Communicating Nutritional Knowledge to the Chinese Public: Examining Predictive Factors of User Engagement on TikTok in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify content variables that theoretical research suggests should be considered as strategic approaches to facilitate science communication with the public and to assess their practical effects on user engagement metrics. METHODS: Data were collected from the official Chinese TikTok account (Douyin) of the Nutrition Research Institute of China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corporation, China's largest state-owned food processing conglomerate. Dependent variables included likes, shares, comments, subscription increases. Independent variables encompassed explanation of jargon (metaphor, personification, science visualization), communication remarks (conclusion presence, recommendation presence), and content themes. Descriptive analysis and negative binomial regression were employed, with statistical significance set at 0.05. RESULTS: First, subscription increases were positively associated with personification (p < 0.05, 0.024) and science visualization (p < 0.01, 0.000). Second, a positive relationship existed between comments and communicator recommendations (p < 0.01, 0.000), while presenting conclusions negatively correlated with shares (p < 0.05, 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Different strategies yielded improvements in various engagement metrics. This can provide practical guidance for communicators, emphasizing the need to balance scholarly presentation with sustaining appealing statistics.

Impact of using virtual avatars in educational videos on user experience.

Popularization of knowledge is of considerable importance and necessity, and traditional knowledge popularization activities suffer from high cost and low acceptance, which affect their effectiveness and coverage. Applying virtual avatars to educational videos may be an effective way to solve the problem. This study investigates the impact of applying virtual avatars to educational videos on user experience. Constructed a model of the impact of user experience on educational videos with virtual avatars, collected data from the target population, and analyzed it empirically. The video quality and virtual avatar expressiveness dimensions of the influencing factors have a significant positive effect on the learning effect, emotional experience and user engagement dimensions of user experience; the content quality dimension of the influencing factors has a significant negative effect on the three dimensions of user experience. The video quality and virtual avatar expressiveness dimensions of the influencing factors have a significant positive effect on the learning effect, emotional experience and user engagement dimensions of user experience; the content quality dimension of the influencing factors has a significant negative effect on the three dimensions of user experience.

A Critical Discussion on the Connotation of Children’s Subjectivity in Health Management / 中国医学伦理学

The discussion on the connotation of children’s subjectivity is not only a response to the lack of children’s subjectivity at the current stage of health management, but also a reference for children’s medical science popularization. Based on the perspective of social critical theory, this study used empirical research methods to review the "Dream Medical College" project of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University. The current situation and influencing factors of health management experience of 1 520 children participating in the "Dream Medical College" project were analyzed. The study showed that 96.35% of 1 316 subjects had diagnosis and treatment experience in specialized hospitals, and the overall negative emotional performance was at a low level (0~12 points). There was significant correlation between diagnosis and treatment, invasive experience and children’s emotional performance (P<0.05). The study revealed that the diagnosis and treatment field is the main practice place of children’s health management, while the subjective of children with different diagnosis and experience perform significantly different. Children over 4 years old have better language anxiety than physical anxiety when receiving diagnosis and treatment. Although medical science popularization is an important practical form of children’s health management, it lacks the science popularization content of invasive diagnosis and treatment and emotional management, and creative popular science form is more suitable for children with long-term and frequent diagnosis and treatment experience.

Inventing the language of Things: the emergence of scientific reporting in seventeenth-century England.

As a style of writing and a form of communication, the modern scientific report enables the creation, sharing and continuous updating of natural knowledge in such a manner that the idiosyncrasies of ordinary language are reduced to a minimum. This article examines how the standards for scientific reporting were 'born' in the seventeenth century and their legacy. The first part of the article reviews the existing literature on this topic. The second part outlines the key features of the scientific report and the common standards for scientific reporting. The third part presents detailed historical evidence to trace the emergence of these standards in seventeenth-century England. The final part discusses why the scientific report means so much for the progress of science, for understanding the history of science and science popularization, and even for the development of academia more generally.

