No pain, no gain revisited: the impact of positive and negative psychotherapy experiences on treatment outcome.

Objective: Psychotherapy may have many benefits for patients with mental health problems, but patients may also have negative experiences related to the therapy. Not much is known about these negative psychotherapy experiences and their impact on treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the association between positive and negative psychotherapy experiences and treatment outcome. Methods: A total of 130 patients participated in the study. They received treatment as usual and were assessed for positive and negative psychotherapy experiences at mid-treatment and post-treatment using the Positive and Negative Experiences of Psychotherapy Questionnaire (PNEP). Treatment outcome was measured by the Outcome Questionnaire - 45 (OQ-45). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: All patients reported positive psychotherapy experiences at mid-treatment. At least one negative experience was reported by 69% of participants. After correction for baseline severity (i.e., OQ-45 at baseline) and relevant demographic variables, positive psychotherapy experiences at mid-treatment emerged as a predictor for treatment outcome. In contrast, negative psychotherapy experiences did not predict treatment outcome. However, reporting more negative experiences was associated with reporting fewer positive experiences at mid- and end of treatment. Conclusion: Both positive and negative psychotherapy experiences commonly occur. Although in this study negative psychotherapy experiences did not predict treatment outcome in terms of symptom reduction, the findings do suggest that negative experiences may influence the way in which patients evaluate their treatment. Although positive experiences outweigh negative experiences, patients should be informed that negative experiences may also occur.

The power of virtual connections: A randomized controlled trial of online positive psychotherapy training on effective communication skills of nursing students.

AIM: This research aimed to assess the impact of the online "Positive Psychotherapy- Based Key Model of Courtesy and Integrity" (KMCI)" program on the effective communication skills of nursing students. BACKGROUND: With the growing integration of virtual platforms in psychotherapy education, there is a burgeoning interest in understanding their influence on nursing student's communication abilities. Recognizing how online positive psychotherapy education shapes these skills is pivotal for enriching nursing education and practice. DESIGN: The study adopted a pre-test-post-test randomized controlled design and involved 64 undergraduate nursing students from a state university's nursing department during the 2021-2022 academic year, all enrolled in psychiatric nursing courses. METHODS: Students were divided into experimental and control groups through simple randomization. Pre-tests, encompassing a "Personal Information Form" and an "Effective Communication Skills Scale," were administered to both groups. Subsequently, the experimental group received the "Positive Psychotherapy- Based Key Model of Courtesy and Integrity" program online for five weeks, while no intervention was provided to the control group during this period. Post-tests were then conducted for both groups after five weeks. RESULTS: The findings revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the total scores of sub-dimensions, including "Ego-Enhancing Language, Active Listening, Self-Disclosure and Recognition, Empathy and Self-Language Scale" in the experimental group in both intra-group and inter-group comparisons. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the "Positive Psychotherapy- Based Key Model of Courtesy and Integrity" program effectively enhances practical communication skills among nursing students. Equipping students with the ability to integrate courtesy and integrity isn't effective.

Group-based positive psychotherapy for people living with acquired brain injury: a protocol for a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: Acquired brain injury (ABI) and other chronic conditions are placing unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems. In the UK, 1.3 million people live with the effects of brain injury, costing the UK economy approximately £15 billion per year. As a result, there is an urgent need to adapt existing healthcare delivery to meet increasing current and future demands. A focus on wellbeing may provide an innovative opportunity to reduce the pressure on healthcare services while also supporting patients to live more meaningful lives. The overarching aims of the study are as follows: (1) evaluate the feasibility of conducting a positive psychotherapy intervention for individuals with ABI and (2) ascertain under what conditions such an intervention would merit a fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) compared to a standard control group (TAU). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A randomised, two-arm feasibility trial involving allocation of patients to either a treatment group (positive psychotherapy) or control group (treatment as usual) group, according to a 1:1 ratio. A total of 60 participants at three sites will be recruited including 20 participants at each site. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, on completion of the 8-week intervention and 3 months following completion. These will include a range of questionnaire-based measures, psychophysiology and qualitative outcomes focusing on feasibility outcomes and participant experience. This study has been approved by the Wales Research Ethics Committee (IRAS project ID: 271,251, REC reference: 19/WA/0336). DISCUSSION: This study will be the first to examine the feasibility of an innovative, holistic positive psychotherapy intervention for people living with ABI, focused on individual, collective and planetary wellbeing, and will enable us to determine whether to proceed to a full randomised controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN12690685 , registered 11th November 2020.

