The development and application of advanced analytical methods in microplastics contamination detection: A critical review.

Microplastics have gradually become emerging environmental contaminants for their extensive distribution, small particle size, and harmful effects on organisms. Therefore, finding accurate, efficient, and rapid analytical methods for detecting microplastics pollution has become an urgent problem. We reviewed the derivation, transport, and classification of microplastics and then highlighted the harmfulness of microplastics which would bring microplastics pollution to the environment and potential damage to organisms. Further, various analytical methods were classified into the thermal analytical method, spectral analytical approach, and other analytical methods based on detection principles. In addition, the application of each analytical method in sea and soil was concluded in detail, and the promising development prospect of each analytical method was discussed. In the end, the chemical analytical method was proposed to explore further in the direction of no sample preparation, nondestructive analysis, low detection limit and it is crucial to establish a unified detection and identification method for microplastics in different environments.

Critical climate issues toward carbon neutrality targets.

In 2020, China announced the "emission peak, carbon neutrality" policy, that is, China aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The scenario of carbon neutrality will be significantly distinguished from the scenario we experienced since the industrial revolution. However, instrumental data are unavailable in the future carbon-neutral scenario. Earth system models and climate dynamics theory are needed to comprehend and project the climate change. In this paper, we illustrate our perspective of the issues related to "emission peak, carbon neutrality", including climate dynamics, climate-carbon feedback, interaction between China and global climate and carbon emissions and solutions, etc. We highlight that climate change has profoundly affected human production and life. The frequent occurrence of extreme weather disasters in recent years, together with the impact of epidemics, make the future "carbon peak & carbon-neutral" scenario more complex. There is whopping uncertainty but also a massive challenge to the scientific community. Thus, carbon neutrality is closely related to domestic production and lives, and there is little time left for planning. We believe that we will make a breakthrough in climate dynamics in the context of carbon neutrality with our joint efforts, which will serve our country's carbon emission policy at different stages.

Recent Advances in Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Based on Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Diabetes Management- A Review.

There is an undeniable growing number of diabetes cases worldwide that have received widespread global attention by many pharmaceutical and clinical industries to develop better functioning glucose sensing devices. This has called for an unprecedented demand to develop highly efficient, stable, selective, and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors (NEGS). Interestingly, many novel materials have shown the promising potential of directly detecting glucose in the blood and fluids. This review exclusively encompasses the electrochemical detection of glucose and its mechanism based on various metal-based materials such as cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), iridium (Ir), and rhodium (Rh). Multiple aspects of these metals and their oxides were explored vis-à-vis their performance in glucose detection. The direct glucose oxidation via metallic redox centres is explained by the chemisorption model and the incipient hydrous oxide/adatom mediator (IHOAM) model. The glucose electrooxidation reactions on the electrode surface were elucidated by equations. Furthermore, it was explored that an effective detection of glucose depends on the aspect ratio, surface morphology, active sites, structures, and catalytic activity of nanomaterials, which plays an indispensable role in designing efficient NEGS. The challenges and possible solutions for advancing NEGS have been summarized.

Possible Solutions as a Concept in Behavior Change Interventions.

PROBLEM: Nurses are uniquely positioned to implement behavior change interventions. Yet, nursing interventions have traditionally resulted from nurses problem-solving rather than allowing the patient to self-generate possible solutions for attaining specific health outcomes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to clarify the meaning of possible solutions in behavior change interventions. METHODS: Walker and Avant's method on concept analysis serves as the framework for examination of the possible solutions. CONCLUSION: Possible solutions can be defined as continuous strategies initiated by patients and families to overcome existing health problems. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: As nurses engage in behavior change interventions, supporting patients and families in problem-solving will optimize health outcomes and transform clinical practice.

An evaluation of the present situation of bilingual teaching in eight-year M.D.program and a vista for possible reformative schemes / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Bilingual teaching is a necessary product in the field of both English teaching and professional courses teaching induced directly by a purpose to catch up with international education level during the process of educational reforms.Yet few researches launched to study possible ways which may improve the curriculum model have been reported in the last five years.In order to follow up the previous studies and present fresh ideas as well as conclusions,this survey reflects the current status of bilingual teaching in eight-year M.D.program from the perspectives of both the teachers and students via questionnaire analysis together with face to face interviews.Moreover,our survey expresses underlying deficiencies of this teaching system from brand-new aspects which have never been discussed before along with their corresponding solutions objectively.