Public's preferences for health science popularization short videos in China: a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Health science popularization short video disseminates health information to the public in an understandable way about health information. Objective: To investigate the preferences of Chinese residents for health science popularization short videos and provide suggestions for optimizing the production of short videos. Methods: An online survey of Chinese people was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to explore the public's preferences for health science popularization short videos. Results: A total of 618 respondents were included, of which 306 (45.51%) were male and 312 (50.49%) were female, 271 (43.85%) were aged 18-25, 239 (38.67%) were aged 26-60, and 108 (17.48%) were aged 60 and above. Whether the video is charged or not (46.891%) and the account subject (28.806%) were both considered important. The results of the DCE revealed that the participants considered video free of charge as the most significant attribute of health science popularization short videos (OR 3.433, 95% CI 3.243-3.633). Overall, participants preferred and were more willing to pay for health science popularization short videos with a hospital account subject (OR 1.192, 95% CI 1.116-1.274), with the form of graphic narration (OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.003-1.126), free of charge (OR 3.433, 95% CI 3.243-3.633), with the content that satisfies their needs (very much needed: OR 1.253, 95% CI 95% CI 1.197-1.311; generally needed: OR 1.078, 95% CI 1.029-1.129), with platform certification (OR 1.041, 95% CI 1.011-1.073), without commercial advertisements (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.018-1.080), with simple-to-understand content (OR 1.071, 95% CI 1.040-1.104), and with video content that evokes fear or dread of illness in the viewer (OR 1.046, 95% CI 1.015-1.078). Conclusion: Participants favor free health popularization short videos, which are hospital accounts, with content that is illustrated, understandable, meets their needs, and can serve as a warning. In the future, the production of health popularization short videos should focus on improving the diversity and relevance of video content, making it as easy to understand to achieve good science popularization effects.

Science across the Meiji divide: Vernacular literary genres as vectors of science in modern Japan.

Histories of Japanese science have been integral in affirming the Meiji Restoration of 1868 as the starting point of modern Japan. Vernacular genres, characterized as "premodern," have therefore largely been overlooked by historians of science, regardless of when they were published. Paradoxically, this has resulted in the marginalization of the very works through which most people encountered science. This article addresses this oversight and its historiographical ramifications by focusing on kyuri books - popular works of science - published in the years following the Restoration, when there was unprecedented public interest in science. It asks, what if we take these kyuri books on their own terms as science books, just as those of the time saw them? This article explores three genres of kyuri books, namely fictionalized formats, such as the epic tale (monogatari); epistolary guides; and genres, such as the sutra, that drew on religious textual practices. It argues that these literary genres provided interpretive frameworks that shaped readers' encounters with "modern" science. This exploration underscores the importance of engaging with vernacular genres to understand the emergence of science as a global category in the nineteenth century.

1-3-7 surveillance and response approach in malaria elimination: China's practice and global adaptions.

There has been a significant reduction in malaria morbidity and mortality worldwide from 2000 to 2019. However, the incidence and mortality increased again in 2020 due to the disruption to services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveillance to reduce the burden of malaria, eliminate the disease and prevent its retransmission is, therefore, crucial. The 1-3-7 approach proposed by China has played an important role in eliminating malaria, which has been internationally popularized and adopted in some countries to help eliminate malaria. This review summarizes the experience and lessons of 1-3-7 approach in China and its application in other malaria-endemic countries, so as to provide references for its role in eliminating malaria and preventing retransmission. This approach needs to be tailored and adapted according to the region condition, considering the completion, timeliness and limitation of case-based reactive surveillance and response. It is very important to popularize malaria knowledge, train staff, improve the capacity of health centres and monitor high-risk groups to improve the performance in eliminating settings. After all, remaining vigilance in detecting malaria cases and optimizing surveillance and response systems are critical to achieving and sustaining malaria elimination.