Primary and Secondary Capacities in the Context of Positive Psychotherapy in Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder: The Relationship with Criminal Behaviors and Anger. / Antisosyal Kisilik Bozuklugu Olan Bireylerde Pozitif Psikoterapi Baglaminda Birincil ve Ikincil Yetenekler: Suç Isleme Davranislari ve Öfke ile Iliskisi.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of primary (PCs) and secondary capacities (SCs) in individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and the effects of these capacities on delinquent behaviors and anger levels. METHODS: 101 male patients aged 18 years and over with a diagnosis of ASPD were divided into two groups as those with a criminal ASPD (cASPD) diagnosis (n=37) and those with a non-criminal ASPD (ncASPD) diagnosis (n=64). Participants were evaluated using a sociodemographic form, Wiesbaden's Inventory of Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy (WIPPF-2) and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program; significance level was taken as p0.05. RESULTS: PCs, SCs and anger control levels of people with ASPD were lower while trait anger, anger expression and anger import were higher than the control group. In cASPD, among the PCs, belief (ß=0.796, p=0.032), hope (ß=-1.069, p=0.011), relationship (ß=-0.980, p=0.007) and sexuality (ß=0.937, p=0.021) predicted anger-out, and among the SAs politeness (ß=-1.020, p=0.002) and reliability (ß=1.140, p=0.001) predicted trait anger level. In ncASPD, patience predicted anger-out (ß=-1.752, p=0.001) and anger control (ß=1.468, p=0.002); belief (ß=1.468, p=0.005) and trust (ß=-0.845, p=0.002) predicted anger control. CONCLUSIONS: Positive psychotherapy can be effective in improving PCs and SCs of individuals with ASPD, improving interpersonal relationships, reducing criminal behaviors, anger management and psychotherapeutic treatment of ASPD.

A randomized controlled trial of group CBT with positive psychotherapy intervention for university students with maladaptive perfectionism in China.

Objective: The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to find a more economical and feasible intervention for maladaptive perfectionism, which is a risk and maintenance mechanism for various psychopathologies. Methods: In total, 64 university students who met the total inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either group CBT with positive psychotherapy intervention or a 16-week waitlist (WL). The intervention group received 2 h of therapy for eight weekly sessions. Measurements of maladaptive perfectionism and the symptoms of depression and anxiety were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale between the intervention group and the waitlist group at baseline (all p > 0.05). The intervention group had a significant main effect of time and a time × group interaction effect of the maladaptive aspects of perfectionism, Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Actions, and depression and anxiety scores in comparison with the waitlist group at the post-intervention and 8-week follow-up and had no statistically significant effects on the scores for Personal Standards, Parental Expectation, and Parental Criticism. The analysis showed that group intervention reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety while reducing maladaptive aspects of perfectionism. Conclusion: This study added to the literature on CBT interventions for maladaptive perfectionism and indicated that group CBT with positive psychotherapy intervention had substantial long-term effects on the maladaptive perfectionism of university students in China. Moreover, the results indicated that the intervention increased participants' self-acceptance.

Measuring the Awareness Levels of Individuals with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders: Tertiary Prevention Standards and Development of Uskudar Result Awareness and Harm Perception Scales.

