Utilization of three-dimensional framework theory in identifying the motivational factors for selecting a postgraduate dental specialty-A pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Three-dimensional framework theory classifies factors influencing career selection into intrinsic, extrinsic, and interpersonal dimensions. The objectives of this pilot research were to assess the psychometric properties of a scale encompassing factors affecting post-graduation specialty selection according to three-dimensional framework theory and identify motivational factors that affect dental students' and interns' choice of post-graduation specialty. METHODOLOGY: A closed-ended self-structured research instrument consisting of a list of 19 factors was presented to dental students and dental interns at Margalla Dental College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan (n = 235). Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach-alpha (α) were used to assess the construct validity and reliability (internal consistency) of the scale respectively. Descriptive analysis and non-parametric tests were used for data analysis with a level of significance at ≤0.05. RESULTS: A 3-factor solution with 11 items was stabilized. Cronbach-alpha of the pilot study turned out to be 0.72. With a response rate of 92.15%, the most common motivational factor affecting post-graduation specialty selection was the Intrinsic factor "personnel joy and motivation to work hard." Dental interns and male participants were more likely to select the post-graduation specialty due to intrinsic motivational factors (p < 0.05). Inspiration from the family member and supporting the family also influenced male participants and interns respectively (p < 0.05). Female participants preferred to choose a less saturated field (p < 0.05). A medium positive statistically significant correlation was observed between the interpersonal motivational factor "inspiration by a teacher" and the choice of "basic sciences" as a post-graduation specialty (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This pilot study resulted in the development of a scale with a 3-factor solution stabilized at 11 items. The internal consistency of the scale turned out to be 0.72. Oral and maxillofacial surgery was the first choice of post-graduation chosen by 35.5% of the respondents. Fellowship was chosen as the preferred type of post-graduation by 46% of the respondents. Irrespective of gender and designation, the top most influential factor, chosen by 88.5% of the respondents, was the intrinsic motivational factor "personal joy and motivation to work hard."

Preferências de carreira entre graduandos de medicina no sudoeste da Nigéria / Career preferences of final-year medical students in south-west Nigeria

Resumo Estudantes de medicina possuem diferentes opções de trajetórias acadêmicas ou profissionais após a graduação. Este estudo busca determinar as preferências de carreira entre graduandos de medicina e os fatores que contribuem para tal decisão. Pesquisa descritiva e transversal foi realizada com graduandos de medicina da Afe Babalola University, localizada em Ekiti State, Nigéria. Dados foram coletados por um questionário bem estruturado e analisados usando SPSS versão 21.0. A estatística descritiva inclui tabelas de frequência, gráficos, médias e desvios padrão. Um total de 100 graduandos participaram do estudo, dos quais 29 (29,0%) homens e 71 (71,0%) mulheres, com relação homem/mulher de 0,4 para 1. A faixa etária dos participantes foi de 21 a 30 anos, com média (±SD) de 23,5 (±1,4). Do total de participantes, 72% planejavam ingressar na pós-graduação após a faculdade de medicina, a maioria no Reino Unido, sendo o mestrado em Saúde Pública a qualificação de maior interesse. Da mesma forma, 76% dos entrevistados planejavam buscar uma bolsa de pós-graduação após a faculdade, também em sua maioria no Reino Unido. A especialidade mais procurada é Obstetrícia e Ginecologia (43%), seguida por Cirurgia (40%), Medicina de Família (34%), Medicina Comunitária (33%), Pediatria (25%) e Medicina Interna (23%), enquanto a especialidade menos procurada é Patologia Química (28%), seguida por Microbiologia Médica (27%) e Anatomia Mórbida (24%). O principal fator considerado para esta escolha é o interesse pessoal pela especialidade, seguido por perspectivas financeiras, estilo de vida confortável e horário de trabalho flexível. Mestrado em Saúde Pública e especialização em Obstetrícia e Ginecologia são as carreiras mais buscadas por graduandos de medicina, escolha majoritariamente pautada em seus interesses pessoais.