Investigation and analysis of Chinese public's cognition for clinical research. / ä¸­å›½å ¬ä¼—å¯¹ä¸´åºŠç ”ç©¶è®¤çŸ¥æƒ å†µçš„è°ƒæŸ¥ä¸Žåˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical research plays a vital role in disease research and population health. The public is the main source of clinical research volunteers. Understanding the public's cognition of clinical research plays a decisive role in the development of clinical research. This study aims to understand the Chinese public's cognition for clinical research and the influencing factors. METHODS: The questionnaire based on Chinese-translated Public Awareness of Research for Therapeutic Advancements through Knowledge and Empowerment (PARTAKE) was used to investigate the public's cognition for clinical research. RESULTS: Of the 2 513 valid respondents, 91.84% had heard of "clinical research", 91.76% of the respondents believed that clinical research was beneficial to society, 65.90% were willing to participate in clinical research, 87.50% believed that confidentiality was a very important thing, 73.70% believed that their personal information had been protected when participating in clinical research, and, 46.40% did not know whether volunteers participating in clinical research could receive adequate compensation. Educational levels, employment status, and annual income impacted in public perceptions of willingness to participate in clinical research, especially in privacy protection, informed consent, whether clinical research is intended for society, compensation for clinical research, and safety of clinical research (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese public's cognition level for clinical research is acceptable, but there is still a lot of room for improvement in privacy protection, informed consent, and compensation. By designing a reasonable knowledge training program for clinical research and using the multimedia, improving access to the relevant knowledge, more public will know about clinical research recruitment information, which is of great significance for the development of clinical research in China.

The Shift and Way Out for Health Science Popularization Lectures in the New Media Era / 中国医学伦理学

Currently, the public’s concern for health has unprecedentedly increased, while some institutions find it difficult to carry out health lectures. Overall, health lectures play an important role, but they face some practical challenges at the operational level, involving lecture objectives, public demands, communication methods, dissemination channels, and foothold methods. In the era of new media, health science popularization lectures are still an effective means of persuasion today, but traditional lecture methods need to be endowed with new connotations, and made shifts and adjustments. Health science popularization lectures should make the following shifts. First, the lecture objectives should turn to "extensive use", stepping out of the limitations of popular science knowledge, and promoting the public to proactively seek health knowledge and information. Second, the lecture content should turn to the integration of physical and mental, designing courses from the perspective of physical and mental, enhancing communication among people, and promoting trust between individuals. Third, the lecture effect should turn to enjoyment, breaking the prejudice against the lecture effect and taking the enjoyment and interest stimulation as the important goal of health science popularization. Fourth, the speaker should turn to "professionalization", establishing a team of professional health lecturers. At the operational level, it is necessary to strictly control the entry and exit of health lecturers to create a lecture brand, segment the audience to organize homogeneous audiences, tell good stories and enhance emotional narration, plan holistically and achieve full-media three-dimensional communication, and scientifically evaluate and emphasize long-term effects.

Investigation and analysis of Chinese public 's cognition for clinical research / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Clinical research plays a vital role in disease research and population health. The public is the main source of clinical research volunteers. Understanding the public's cognition of clinical research plays a decisive role in the development of clinical research. This study aims to understand the Chinese public's cognition for clinical research and the influencing factors.@*METHODS@#The questionnaire based on Chinese-translated Public Awareness of Research for Therapeutic Advancements through Knowledge and Empowerment (PARTAKE) was used to investigate the public's cognition for clinical research.@*RESULTS@#Of the 2 513 valid respondents, 91.84% had heard of "clinical research", 91.76% of the respondents believed that clinical research was beneficial to society, 65.90% were willing to participate in clinical research, 87.50% believed that confidentiality was a very important thing, 73.70% believed that their personal information had been protected when participating in clinical research, and, 46.40% did not know whether volunteers participating in clinical research could receive adequate compensation. Educational levels, employment status, and annual income impacted in public perceptions of willingness to participate in clinical research, especially in privacy protection, informed consent, whether clinical research is intended for society, compensation for clinical research, and safety of clinical research (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Chinese public's cognition level for clinical research is acceptable, but there is still a lot of room for improvement in privacy protection, informed consent, and compensation. By designing a reasonable knowledge training program for clinical research and using the multimedia, improving access to the relevant knowledge, more public will know about clinical research recruitment information, which is of great significance for the development of clinical research in China.