RATIONALE: Alcohol and substance use disorders are types of brain diseases that have psychological components which damage many life areas of the affected individual. Since investigating alcohol use alone is insufficient in the diagnostic evaluation process, self-awareness and the individual's long-term psychological well-being are important in the treatment process. Primary prevention is used for preventing disease in healthy people, whereas secondary prevention is used for early diagnosis of people at risk. Tertiary prevention is important to prevent the recurrence of the disease. Since substance use disorders are a chronic problems, a new need has emerged for tertiary protection in rehabilitation standards. METHODOLOGY: In this study, we aimed to develop two scales that can provide ideas about rehabilitation standards by determining the awareness of individuals with or without alcohol and substance use disorders. By so, experts in the field can have information about the risk status of their patients in the follow-up process of rehabilitation, with the data obtained from the harm perception and result awareness dimensions in the scales. The sample consisted of 1134 participants, 41 of whom had substance use disorders. RESULTS: Among the two scales developed in the study, the Uskudar Result Awareness Scale (USRAS) consisting of 25 items and 6 factors explained 58.4% of the total variance. The Uskudar Harm Perception Scale (USHPS), consisting of 36 items and 10 factors, explained 56.3% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis of the two scales resulted in acceptable goodness-of-fit values. (X2/df < 3; RMSEA < 0.08; NFI > 0.90; NNFI > 0.95; CFI > 0.95; GFI > 0.90; AGFI > 0.85). DISCUSSION: Comparisons showed that the resulting awareness of the non-SUD group was moderate (X = 3.81), whereas the SUD group had a low result awareness (X = 3.20); the effect size of the difference between the two groups was found to be high (d = 1.45; >0.8). On the other hand, the harm perception of the non-SUD group was found in the low-risk group (X = 3.78); the harm perception of the SUD group was found in the moderate-risk group (X = 3.43). According to Cohen's d calculations, the effect size of the difference between the two groups is high (d = 1.43; >0.8). It was concluded that both of the scales are valid and safe. They can be included in the treatment process and future studies.

The effect of positive psychotherapy-based training on psychological well-being and hope level in women receiving infertility: experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a multidimensional problem, which negatively affects the mental health of couples, especially women. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the effect of positive psychotherapy (PPT)-based training on psychological well-being and hope level of women receiving infertility treatment. METHOD: The research was carried out in two Research Hospitals OGPH between November 2019 and December 2020 as an experimental model with pre-test-post-test control groups. Sample size for the study was determined by using the G.Power 3.1.9.2 program. The study was completed with 104 women (62 in the control group, 42 in the experimental group) receiving infertility treatment. The infertile women who were included in the study were determined by using the computer-assisted simple random sampling method. 8-session PPT-based training was provided for the women in the experimental group while no intervention was applied to the women in the control group. The trainings were carried out as individual and face-to-face training with the women in the experimental group. RESULTS: After the PPT-based training, it was determined that the psychological well-being and hope levels of the women in the experimental group increased compared to the women in the control group. CONCLUSION: In the study, it was found out that PPT-based training has a positive effect on increased psychological well-being and hope levels of infertile women.

The Effect of Positive Psychotherapy-Based Training on Stigma and Self-Efficacy in Women Receiving Infertility Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Infertility has increased in recent years. Infertility can cause many mental problems. The place of psychoeducation based on positive psychotherapy (PPT) is important in coping with mental problems. AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of PPT-based training on stigma and self-efficacy in women receiving infertility treatment. METHODS: This experimental study with randomized control group was completed with 64 women receiving infertility treatment. While the women in the experimental group received an 8-session PPT-based training, no intervention was applied to those in the control group. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed (p= .001) between the stigma and self-efficacy levels of the experimental group after the PPT-based training. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the PPT-based training was effective in decreasing stigma level of the women who received infertility treatment and increasing their self-efficacy level.

Application of the Balance Model in the Analysis of Factors Responsible for Depressive Disorders among Women in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the lives and mental health of people around the world, and it has become clinically essential to define risk factors in order to provide adequate prevention and support. The aim of the study was to describe coping strategies in Polish women related to the COVID-19 pandemic using the balance model, one of the most important concepts of positive psychotherapy (PPT after Peseschkian since 1977). The analysis included 735 women at the mean age of 39.61 years. The survey was conducted using the questionnaire form on the website. Based on Beck's depression test, depressive disorders were disclosed in 32.65%, and both the presence and severity of depressive syndromes were inversely correlated with age. Using a cluster analysis, three adaptation strategies could be identified, related to the different prevalence of depressive disorders. Relationships proved the most crucial area of the balance model, responsible for the effectiveness of the coping strategy. Based on the obtained results, it has to be concluded that preventive measures should primarily concern women aged < 25 years old and focus on strengthening the relationships area.