Abstract Medical students have many different options of academic and professional undertakings after graduation. The aim of this study is to determine the career preferences of students in their final year of medical school and to determine the factors that contributed for such decision. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving the final-year medical students of Afe Babalola University, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics included frequency tables, charts, means and standard deviations. A total number of 100 final-year medical students participated in the study, out of which 29 (29.0%) were males and 71 (71.0%) were females, with a male to female ratio of 0.4 to 1. The age range of the respondents was 21 to 30 years, with a mean(±SD) of 23.5(±1.4). 72% of the respondents planned to pursue a postgraduate academic qualification after graduating from medical school, mostly in the United Kingdom, and a Master of Public Health was the most sought qualification. Similarly, 76% of the respondents planned to pursue a postgraduate medical fellowship after medical school, also mostly in the United Kingdom. The specialty most sought-after is Obstetrics and Gynaecology (43%), followed by Surgery (40%), Family Medicine (34%), Community Medicine (33%), Paediatrics (25%), and Internal Medicine (23%) while the least sought-after specialty is Chemical pathology (28%), followed by Medical Microbiology (27%) and Morbid Anatomy (24%). The most important factor considered by the respondents in choosing a particular specialty is their personal interest in that specialty, followed by financial prospects, comfortable lifestyle, and flexible working hours. Master of Public Health degree and postgraduate fellowship in Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialty are the career preferences for most of the final-year medical students in this study, and this is largely informed by their personal interest in these fields.

Clinical pharmacologist from the eyes of a clinical pharmacologist: a questionnaire-based survey.

INTRODUCTION: Management of a clinical condition is patient centric. Interdisciplinary coordination plays an influential role in patient management. Pharmacology deals with the study of drugs. Clinical pharmacology deals with applied aspects of pharmacology in addition to clinical research. METHODOLOGY: We set up a survey to assess the perceptions of clinical pharmacologists (CPs) regarding their roles and about clinical pharmacology courses in India. The survey was administered via a Google questionnaire sent via LinkedIn, Email, or WhatsApp to 100 CP's working in India. RESULTS: Respondents to the questionnaire were working as CPs. They were either postgraduate in pharmacology (MD pharmacology (doctor of medicine in pharmacology) 60.2%) or had a super-specialization degree in clinical pharmacology (DM clinical pharmacology (doctorate in medicine in clinical pharmacology) (34.7%)) or other pharma postgraduates. They were working in pharmaceutical companies (41.8%), hospitals (26.5%), or academic institutions (30.6%). When the responses from the respondents were stratified by qualification or experience, they showed that most of the CPs felt that the CPs played a significant role in academia, pharmaceutical organizations, hospitals, and drug regulatory bodies. CONCLUSIONS: All the CPs opined that training during the postgraduation course was not sufficient to be qualified as CP. There was no consensus among the CPs on the benefit of existing certification courses in clinical research. However, they felt that the centres offering these courses should be accredited, and the curriculum should be uniform. Respondents opined that CPs' patient management role could be improved by collaborating with clinicians and organizing workshops and conferences.

[Clinical Training of Pharmacists after Licensure and Career Paths in Medical Institutions].

In order to provide safe and effective pharmaceutical care to patients and their family members in clinical practice, pharmacists should receive appropriate clinical training after obtaining their license, as is standard in other medical professions. At present, there is no national framework in Japan for the early clinical training of pharmacists after licensure. However, pharmacy residency programs have been autonomously developed and implemented at some university hospitals and other medical institutions. This article describes the current status of clinical training of pharmacists after licensure in Japan. Furthermore, the standards for pharmacy residency programs, the outline of a core program for clinical training, and the career paths of hospital pharmacists after training are discussed.

Perfil de egressos de um programa de pós-graduação em distúrbios da comunicação / Profile of alumni from a post-graduation program in communication disorders / Perfil de egresados de un programa de posgrado en trastornos de la comunicación

Introdução: A avaliação de alunos egressos pela CAPES é parte de um dos eixos de avaliação dos programas de pós-graduação. Investigar a formação e atuação dos egressos de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação e desenvolver uma forma contínua de acompanhá-los poderá contribuir para uma melhor avaliação dos Programas. Objetivos: investigar o perfil do egresso de um programa de pós-graduação em distúrbios da comunicação e analisar a associação entre as áreas de formação, atuação e publicações. Método: estudo prospectivo realizado a partir das respostas do questionário eletrônico enviado por e-mail aos alunos egressos que concluíram o Mestrado, Doutorado e/ou Pós-Doutorado, no período de 2009 a 2018, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana da UNIFESP. Resultados: a maioria dos egressos é do sexo feminino (97,3%) e predominam os egressos de origem do Estado de São Paulo (72%). 87,3% publicaram pelo menos 1 artigo em revista científica. 45,4% atuam na área de ensino, e, considerando os egressos do doutorado e do pós-doutorado, a maioria atua nas áreas de ensino (70,3% e 80%) e 85,4% atuam na área clínica. Conclusão: Os egressos são em sua maioria mulheres, oriundas do estado de São Paulo e publicaram artigos em revistas científicas e atuam profissionalmente na clínica. Quanto aos titulados doutores e que realizaram pós-doutorado, a maioria está inserida na área de ensino e pesquisa.

