen de manera constante en esta línea de investigación emergente: la construcción del capital social y el sentimiento de eficacia política. En el presente estudio se compara a dos grupos de jóvenes universitarios de dos diferentes países latinoamericanos (México y Colombia) en torno a sus respuestas de acciones que confirman su sentimiento de eficacia política, así como los elementos que les permiten construir capital social con la ayuda de los medios sociales. De igual manera, se lleva a cabo una relación de estos conceptos con su participación dentro y fuera de línea. Respecto a las conclusiones, no se encontraron grandes variaciones entre los dos grupos que participaron en el estudio. No obstante, los resultados confirman una tendencia que ha aparecido en otros estudios similares: la participación política dentro y fuera de línea tiene una fuerte relación entre sí, así como con los constructos de capital social y eficacia política.

Academic studies on the effects of social media on conventional political participation have increased in recent years. There are two dimensions that appear constantly in this line of emerging research: the construction of social capital and the sentiment of political efficacy. In this study, two groups of university students from different Latin American countries (Mexico and Colombia) are compared around their responses of actions that confirm their sentiment of political efficacy, as well as the elements that allow them to construct social capital with the help of the media, social. In the same way, these concepts are related to their participation inside and outside social media. Among the conclusions we found that there were no great variations between the two groups that participated in the study. However, the results confirm a trend that has been identified in other similar projects: political participation inside and outside social media has a strong relationship with each other, as well as with the constructs of social capital and political efficiency.

Os estudos acadêmicos sobre os efeitos das mídias sociais na participação política convencional aumentaram nos últimos anos. Existem duas dimensões que aparecem constantemente nessa linha de investigação emergente: a construção do capital social e o sentimento de eficacia política. Este estudo compara dois grupos de estudantes universitários de dois países latinoamericanos diferentes (México e Colômbia) em torno de suas respostas a ações que confirmam seu senso de eficacia política, bem como os elementos que lhes permitem construir capital social com a ajuda das mídias sociais. Da mesma forma, esses conceitos estão relacionados á sua participação dentro e fora da linha. Entre as conclusões, descobrimos que não houve grandes variações entre os dois grupos que participaram da pesquisa. Não obstante o que precede, os resultados confirmam uma tendência que foi identificada em outras pesquisas similares: a participação política dentro e fora da linha tem uma forte relação entre si, assim como com as construções de capital social e eficacia política.

How Internal Political Efficacy Translates Political Knowledge Into Political Participation: Evidence From Germany.

This study presents evidence for the mediation effect of political knowledge through political self-efficacy (i.e. internal political efficacy) in the prediction of political participation. It employs an action theoretic approach-by and large grounded on the Theory of Planned Behaviour-and uses data from the German Longitudinal Election Study to examine whether political knowledge has distinct direct effects on voting, conventional, and/or unconventional political participation. It argues that political knowledge raises internal political efficacy and thereby indirectly increases the chance that a citizen will participate in politics. The results of mediated multiple regression analyses yield evidence that political knowledge indeed translates into internal political efficacy, thus it affects political participation of various kinds indirectly. However, internal political efficacy and intentions to participate politically yield simultaneous direct effects only on conventional political participation. Sequentially mediated effects appear for voting and conventional political participation, with political knowledge being mediated by internal political efficacy and subsequently also by behavioural intentions. The mediation patterns for unconventional political participation are less clear though. The discussion accounts for restrictions of this study and points to questions for answer by future research.

Na semana das eleições: Uma análise da motivação eleitoral baseada na identidade nacional e na eficácia política / The week before elections: an analysis of the voting motivations based on national identity and political efficacy

Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar a motivação eleitoral dos Brasileiros com base na identificação nacional e na sua percepção de eficácia política, na semana que antecedeu as eleições de 5 de Outubro. Participaram no estudo 253 Brasileiros/as (120 do sexo masculino e133 do sexo feminino) entre os 18 e os 69 anos (M = 20.27, DP = 13.01), recrutados voluntariamente através de email e redes sociais. Os resultados mostraram que a motivação paravotar resulta de uma identificação nacional positiva, sendo esta relação mais forte nos indivíduos com elevados índices de eficácia política interna. Para além disso, a motivação para votar estátambém associada a uma avaliação positiva da Presidente da República, e a um sentimento de eficácia política externa. No global, estes resultados permitem compreender melhor algumasperceções e motivações do eleitorado Brasileiro, e sugerem que a participação eleitoral está associada a um clima de confiança e satisfação...