Stressful Life Events and Distress in Breast Cancer: A 5-Years Follow-Up.

Background/Objective: Environmental factors such as psychosocial stress have demonstrated to have an impact on the breast cancer (BC) course. This study aims to explore the impact of psychotherapy and stressful life events (SLE) on BC survivors' illness trajectories. Method: 68 women with BC underwent Positive Psychotherapy or Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management and 37 patients were included as a control group. The effects of distress reduction and SLE on their 5-year recurrence were investigated. Additional analyses examined the effect of receiving vs. not receiving psychotherapy and of the type of therapy on survival and disease-free interval, DFI. Results: A one-point decrease of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) after psychotherapy predicted a lower risk of 5-year recurrence, OR = 0.84, p = .037, 95% CI = 0.71-0.99). Also, a one point-increase in the number threatening SLE (OR = 1.92; p = .028, 95% CI = 1.07-3.43) was related to higher 5-year recurrence. Conclusions: The findings highlight the necessity of studying not only a given situation (i.e., psychotherapy, SLE) but its specific impact on individuals.

Antecedentes/Objetivo: El estrés psicosocial ha demostrado tener un impacto en la evolución del cáncer de mama (CM). Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar el impacto de la psicoterapia y de los acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVE) en la supervivencia de pacientes con CM. Método: 113 mujeres con CM recibieron psicoterapia positiva o terapia cognitivo-conductual para manejar el estrés y 37 se incluyeron como grupo control. Se analizaron los efectos de la reducción de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS) y de los AVE sobre la recurrencia a los cinco años, así como el efecto de recibir psicoterapia y del tipo de enfoque d esta sobre la supervivencia. Resultados: La reducción de un punto en la HADS después de recibir psicoterapia predijo un menor riesgo de recurrencia, OR = 0,84, p = 0,037, IC 95% = 0,71-0,99. Además, cada aumento en el número de AVE vividos como amenazantes (OR = 1,92; p = 0,028, 95% CI = 1,07-3,43) se relacionó con una mayor recurrencia. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican la necesidad de estudiar no solo la presencia de un evento potencialmente impactante en la conducta (psicoterapia o AVE) sino el efecto especifico que ha tenido en cada individuo.

Stressful Life Events and Distress in Breast Cancer: A 5-Years Follow-Up / Acontecimientos vitales estresantes y malestar emocional en cáncer de mama: seguimiento a 5 años

AbstractBackground/Objective: Environmental factors such as psychosocial stress have demonstrated to have an impact on the breast cancer (BC) course. This study aims to explore the impact of psychotherapy and stressful life events (SLE) on BC survivors’ illness trajectories. Method: 68 women with BC underwent Positive Psychotherapy or Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management and 37 patients were included as a control group. The effects of distress reduction and SLE on their 5-year recurrence were investigated. Additional analyses examined the effect of receiving vs. not receiving psychotherapy and of the type of therapy on survival and disease-free interval, DFI. Results: A one-point decrease of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) after psychotherapy predicted a lower risk of 5-year recurrence, OR = 0.84, p = .037, 95% CI = 0.71-0.99). Also, a one point-increase in the number threating SLE (OR = 1.92; p = .028, 95% CI = 1.07-3.43) was related to higher 5-year recurrence. Conclusions: The findings highlight the necessity of studying not only a given situation (i.e., psychotherapy, SLE) but its specific impact on individuals.