Introduction: The evaluation of alumni by CAPES is part of one of the evaluation axes of post-graduate programs. Investigate the field of study and work of alumni of a Post-Graduation Program in Communication Disorders and developing a continuous way of accompanying them may contribute to a better evaluation of them. Objectives: investigate the profile of the alumni of a Post-Graduation Program in Communication Disorders and analyze the association between field of study, work and publications. Method: This is a prospective study based on the answers to an electronically sent questionnaire by individuals who had concluded their Master's, Doctorate and/or Post-Doctorate in Human Communication Disorders at UNIFESP Post-Graduation Program in the 2009-2018 period. Results: Most of the former students were women (97,3%) and most (72%) were from the State of São Paulo. 87,3% published at least one article in scientific journals. 45,4% teach and regarding those who concluded their doctorate and post-doctorate, most teach (70,3% and 80%) and 85,4% work as clinicians. Conclusion: The alumni most are young female adults from São Paulo state. Most had published articles in scientific journals. The alumni work as clinicians and most of the Doctorate and Post-Doctorate teach and do research.

Introducción: La evaluación de egresados por CAPES forma parte de uno de los ejes de evaluación de los programas de posgrado. Investigar el campo de estudio y trabajo de los egresados de un Programa de Posgrado en Transtornos de la Comunicación y desarrollar una forma continua de acompañarlos puede contribuir a una mejor evaluación de los mismos. Objetivos: Investigar el perfil de los egresados de un Programa de Posgrado en Transtornos de la Comunicación y analizar la asociación entre campo de estudio, trabajo y publicaciones. Método: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo basado en las respuestas a un cuestionario enviado electrónicamente por personas que habían finalizado su Maestría, Doctorado y / o Postdoctorado en Trastornos de la Comunicación Humana en el Programa de Posgrado de la UNIFESP en el período 2009-2018. Resultados: La mayoría de los egresados eran mujeres (97,3%) y la mayoría (72%) eran del Estado de São Paulo. El 87,3% publicó al menos un artículo en revistas científicas. El 45,4% enseña y de los que concluyeron su doctorado y posdoctorado, la mayoría enseña (70,3% y 80%) y el 85,4% trabaja como clínicos. Conclusión: La mayoría de los egresados son mujeres jóvenes del estado de São Paulo. La mayoría había publicado artículos en revistas científicas. Los egresados trabajan como clínicos y la mayoría de los doctores y posdoctorados enseñan e investigan.

Educação Física escolar e o transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão integrativa / School Physical Education and autism: an integrative review / Educación Física escolar y autismo: una revisión integradora

Buscou-se mapear e analisar a produção da pósgraduação brasileira sobre Transtorno do Espectro Autista e Educação Física escolar. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, embasada no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes. Os seis descritores utilizados mantiveram os termos "Educação Física escolar" e "Educação Física'', precedidos de: "Transtorno do Espectro Autista", Autismo e TEA, com o operador booleano AND. Foram exibidos 205 trabalhos. Após aplicação dos filtros, 87,5% dos 16 estudos selecionados foram publicados a partir de 2017, 68,75% dos quais produzidos nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. Foram identificadas três categorias que tratavam sobre intervenções didático-metodológicas para inclusão do(a) estudante com TEA; influências da formação profissional no desenvolvimento de aulas para esses(as) estudantes e a importância dos aspectos socioemocionais na socialização do(a) estudante. Conclui-se que os debates sobre essa temática estão em evolução. Todavia, percebe-se faltarem estudos no Ensino Médio e Educação de Jovens e Adultos.

This work sought to scan and analyze Brazilian post-graduation production on Autistic Spectrum Disorder and school Physical Education. It is about an integrative review of the literature, based on CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog. The six descriptors employed held the terms 'Educação Física escolar' and 'Educação Física' after: Transtorno do Espectro Autista and TEA, with the AND Boolean operator. 205 works appeared. After the use of filters, out of the 16 assessments selected, 87.6% had been published after 2016, 68.75% of which, produced in South and Southeast Regions. Three categories have been identified that addressed didactic-pedagogical interventions to include ASD students, professional formation influence over class preparation for those students, and the importance of socio-emotional aspects in student's socialization. Therefore, the debate around this theme is evolving, although assessments in middle school and in young people and adult education are still lacking.

Se buscó mapear y analizar la producción del posgrado brasileño con respecto al Trastorno del Espectro Autista y Educación Física escolar. Se trata de un trabajo de revisión integradora de la literatura, con base en el Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Capes. En los seis descriptores utilizados se mantuvieron los términos "Educación Física escolar" y "Educación Física", precedidos de: Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Autismo y TEA, con el operador booleano AND. Fueron exhibidos 205 trabajos. Después de la aplicación de los filtros, 87,5% de los 16 estudios seleccionados fueron publicados a partir de 2017, 68,75% de los cuales producidos en las regiones Sudeste y Sud. Fueron identificadas tres categorías que discutían las intervenciones didácticometodológicas para la inclusión del/de la estudiante con TEA, influencias de la formación profesional en el desarrollo de las clases para eses/esas estudiantes y la importancia de los aspectos socioemocionales en la socialización del/de la estudiante. Se concluye que los debates sobre esa temática están en evolución. Sin embargo, se percibe la falta de estudios en la enseñanza media y educación de jóvenes y adultos.