Psychological status and correlation between anxiety and science literacy of medical staff under the public health emergency / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundIn public health emergencies， medical staff undertake many important tasks. Having a good mental health status and capability in popularization of science can improve the work efficiency of medical staff， and thus enhancing the public's trust and support for medical care. ObjectiveTo investigated the anxiety， insomnia and security level of medical staff under the public health emergency， and to explore the correlation between anxiety and capability in popularization of science of them. MethodsFrom June 1 to September 1， 2020， a total of 588 medical staff in Sichuan Province were investigated through the Questionnaire Star platform. The survey included a self-designed general information questionnaire， the Psychological Security-Insecurity Questionnaire （S-I）， Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Athens Insomnia Scale （AIS） and science popularization questionnaire during the COVID-19 epidemic. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation among SAS， S-I and AIS scores， as well as the correlation between SAS and the science popularization questionnaire during the COVID-19 epidemic. ResultsDuring the public health emergency， the S-I score of the medical staff was （27.46±9.20）， with 21 cases （3.57%） having a low level of security. The SAS score was （44.21±9.57）， with 208 cases （35.37%） having anxiety symptoms. The AIS score was （11.40±5.25）， with 450 cases （76.53%） suffering from insomnia. Correlation analysis showed that SAS score was negatively correlated with S-I score （r=-0.640， P<0.01）， while positively correlated with AIS score （r=0.618， P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between the degree of usage about medical staff's science popularization tool and SAS score （r=-0.501~-0.185， P<0.01）. The use of science popularization channels was negatively correlated with anxiety （r=-0.510~-0.232， P<0.05 or 0.01）. There was a negative correlation between the level of trust to popularization of science and medical staff anxiety （r=-0.548~-0.338， P<0.01）. ConclusionUnder the public health emergency， the detection rates of anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders among medical staff are high， and anxiety is negatively correlated with medical staff's capability in popularization of science. ［Funded by Sichuan Mianyang Psychological Growth Guidance and Research Center for Minors Funded Project （number， SCWCN2020YB11）］.

Investigation and analysis of the current usage status of OTC drug among Inner Mongolian residents / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current usage status of OTC drug among residents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， and to provide evidence for the science popularization of rational drug use. METHODS By approximate random sampling， the questionnaire survey was conducted with the mini-apps Questionnaire Star among the residents aged 19 and above from 7 league or cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to investigate the current situation of OTC drug use in the region. RESULTS A total of 611 people filled in the questionnaire， and 571 people filled in the questionnaire effectively， with an effective filling rate of 93.45%. According to the results， 18.7% of residents said they did not understand the concept of OTC drugs， 36.1% of residents said they did not know the OTC drug label， and 65.3% of residents did not know the difference between class A and B OTC drugs in terms of OTC drug awareness. And there were statistically significant differences in the scores of OTC drug awareness among different genders， education levels， monthly income and places of residence （P＜0.05）. When choosing OTC drugs， 23.5% of residents still believed in advertisements or friends’ recommendations； 14.5% of the residents did not read the drug instructions carefully before taking drugs. In terms of drug risk， 5.1% of residents had long-term use of OTC drugs； 8.6% of residents reported taking three or more OTC drugs； 2.1% of residents often added other drugs with the same effect or increased the dosage by themselves. They took traditional Chinese medicine， Mongolian medicine and other preparations while taking OTC drugs， accounting for 19.6%， 22.6% and 13.0% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Residents in Inner Mongolia have low awareness of OTC drugs， and their habits of drug use need to be improved. Repeated drug use and overdose drug use are serious， it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and popularization of rational use of OTC drugs.

Effect of Continuous Nursing Model Based on WeChat Public Health Education on Self-Management Level and Treatment Compliance of Stroke Patients.