ResumenAntecedentes/Objetivo: El estrés psicosocial ha demostrado tener un impacto en la evo-lución del cáncer de mama (CM). Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar el impacto de la psicoterapia y de los acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVE) en la supervivencia de pacientes con CM. Método: 113 mujeres con CM recibieron psicoterapia positiva o terapia cognitivo-conductual para controlar el estrés y 37 se incluyeron como grupo con-trol. Se analizaron los efectos de la reducción de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hos-pitalaria (HADS) y de los AVE sobre la recurrencia a los cinco años, así como el efecto de recibir psicoterapia y del tipo de enfoque sobre la supervivencia. Resultados: La reduc-ción de un punto en la HADS después de recibir psicoterapia predijo un menor riesgo de recurrencia, OR = 0,84, p = 0,037, IC 95% = 0,71-0,99. Además, cada aumento en el nú-mero de AVE vividos como amenazantes (OR = 1,92; p = 0,028, 95% CI = 1,07-3,43) se relacionó con una mayor recurrencia. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican la necesidad de estudiar no solo la presencia de un evento potencialmente impactante en la conducta (psicoterapia o AVE) sino el efecto específico que ha tenido en cada individuo.

A Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Online-Treatment with Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion and Positive Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Protocol.

BACKGROUND: Research suggests the use of different forms of therapy as a way of decreasing dropout rates in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychotherapies to be assessed in this study are trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT), mindfulness-based health promotion (MBHP) and positive psychotherapy (PPT). OBJECTIVES: (1) to assess the online efficacy of TBCT compared to MBHP and PPT to reduce the symptoms of PTSD in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; (2) to compare the efficacy of these psychotherapies in improving anxiety, depression, guilt and in promoting well-being; and (3) to describe how professionals perceive online treatment. METHODS: A randomized, multicenter, single-blind clinical trial will be conducted, with three separate arms. An estimated sample of 135 patients will receive either TBCT, MBHP or PPT and will be treated through online, individual, weekly visits, totaling 14 sessions. The primary outcome will be CAPS-5 and secondary outcomes will be HADS and WHO-5. The variables used to mediate these outcomes will be the Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI), Negative Core Beliefs Inventory (NCBI) and the California Psychotherapy Alliance Scale (CALPAS-P). EXPECTED RESULTS: PTSD symptoms are expected to be reduced after TBCT, MBHP and PPT. No statistical difference is expected to be found among the three. DISCUSSION: The present study will evaluate and contribute towards the development of new psychotherapeutic options for patients with PTSD. The results of this study will allow the dissemination of new effective and adaptable interventions for patients with PTSD.

The effect of positive psychotherapy education on subjective wellbeing among nursing students.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effect of psychoeducation of the positive psychotherapy (PPT)-based balance model applied to university students on spirituality index levels of their subjective well-being. DESIGN AND METHOD: The research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was composed of undergraduate students of a university and the sample was composed of the students taking Intern Practice Course of Psychiatric Nursing. In the study, the data were collected using a Personal Information Form and Spirituality Index of Well-being. FINDINGS: Frequency, percentage, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks tests were used to assess the data of the study. As a result of the statistical analysis, the students obtained significant results in the total score of Spirituality Index of Well-Being and the subscales of "Self-Efficacy" and "Life Schemes" (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PPT-based balance model education increases the subjective well-being levels of the students significantly. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: PPT has a positive effect on the subjective well-being levels of individuals with spirituality index, this method should be used more in clinical studies with healthy or sick people.

The effect of positive psychotherapy on happiness and character strength in cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the major health problems across the world that poses a great threat to human health and active life in all age groups, causing numerous personal, familial, and social damages in physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of positive psychotherapy on happiness, character strengths, pleasure, commitment, and semantic measures in the lives of people with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within the framework of a quasi-experimental design, 58 patients suffering from cancer meeting the inclusion criteria (disease history and married) were selected via purposeful sampling method. However, only 30 of the patients met the required criteria to participate in all psychotherapy sessions. The participants were then randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups (15 participants per group). The intervention group received eight 120-min sessions of positive psychotherapy on a weekly basis while the control group was put on the waiting list. Data collection tools included the Oxford Happiness-Depression Questionnaire and Values in Action-Inventory of Strengths. The participants completed the questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted by analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The results of covariance analysis suggested that the use of positive psychotherapy has been effective on increasing happiness (F = 0.129, P = 0.005), increasing character strength (F = 27.55, P = 0.001), increasing the semantic measures (F = 15.23, P = 0.002), increasing pleasure (F = 8.51, P = 0.005), and commitment (F = 64.19, P = 0.001) among patients with cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicated that positive psychotherapy has been effective on happiness, strengths, pleasure, commitment, and semantic measures of the life among people with cancer. Positive psychotherapy can be used to minimize the effects of cancer on patients.