Insights into career prospects after post-graduation in ophthalmology.

Postgraduate ophthalmic education in India has taken considerable strides and improved tremendously over the last decade. Career options have improved manyfold and trainee residents and fellows are often required to make key trade-off decisions when choosing a particular option. This leads many toward anxiety, fear, and dissatisfaction toward the decision-making process, and eventually even toward their career in ophthalmology. Candidates often seek guidance from mentors to aid in driving clarity of thought. To help candidates with a solid foundational knowledge of key ophthalmic education and training programs in our country and abroad, we have documented many career opportunities available after post-graduation and fellowship in this article. We have also added insights on various international fellowship and job opportunities along with notes on various national/international ophthalmic exams a post-graduate can consider.

Burnout: The Resident Evil - Perspectives from the Horses' Mouth!

Burn-out is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by three dimensions- (1) feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion, (2) increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job and (3) reduced professional efficacy. Any profession where a certain amount of emotional work and empathy are expected renders a person vulnerable to being burned out. Resident doctors, who play the role of a primary care-giver and spend a great deal of time with patients, are most prone to suffer. However, early identification and necessary intervention would go a long way in making the three formative years of a doctor's life more worthwhile.

Linha de pesquisa "história e memória do lazer" do programa de pós-graduação interdisciplinar em estudos do lazer da UFMG produção e análise / Line of research "history and memory of the leisure" of interdisciplinary post-graduation program in leisure studies of UFMG: production and analysis

Este estudo propõe uma análise da produção vinculada à linha de pesquisa "Memória e História do Lazer" do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer (PPGIEL) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). A partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2009) foram investigadas as teses e dissertações defendidas entre 2009 e 2017. O estudo apontou que nos 32 trabalhos examinados, o primeiro quartel do século XXI e a cidade de Belo Horizonte são, nessa ordem, o período e a localidade mais pesquisados. A dimensão física do Lazer é preponderante e os professores Victor Melo e Helder Isayama se destacam respectivamente pelo número de trabalhos orientados e participação em bancas de defesa. O ano de 2017 surge como o ápice da produção do programa. O "estado da arte" apontado poderá auxiliar pesquisas históricas desenvolvidas no campo do Lazer, potencializando questionamentos e reflexões.

This study proposes an analysis of the production linked to the research line "Memory and Leisure History" of the Interdisciplinary Post-Graduation Program in Leisure Studies (PPGIEL) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). From the analysis of content proposed by Bardin (2009) the theses and dissertations defended between 2009 and 2017 were investigated. The study pointed out that in the 32 papers examined, the first quarter of the 21st century and the city of Belo Horizonte are, in that order, the most searched period and location. The physical dimension of Leisure is preponderant and Professors Victor Melo and Helder Isayama stand out respectively for the number of jobs oriented and participation in defense stalls. The year 2017 emerges as the apex of the program's production. The pointed state of the art may help historical research developed in the field of Leisure, enhancing questions and reflections.

The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on ophthalmology training programs in India - Outcomes of a survey.

Purpose: In 2020, in response to the emergence and global spread of the disease COVID-19, caused by a new variant of coronavirus 2019-nCoV, the government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, which was then extended to a total of over 50 days. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the lockdown on ophthalmic training programs across India. Methods: An online survey was sent across to trainee ophthalmologists across India through various social media platforms. Results: In all, 716 trainees responded; the average age was 29.1 years. Results showed that majority of the respondents were enrolled in residency programs (95.6%; 685/716) and the others were in fellowship programs. About 24.6% (176/716) of the trainees had been deployed on 'COVID-19 screening' duties. Nearly 80.7% (578/716) of the trainees felt that the COVID-19 lockdown had negatively impacted their surgical training. Furthermore, 54.8% (392/716) of the trainees perceived an increase in stress levels during the COVID-19 lockdown and 77.4% (554/716) reported that their family members had expressed an increased concern for their safety and wellbeing since the lockdown began. In all, 75.7% (542/716) of the respondents felt that online classes and webinars were useful during the lockdown period. Conclusion: Our survey showed that majority ophthalmology trainees across the country felt that the COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected their learning, especially surgical training. While most found online classes and webinars useful, the trainees' perceived stress levels were higher than normal during the lockdown. Training hospitals should take cognizance of this and reassure trainees; formulate guidelines to augment training to compensate for the lost time as well as mitigate the stress levels upon resumption of regular hospital services and training. Going ahead, permanent changes such as virtual classrooms and simulation-based training should be considered.