This study aimed to analyze Brazilians’ voting motivation, based on their national identification and perception of political efficacy, on the week before October 5th’s national elections. 253 Brazilians (120 male and 133 female), aged between 18 and 69 years old (M =20.27, SD = 13.01), participated in this research. Participants were volunteers, recruited by email and social networks. Results indicate that voting motivation is an outcome of a positive nationalidentification, and that this relation is stronger among those who report higher levels of internal political efficacy. Moreover, voting motivation is also associated with a positive evaluation of the Brazilian President, and with a greater perception of external political efficacy. In general, these results allow for a better understanding of perceptions and motivations of Brazilian electorate,and suggest that voting participation is linked to a general climate of satisfaction and confidence...

Na semana das eleições: Uma análise da motivação eleitoral baseada na identidade nacional e na eficácia política / The week before elections: an analysis of the voting motivations based on national identity and political efficacy

Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar a motivação eleitoral dos Brasileiros com base na identificação nacional e na sua percepção de eficácia política, na semana que antecedeu as eleições de 5 de Outubro. Participaram no estudo 253 Brasileiros/as (120 do sexo masculino e133 do sexo feminino) entre os 18 e os 69 anos (M = 20.27, DP = 13.01), recrutados voluntariamente através de email e redes sociais. Os resultados mostraram que a motivação paravotar resulta de uma identificação nacional positiva, sendo esta relação mais forte nos indivíduos com elevados índices de eficácia política interna. Para além disso, a motivação para votar estátambém associada a uma avaliação positiva da Presidente da República, e a um sentimento de eficácia política externa. No global, estes resultados permitem compreender melhor algumasperceções e motivações do eleitorado Brasileiro, e sugerem que a participação eleitoral está associada a um clima de confiança e satisfação. (AU)

This study aimed to analyze Brazilians’ voting motivation, based on their national identification and perception of political efficacy, on the week before October 5th’s national elections. 253 Brazilians (120 male and 133 female), aged between 18 and 69 years old (M =20.27, SD = 13.01), participated in this research. Participants were volunteers, recruited by email and social networks. Results indicate that voting motivation is an outcome of a positive nationalidentification, and that this relation is stronger among those who report higher levels of internal political efficacy. Moreover, voting motivation is also associated with a positive evaluation of the Brazilian President, and with a greater perception of external political efficacy. In general, these results allow for a better understanding of perceptions and motivations of Brazilian electorate,and suggest that voting participation is linked to a general climate of satisfaction and confidence. (AU)

Political Interest, Political Efficacy, and Media Usage as Factors Influencing Political Participation in Hospital Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify how political interest, efficacy and media usage influence political participation in hospital nurses. METHODS: Participants were 286 nurses, who were informed of the study purpose and agreed to participate. Data were collected during November and December, 2012 using a questionnaire on political interest, political efficacy, media usage and political participation. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Multiple Stepwise Regression. RESULTS: Scores for political participation and political interest was average. The score for political efficacy was higher than average. Political participation was significantly different by education level, job career, position, and intention to vote in the election for the 18th President. Political participation had a moderate positive correlation with political interest (r=.50, p<.001), political efficacy (r=.32, p<.001) and media usage (r=.14, p=.022). Political interest (beta=.43) was the factor most influential on political participation, explaining 25% of the variance. A total of 32% of political participation was explained by political interest, political efficacy, and TV news or SNS for media use. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it is necessary to develop strategies to promote political interest and political efficacy for hospital nurses to improve political participation.

Perfiles sociocognitivos de la participación política de los jóvenes / Sociocognitive profiles of the political participation of youth

El estudio analiza la capacidad discriminante de las variables interés en la política, conocimiento político, eficacia política y confianza política entre diferentes modos de participación política de los jóvenes de la ciudad de Córdoba/Argentina (no participación, participación política convencional y no convencional). Un total de 300 jóvenes de 18 a 30 años, seleccionados por muestreo no aleatorio, intervino voluntariamente del estudio. El conjunto de variables psico-sociales analizadas fue sometido a un análisis discriminante para tres grupos. Los resultados obtenidos aportan un modelo que destaca el poder discriminante de las variables socio-cognitivas más relevantes asociadas a la participación política de los jóvenes, con excepción de la eficacia política externa y la confianza política, y discute perfiles sociocognitivos de jóvenes cordobeses participantes en política.(AU)

The main purpose of the research is to establish the discriminant power of political interest, political knowledge, political efficacy and political confidence among the different modes of political participation (non-participation, conventional participation and non-conventional participation) of young people in Córdoba/Argentina. 300 young people from 18 to 30 years old - choiced by a non random sampling - give his consent to participate in the study. A discriminant analysis with 3-groups was applied to all the psycho-social variables. The obtained results allow developing a model in wich all sociocognitives variables (but external efficacy and political confidence) have a good discriminatory power of the different modes of political participation. Furthermore, the paper discusses differentiated sociocognitives profiles of young people who participate in politics.(AU)