Background: To analyze the effect of continuous nursing model based on WeChat public health education on self-management level and treatment compliance of stroke patients. Methods: Overall, 98 stroke patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000,China from Feb 2018 to Feb 2019 were enrolled as the research objects. They were randomly and equally divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received routine nursing management model while the experimental group received continuous nursing model based on WeChat public health education to compare the self-management level, treatment compliance, life quality and other indexes between the two groups. Results: The overall self-management level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The life quality scores in both groups after nursing intervention increased, and the scores in the experimental group after nursing intervention were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). The total treatment compliance rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.001). After nursing intervention, the readmission rate and complication rate in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of continuous nursing model based on WeChat public health education for stroke patients can significantly enhance the self-management level, improve the cognitive level on stroke related-health knowledge, improve treatment compliance of patients in the nursing process, promote their physical and mental health, improve the life quality and effectively reduce the complication rate and readmission rate.

Uso da história em quadrinhos como ferramenta de divulgação do conhecimento sobre Anisakis spp. e formas de prevenção da anisaquíase, em evento de divulgação científica / Use of comics as a tool to disseminate knowledge about Anisakis spp. and ways of preventing anisakiasis, in a scientific divulgation event / Uso del cómic como herramienta para difundir conocimientos sobre Anisakis spp. y formas de prevenir la anisakiasis, en un evento de divulgación científica

As narrativas visuais, como os quadrinhos, são ferramentas populares que podem contribuir para a edu-cação e a comunicação científica para diferentes públicos. Dentro dessa perspectiva, este trabalho discute o uso de quadrinhos na disseminação do conhecimento sobre a segurança alimentar de peixes em um evento de divulgação científica. Para a ocasião, foi criada uma história, que enfatizou o conceito sobre Anisakisspp. e as metodologias de prevenção da anisaquíase. O enredo envolveu participantes de todas as idades, sugerindo fortemente que os quadrinhos são cativantes e funcionam como uma ferramenta de aprendizado, podendo contribuir para a alfabetização científifica da população, levando à promoção da saúde em níveis individual e coletivo. Destaca-se aqui a importância da produção de novos conhecimentos, que ampliem o diálogo das áreas da saúde, da ciência e da tecnologia com a sociedade. Além disso, torna-se urgente aumentar os investimentos e promover a formação avançada e continuada de divulgadores da ciência.

Visual narratives, like comics, are popular tools that can contribute to science education and communi-cation for different audiences. Within this perspective, this work discusses the use of comics in the dis-semination of knowledge about fish food safety in a scientific dissemination event. For the occasion, a story was created, which emphasized the concept of Anisakis spp. and methodologies for the prevention of anisakiasis. The plot involved participants of all ages, strongly suggesting that comics are captivating and function as a learning tool, which can contribute to the scientific literacy of the population, leading to health promotion at an individual and collective levels. We highlight the importance of producing new knowledge that expands the dialogue between the areas of health, science and technology with society. Furthermore, it is urgent to increase investments and promote advanced and continuous training for science disseminators

Las narrativas visuales, como los cómics, son herramientas populares que pueden contribuir a la educación científica y la comunicación para diferentes públicos. Dentro de esta perspectiva, este trabajo discute el uso de las historietas en la difusión del conocimiento sobre la seguridad alimentaria de los peces en un evento de divulgación científica. Para la ocasión, se creó una historia, que enfatizó el concepto de Anisakis spp. y las metodologías para la prevención de la anisakiasis. La trama involucró a participantes de todas las edades, lo que sugiere fuertemente que los cómics son cautivadores y funcionan como una herramienta de aprendiza-je, que puede contribuir a la alfabetización científica de la población, lo que lleva a la promoción de la salud a los niveles individual y colectivo. Se destaca aquí la importancia de producir nuevos conocimientos, lo que amplía el diálogo entre las áreas de la salud, la ciencia y la tecnología con la sociedad, además, es urgente incrementar las inversiones y promover la formación avanzada y continua de los divulgadores de la ciencia

Struggling for survival: The popularization of Darwinism and the elite's fight for power in Franco's Spain (1939-1967).