Dilemas das subáreas sociocultural e pedagógica na pós-graduação brasileira: perspectivas dos pesquisadores

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou analisar e problematizar a situação das subáreas sociocultural e pedagógica no âmbito da Pós-Graduação da Educação Física brasileira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que se utilizou de fontes documentais e de cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas com pesquisadores dessas duas subáreas. Concluiu-se que os critérios avaliativos utilizados na área 21 não contemplam satisfatoriamente às singularidades epistêmicas dessas duas subáreas. Predominou, entre os entrevistados, uma insatisfação com o modus operandi utilizado pela área para estratificar os programas, credenciar e/ou descredenciar pesquisadores, classificando-os em produtivos ou improdutivos.

ABSTRACT This article aimed to analyze and problematize the situation of the sociocultural and pedagogical subareas within the Brazilian Physical Education Post Graduation. This is a qualitative research which used documentary sources and five semi-structured interviews conducted with researchers from these two subareas representative of different post graduation programs as methodology. It was concluded that the evaluation criteria used in area 21 do not satisfactorily address the epistemic singularities of these two subareas. Among the interviewees, there was a dissatisfaction with the modus operandi used by the area to stratify programs, accredit and / or discredit researchers, classifying them as productive or unproductive.

RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene por objetivo el analisis y la problematización de la actual situación de las subáreas sociocultural y pedagógica del posgrado en Educación Física brasileña. A través de la investigación cualitativa en la que la metodologia se utilizó de fuentes documentales y de cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas junto a investigadores de dos subáreas, representando diferentes cursos de posgrado. Se concluyó que los criterios de evaluación utilizados en el área 21 no abordan satisfactoriamente las singularidades epistémicas de estas dos subáreas. Entre los entrevistados, hubo una insatisfacción con el modus operandi utilizado por el área para estratificar programas, acreditar y / o desacreditar a los investigadores, clasificándolos como productivos o improductivos.

Criação e trajetória inicial do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da UFPI / Creation and initial trajectory of the Post-graduation Program in Psychology at UFPI / Creación y trayectoria inicial del Programa de Posgrado en Psicología de la UFPI

Trata-se de um relato sobre a criação e a trajetória inicial do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia na UFPI, com base em um levamento documental. Implantado na cidade de Parnaíba-PI, desde abril de 2017, ressalta-se que é o único PPG em Psicologia do estado, possibilitando psicólogos e demais profissionais articularem o desenvolvimento científico e a produção do conhecimento na região. Com área de concentração em Psicologia, conta com 10 docentes permanentes distribuídos em duas linhas de pesquisa: 1) Processos psicossociais e sua avaliação em diferentes contextos; 2) Psicologia, Saúde Coletiva e Processos de subjetivação e 55 discentes com matrícula ativa e 13 egressos. A análise considerou as atividades desenvolvidas, dificuldades e desafios com base nos caminhos e desafios postos à pós-graduação brasileira. Conclui-se no empenho do PPGPsi para sua consolidação na pesquisa e ensino da pós-graduação, na formação de recursos humanos e no impacto social.

This is an account of the creation and initial trajectory of the Graduate Program in Psychology at UFPI, based on a documentary background. Implemented in the city of Parnaíba-PI, since April 2017, it is noteworthy that is the only PPG in Psychology of the state, enabling psychologists and other professionals to articulate scientific development and knowledge production in the region. With a concentration area in Psychology, it has 10 permanent professors distributed in two research lines: 1) Psychosocial processes and their evaluation in different contexts; 2) Psychology, Collective Health and Subjectivation Processes and 55 students with active enrollment and 13 graduates. The analysis considered the activities developed, difficulties and challenges based on the paths and challenges posed to the Brazilian graduate. It concludes PPGPsi's commitment to its consolidation in postgraduate research and teaching, human resources training and social impact.

Este es un relato de la creación y la trayectoria inicial del Programa de Posgrado en Psicología en la UFPI, basado en antecedentes documentales. Implementado en la ciudad de Parnaíba-PI, desde abril de 2017, es notable que sea el único PPG en Psicología del estado, lo que permite a los psicólogos y otros profesionales articular el desarrollo científico y la producción de conocimiento en la región. Con un área de concentración en Psicología, cuenta con 10 profesores permanentes distribuidos en dos líneas de investigación: 1) Procesos psicosociales y su evaluación en diferentes contextos; 2) Procesos de psicología, salud colectiva y subjetivación y 55 estudiantes con matrícula activa y 13 egresos. El análisis consideró las actividades desarrolladas, las dificultades y los desafíos basados en los caminos y desafíos planteados al graduado brasileño. Concluye el compromiso de PPGPsi con su consolidación en investigación y enseñanza de posgrado, capacitación en recursos humanos e impacto social.