Positive psychotherapy in the treatment of traumatised Yezidi survivors of sexualised violence and genocide.

So far, the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with trauma spectrum disorders has most commonly been based on a disease model in which the normal reaction to trauma results in negative emotions, cognitions and behaviour which, in turn, cause a pathological state of mind or disorder. Here, trauma is associated with distress. This model focuses on identification, classification and treatment of the pathological and maladaptive modulations of the stress response that lead to psychological and social suffering and disability. In contrast to that, recent models in the Psychotherapy of the sequels of extreme life experiences, such as Positive Psychotherapy, have rather focussed on the building of competence, resilience and posttraumatic growth. In this article we summarise our experience in treating Yazidi women for their complex psychological traumata resulting from their experience of ISIS terror. We will use a short summary of published secondary data and reviews and use case examples from our work as primary data to discuss possible individual and collective resources that can help them to recover and to maintain a positive perspective on their person and the world, in spite of their terrible traumatic experiences. Original models of Positive Psychology already paid considerable attention to strength and resilience. The new approach of 'second wave' Positive Psychology expands on this, suggesting that negative emotions as well cultural factors must also be integrated. This approach appears to be particularly helpful in the treatment of this group of Yazidi women. Likewise, it seems to be promising when treating similar groups of people who survived extreme terror and were continuously exposed to genocidal environments.

Video conference vs face-to-face group psychotherapy for distressed cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the effectiveness of face-to-face group positive psychotherapy for cancer survivors (PPC) compared to its online adaptation, online group positive psychotherapy for cancer survivors (OPPC), which is held via videoconference. A two-arm, pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of both interventions on emotional distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among cancer survivors and analyze attrition to treatment. METHODS: Adult women with a range of cancer diagnoses were invited to participate if they experienced emotional distress at the end of their primary oncological treatment. Emotional distress, PTSS, and PTG were assessed at baseline, immediately after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. Intention-to-treat analyses were carried out using general linear mixed models to test the effect of the interventions overtime. Logistic regressions were performed to test differential adherence to treatment and retention to follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 269 individuals participated. The observed treatment effect was significant in both modalities, PPC and OPPC. Emotional distress (b = -2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.15 to -1.33) and PTSS (b = -3.25, 95% CI = -4.97 to -1.53) decreased significantly over time, and PTG (b = 3.08, 95% CI = 0.38-5.78) increased significantly. Treatment gains were sustained across outcomes and over time. Analyses revealed no significant differences between modalities of treatment, after adjusting for baseline differences, finding that OPPC is as effective and engaging as PPC. CONCLUSIONS: The OPPC treatment was found to be effective and engaging for female cancer early survivors. These results open the door for psycho-oncology interventions via videoconference, which are likely to lead to greater accessibility and availability of psychotherapy.

Effectiveness of positive psychotherapy for young adults with depressive Symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the level of happiness and depressive symptoms before and after positive psychotherapy.. METHODS: The experimental study was conducted from February 2018to March 2018 in Shahpur Sadar town of Sargodha district in the Punjab province of Pakistan at Govt. College, and comprised female young adults with depressive symptoms. The participants were subjected to 8 sessions (one baseline and seven other) of group positive psychotherapy. On the basis of repeated measure design, data was collected using the depression subscale of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Positive Psychotherapy Inventory, and Values in Action Inventory before, during and after therapy administration. SPSS 23 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 250 subjects assessed, 30(12%) aged 18-20 years were selected for therapy sessions as they had some level of depression; 15(50%) mild and 15(50%) moderate. Mean happiness level increased with each session from baseline value of 20.63±4.61 to post-therapy 50.67±4.63 (p<0.05). Depression level decreased from baseline value of 15.47±3.42 with each session to post-therapy 4.53±1.10 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Positive psychotherapy sessions were found to be effective in decreasing depression among female young adults.