In the late 1940s in Spain, a group of young scholars, most of them newly appointed university lecturers, gained control of Arbor, the promotional journal of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC: The Spanish National Research Council), the institution that General Franco had founded after the Spanish Civil War (1936-9) to organize Spanish science. This group constituted the intellectual core of the more reactionary, Catholic traditionalist faction of Franco's regime, and they coveted greater political power, in competition with other factions of the regime. Lacking the opportunity to launch an overt political campaign within a dictatorship, the group started a fight for the cultural conquest of Spain. In this cultural struggle for hegemony, journals, magazines, cultural associations, publishing houses, newspapers, and cultural centers became their weapons. By analyzing this faction's views on and activities within the popularization of science, particularly regarding theories of evolution, this article argues that popular discourse on science played a critical role in the cultural struggle both as a "safe" channel in which to forward their claims and as a tool to gather popular attention through topics of general interest. A covert political campaign was conducted through the popularization of science and this, in turn, fueled the construction of a public sphere for science in a dictatorial context. Scientific popularization became a much-appreciated tool to achieve cultural hegemony and, as such, it also became a central element in constructing and legitimating the ideological foundations of Franco's regime.

Introduction: Science popularization, dictatorships, and democracies.

The study of science popularization in dictatorships, such as Franco's regime, offers a useful window through which to review definitions of controversial categories such as "popular science" and the "public sphere." It also adds a new analytical perspective to the historiography of dictatorships and their totalitarian nature. Moreover, studying science popularization in these regimes provides new tools for a critical analysis of key contemporary concepts such as nationalism, internationalism, democracy, and technocracy.

Societal impact of university research in the written press: media attention in the context of SIUR and the open science agenda among social scientists in Flanders, Belgium.

Transferring scientific knowledge to non-academic audiences is an essential aspect of the open science agenda, which calls for scholars to pursue a popularization of their research. Accordingly, purposefully introducing scientific insights to the public at large is almost univocally deemed commendable. Indeed, in today's models of research evaluation, the objects and activities considered are being extended beyond peer-reviewed journal articles to include non-scholarly popular communication. Although altmetrics offer one instrumental way to count some interactions with lay audiences, their reliance on social media makes them susceptible to manipulation, and mostly reflect circulation among niche audiences. In comparison, attention from non-scholarly media like newspapers and magazines seems a more relevant pathway to effectuate societal impact, due to its recognition in qualitative assessment tools and its broad, societal reach. Based on a case study of social scientists' attention by newspapers and magazines in Flanders (northern Dutch-speaking region of Belgium) in 2019, this paper highlights that frequent participation in the public debate is reserved for high-status researchers only. Results show highly skewed media appearance patterns in both career position and gender, as eight male professors accounted for almost half of all 2019 media attention for social scientists. Because media attention is highly subject-dependent moreover, certain disciplines and fields offer easier pathways to popularization in media than others. Both the open science agenda and research assessment models value presence of researchers in popular media, adding written press attention to existing evaluation assessments however would disproportionately disadvantage early career researchers and exacerbate existing inequalities in academia. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11192-022-04374-x.

Afterword: Science popularization, dictatorships, and democracies.

This Afterword to the special section on Science Popularization in Francoist Spain draws general conclusions from its case studies. Most overarchingly, the different contributions show that popularization existed under this dictatorial regime, and hence does not require a Habermasian liberal-democratic public sphere. Four more specific lessons are also drawn, each shedding new light on either science popularization or dictatorial regimes. (1) Popularization has not only been a way to promote science, it has also been used to prop up dictatorial regimes by associating them with things scientific. (2) Totalitarian regimes are much less monolithic than they appear to be at the surface; they often harbor internal weaknesses and conflicts. (3) The study of science popularization in dictatorships can help open our eyes for comparable forms of propaganda in democracies. (4) Totalitarianism is best understood not as a universal phenomenon, but in its specific historical situatedness. Studying science popularization under Franco brings out the specific traits of this regime: the legacy of the Civil War, Spanish regionalism, and the international dependencies of the Francoist state.