Discussion on the problems and countermeasures of medical education in pediatrics after graduation / 中国实用儿科杂志

clinicians,which play a key role in the process of pediatricians becoming talented. Post-graduation medical education in China has been continuously institutionalized and standardized,and has achieved remarkable progress. However,there are still many problems in the implementation process. The author will carry out in-depth analysis concerning the national policy,base construction,teacher construction and students themselves,propose countermeasures and suggestions for existing problems,and provide ideas for the formation of an efficient and sustainable mechanism for pediatric talent training.

Construction of pediatrician training system at the primary level / 中国实用儿科杂志

The pediatrician training system includes four levels of construction mode:the pediatric professional training for general practitioner, general pediatric professional training, pediatric skills training of community in-service physicians and pediatric continuing education for general pedestrians by Pediatric Professional Committee. Standardized and homogeneous training will help to improve children's health service system and change the current shortage of pediatric clinicians at the primary level.

Pós-Graduação senso estrito em saúde coletiva e o Sistema Único de Saúde / Post-graduation in collective health and the National Public Health System

Este artigo trata de política pública em educação, a Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, para identificar formas de diálogo dessa política, a partir de 1990, com a política pública em saúde, o SUS. Toma-se como produto principal da política de PGSC a formação de mestres e doutores, essenciais para a docência e a pesquisa na área. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos e bases de dados da CAPES. Concluiu-se que a política de educação foi consistente ao longo do tempo e nuclear para o desenvolvimento social, ao lado da política de saúde, sem apresentar pontos formais de intercessão, e seus impactos ocorrerão, principalmente, por meio de formação de bons e comprometidos profissionais, docentes e pesquisadores. Na PGSC mostram-se relevantes os mestrados profissionais, para vinculação mais direta das pós-graduações com o SUS, e os editais propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde para o financiamento de temas prioritários para o Sistema de Saúde. Os autores consideram que, mesmo nas iniciativas explícitas de aproximação do conhecimento produzido pela PG com a práxis no SUS, os mecanismos envolvidos na translação, tradução ou impacto do conhecimento científico para a prática concreta são complexos e devem ser analisados por meio de recortes por temas e contextos específicos.(AU)

This article deals with a public policy in education, Post Graduation in Collective Health, to identify forms of dialogue of this policy, with the public health policy, the SUS, starting in 1990. The main product of PGSC policy is the training of masters and doctors, essential for teaching and research in the field. Bibliographic review and analysis of CAPES documents and databases based the analysis. Education policy was consistent over time and core to social development, alongside health policy, without presenting formal points of intercession, and its impacts occur mainly through the formation of good and committed professionals, teachers and researchers. In PGSC, professional masters programs are more relevant, for a more direct link of postgraduate programs with the SUS, and the initiatives of the Ministry of Health to finance priorities in research for the Health System. Even ininitiatives that explicitly seek to approximate the knowledge produced by PG with praxis in the SUS, the mechanisms involved in translating or impacting scientific knowledge into concrete practice are complex and must be context specific andthematic.(AU)

Panorama da produção do conhecimento em atividade física adaptada nos programas de pós-graduação em Educação Física do estado do Paraná / Overview of the production of knowledge in physical activity adapted in the post-graduartion programs in Physical Education of state of Paraná / Panorama de la producción de conocimiento en la actividad física adaptada en programas de postgrado en Educación Física del estado de Paraná

No estado do Paraná, são quatro as Instituições de Ensino Superior, indicadas pela CAPES, que possuem programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Educação Física. Com o objetivo de conhecer a produção relacionada à atividade física adaptada no Paraná e compreender os caminhos que ela tem seguido, mapearam-se nestes programas todas as dissertações e teses relacionadas à temática. Ao todo, foram encontradas 17 pesquisas, 15 dissertações e 2 teses. quanto ao tipo de deficiência, são estudadas em maior número atividades voltadas a indivíduos com deficiência física, intelectual e visual, sendo que nenhuma exclusivamente com pessoas com deficiência auditiva foi encontrada. Ao pesquisar o currículo dos autores, concluiu-se que a maioria dos produtores das dissertações e teses tem envolvimento no "universo" para-desportivo e apresenta a tendência de pesquisar e publicar somente nesta área, ao contrário dos orientadores, em que somente a minoria é envolvida com a temática.