Building Wellbeing in People With Chronic Conditions: A Qualitative Evaluation of an 8-Week Positive Psychotherapy Intervention for People Living With an Acquired Brain Injury.

Research indicates that Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is associated with significant and chronic impairment across multiple areas of functioning including physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral domains. Whilst impairments associated with ABI can be ameliorated, cure is seldom possible. The emergence of positive psychology reflects a paradigm shift in health and wellbeing research, highlighting the role of character strengths, positive emotions, meaning, and resilience. Positive psychology interventions have been demonstrated to improve wellbeing in a variety of populations, although research investigating the impact of positive psychotherapy for people living with ABI are sparse. Here we characterize the experience of an 8-week positive psychotherapy intervention for 13 people living with ABI including four mentors and nine participants using thematic analysis of transcripts collected during mini-groups and one-to-one interviews. Six main themes were identified including empowerment, social opportunity, coping, cultivation of positive emotion, consolidation of skills and barriers. Results indicated that wellbeing can be promoted and improved in individuals with ABI. Recent theoretical developments in wellbeing science highlight scope to improve the intervention by connecting individuals to their communities and spending time in nature.

Positive psychotherapy for psychosis - a new approach in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from schizophrenia. / Pozytywna Psychoterapia Psychoz ­ nowe podejscie w rehabilitacji pacjentów cierpiacych na schizofrenie.

This paper describes the positive psychotherapy for psychosis (PPP) - a new approach for psychiatric rehabilitation for patients with chronic schizophrenia. Unlike some traditional methods of psychotherapy, PPP focuses on positives rather than on problems. PPPwas shown in the context of other therapeutic approaches used in psychiatric rehabilitation and a mechanism of changes in the functioning and thinking of patients using this approach was described. PPP strengthens the patients'resources, including positive emotions, positive features of character, sense of life, positive relationships, and internal motivation. PPPdoes not suggest that other approaches are inappropriate and it is not intended to replace well-established treatments. A program of 13 PPP sessions adapted for patients with schizophrenia was also described. PPP sessions were divided into 3 thematic groups and according to the degree of difficulty: "the easiest" (savoring, positive things - sessions 1-4), "medium" (strong character traits, recognition of strengths in oneself, perceiving strengths in other people, positive communication - sessions 5-7) and "the most difficult" (bad vs. good memories, gratitude, forgiveness, hope, optimism and posttraumatic growth - sessions 8-13). The PPP has been introduced in the Day Care Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation of the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw. After 13 weeks, the initial observations were collected. They indicated that PPP can be successfully used in psychiatric rehabilitation.

Effect of Positive Psychotherapy on Psychological Well-Being, Happiness, Life Expectancy and Depression Among Retired Teachers with Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Despite conducting numerous positive psychotherapy (PPT) tests, the effects of such activities in participants aged 50 and above have been dealt with by few studies. Therefore, the effects of PPT on psychological well-being (PWB), happiness, expectancy life (LX) and depression of retired teachers with depression, was investigated using a randomized controlled trial. In this study, 60 female teachers aged 55-80 years, who obtained the lowest scores in the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), were randomly divided into the two PPT (n = 30) and untreated groups (n = 30) at the time of entering the study and 2 months later following their assessments through the Psychological Well-Being Scales-Short (PWBS-S), Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), Adult Hope Scale (AHS) and BDI-II. The PPT and untreated groups took part in 10 group sessions and underwent no interventions, respectively. The study was completed with a total number of 52 female teachers (n = 26 per group). The PPT group showed some effectiveness on the variables of PWBS-S, OHI, AHS and BDI-II in a way that the involved retired teachers with depression increased their PWB, happiness and LE after PPT training and teachers reduced their BDI-II after intervention (p < 0.05). PPT can be used in order to increase the level of PWB, happiness, and LX, along with depression symptoms decreasing amongst retired teachers with the age of 55, and also more than that.