In Paraná State, there are four Institutions of Higher Education, indicated by CAPES, that have post-graduate programs stricto sensu in Physical Education. In order to know the production related to the Adapted Physical Activity in Paraná and to understand the paths that it has followed, all dissertations and theses related to the theme have been mapped in these programs. In all, 17 researches, 15 dissertations and 2 theses were found. Regarding the type of disability, a greater number of activities are studied for individuals with physical, intellectual and visual disabilities, none of whom are exclusively hearing impaired. In studying the authors' curriculum, it was concluded that most of the authors of dissertations and theses have some involvement in the parasport "universe", and that they tend to research and publish only in this area, unlike the advisors where only the minority is involved with the theme.

En el estado de Paraná, son cuatro las instituciones de educación superior, indicados por la CAPES, que tienen programas de postgrado stricto sensu en la Educación Física. Con el fin de conocer la producción relacionada con la Actividad Física Adaptada en Paraná y comprender las formas en que ha seguido, esbozó en estos programas de todas las disertaciones y tesis relacionadas con el tema. En total se encontraron 17 estudios, 15 disertaciones y 2 tesis. En cuanto al tipo de discapacidad, que se estudian en más números actividades dirigidas a las personas con discapacidades físicas, intelectuales y visuales, y ninguno exclusivamente a las personas con discapacidad auditiva fue encontrado. Al buscar en el currículum de los autores, se concluyó que la mayoría de los productores de disertaciones y tesis tienen participación en el "universo" para actividades deportivas y muestran una tendencia a investigar y publicar sólo en esta área, a diferencia de los orientadores donde sólo una minoría está implicado con el tema.

Perceptions of medical graduates and their workplace supervisors towards a medical school clinical audit program.

OBJECTIVES: This study explores how medical graduates and their workplace supervisors perceive the value of a structured clinical audit program (CAP) undertaken during medical school. METHODS: Medical students at the University of Notre Dame Fremantle complete a structured clinical audit program in their final year of medical school.  Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Notre Dame graduates (who had all completed the CAP), and seven workplace supervisors (quality and safety staff and clinical supervisors).  Purposeful sampling was used to recruit participants and data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Both graduates and workplace supervisors perceived the CAP to be valuable. A major theme was that the CAP made a contribution to individual graduate's medical practice, including improved knowledge in some areas of patient care as well as awareness of healthcare systems issues and preparedness to undertake scientifically rigorous quality improvement activities. Graduates perceived that as a result of the CAP, they were confident in undertaking a clinical audit after graduation.  Workplace supervisors perceived the value of the CAP beyond an educational experience and felt that the audits undertaken by students improved quality and safety of patient care. CONCLUSIONS: It is vital that health professionals, including medical graduates, be able to carry out quality and safety activities in the workplace. This study provides evidence that completing a structured clinical audit during medical school prepares graduates to undertake quality and safety activities upon workplace entry. Other health professional faculties may be interested in incorporating a similar program in their curricula.

Relationship Between the Number of Clinical Sites in Radiography Programs and Job Placement Rates of Graduates.

PURPOSE: To determine whether a relationship exists between the number of clinical sites available in radiography programs accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology and the job placement rates of graduates. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data on job placement rates and the number of clinical sites available in 438 degree-granting radiography programs from January 2015 to March 2015. RESULTS: A weak, negative, nonsignificant correlation existed between the number of clinical sites and the job placement rate (Spearman's rho = -.113, n = 438, P = .018). The coefficient of determination was 1.28%.Discussion Research evaluating factors contributing to graduate employability is limited but indicates no need for radiography program administrators to adjust clinical site numbers solely on the basis of improving graduate employability. CONCLUSION: The number of clinical sites available in a radiography program is not related to the job placement rate of its graduates.

Metrics development for the qualis of software technical production / Desenvolvimento de métricas para o qualis de produção técnica de software

Objective: To recommend metrics to qualify software production and to propose guidelines for the CAPES quadrennial evaluation of the Post-Graduation Programs of Medicine III about this issue. Method: Identification of the development process quality features, of the product attributes and of the software use, determined by Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), International Organization Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical (IEC), important in the perspective of the CAPES Medicine III Area correlate users, basing the creation proposal of metrics aiming to be used on four-year evaluation of Medicine III. Results: The in use software quality perception by the user results from the provided effectiveness, productivity, security and satisfaction that originate from its characteristics of functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability and portability (in use metrics quality). This perception depends on the specific use scenario. Conclusion: The software metrics should be included in the intellectual production of the program, considering the system behavior measurements results obtained by users' performance evaluation through out the favorable responses punctuation sum for the six in use metrics quality (27 sub-items, 0 to 2 points each) and for quality perception proof (four items, 0 to 10 points each). It will be considered as very good (VG) 85 to 94 points; good (G) 75 to 84 points; regular (R) 65 to 74 points; weak (W) 55 to 64 points; poor (P) <55 points.

Objetivo: Recomendar métrica para qualificar a produção de software propondo diretrizes para a avaliação dos Programas de Pós-Graduação da Medicina III. Método: Identificação das características de qualidade para o processo de desenvolvimento, para os atributos do produto e para o uso de software, determinadas pela Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), International Organization Standardization (ISO) e International Electrotechnical (IEC), importantes na perspectiva dos usuários correlatos da Área Medicina III da CAPES, embasando a criação de proposta para métrica do tema, com vistas à avaliação quadrienal dos cursos de pós-graduação. Resultados: A percepção de qualidade em uso do software pelo usuário resulta da efetividade, produtividade, segurança e satisfação proporcionada, que têm origem nas suas características de funcionalidade, confiabilidade, usabilidade, eficiência, manutenibilidade e portabilidade (métricas de qualidade em uso). Tal percepção depende do cenário de uso específico. Conclusão: A métrica de software deve ser incluída na produção intelectual do Documento de Área do programa, ponderando os resultados nas medidas de comportamento do sistema em avaliação de desempenho por usuários, considerando a somatória da pontuação favorável para as seis métricas de qualidade em uso (27 sub-itens, de 0 a 2 pontos cada) e a comprovação da percepção de qualidade (quatro itens, de 0 a 10 pontos cada). Será considerado muito bom (MB) de 85 a 94 pontos; bom (B) de 75 a 84 pontos; Regular (R) de 65 a 74 pontos; fraco (F) de 55 a 64 pontos; deficiente (D) < 55.

Scientific leaders for the future: primary and secondary education / Preparando lideranças científicas para o futuro: ensino médio e fundamental

Objective: To present a high school insertion pilot project in post graduate programs (PPG) and discuss the mechanisms for the formation of leaders in science. Methods: This study presents a review and pilot project. Bibliographic search occurred in sites of CAPES, MEC, SciELO and library of virtual books from January/ 2014 to February/2015. The pilot is in PPG-Medicine III Translational Surgery/UNIFESP and Pathophysiology and Surgical Sciences / UERJ. The junior undergraduate students (ICj) came from public school and develop scientific activities: scientific meetings, graduation and inclusion in research projects. The evaluation will occur at the end of one year, with the results essays, reports and participation in scientific events. Results: In Brazil, one of the main challenges of education is the high average years of study. The PNPG (2011-2020) shows the insertion of basic education in all PPG. In the Pathophysiology and Surgical Sciences/UERJ there are currently 11 high school students who have followed the scientific meetings and are being prepared for the inclusion in research projects. There was 30% of absence, owing to the high school hours. This result and the experience allow creating future alternatives to enhance the integration project. Conclusion: The leadership in science is formed from a complex relationship between basic education and investment in research. PPG-Medicine III courses follow the vanguard with initiatives focused on scientific and technological development. Thus, projects involving basic education students represent promoter model and environment leaders.

Objetivo: Apresentar um projeto piloto de inserção do ensino médio em programas de pós-graduação (PPG) e discutir os mecanismos para a formação de líderes em ciência. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de revisão e apresentação de piloto. A busca bibliográfica ocorreu nos sites da CAPES, MEC, Scielo e biblioteca de livros virtuais, de janeiro/2014 a fevereiro/2015. O piloto ocorre nos PPG-Medicina III em Cirurgia Translacional/UNIFESP e Fisiopatologia e Ciências Cirúrgicas/UERJ. Os alunos de iniciação científica júnior (ICj) são oriundos de escola pública e desenvolvem atividades científicas: participação em reuniões científicas, graduação e inserção nos projetos de pesquisa. A avaliação ocorrerá ao final de um ano, com redações dos resultados, relatórios e participações em eventos científicos. Resultados: No Brasil, um dos principais desafios da educação é a alta média de anos de estudo. O PNPG (2011-2020) apresenta a inserção da educação básica em todos os PPG. Na Fisiopatologia e Ciências Cirúrgicas/UERJ há atualmente 11 alunos do ensino médio, que já acompanharam as reuniões científicas e preparam-se para a inserção em projetos de pesquisa. Houve 30% de desistência, devido à alta carga horária escolar. Esse resultado e a experiência vivenciada permite criar alternativas futuras para aprimorar o projeto de inserção. Conclusão: A liderança em ciências é formada a partir de uma complexa relação entre educação básica e investimentos na pesquisa. Cursos de PPG-Medicina III seguem na vanguarda com iniciativas focadas no desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Assim, projetos envolvendo alunos da educação básica representam modelo e ambiente promotor de líderes.