The roles and responsibilities of advanced practice nurses in intensive care units: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Since the intensive care units are one of the most sensitive hospital settings and critically ill patients undergo various stressful factors that put their lives in danger, a more advanced level of nursing practice is imperative to accommodate these issues and provide optimal care of patients. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature describing the roles and activities performed by advanced practice nurses in intensive care units. REVIEW METHODS: We conducted a scoping review to search published articles using Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Science Direct, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost) and Cochrane Library during a 10-year period from 2013 to 2023. RESULTS: We identified 729 records, from which eleven articles were included in the review. We included six reviews and five original articles or research papers. With regard to the target area of our review, we used the information provided by these studies and categorized the contents related to the roles of advanced practice nurses in intensive care units into five sections, including direct practice, education and counseling, research, collaboration, and leadership. CONCLUSION: Advanced practice nurses are essential members of critical care team by playing various roles in practice, education, research, collaboration, and leadership, and therefore, they can increase patients' access to critical care and improve healthcare outcomes. The advancement of technology and complexity of care in intensive care units have led to the role expansion of these nurses which results in task-shifting between doctors and nurses. Therefore, it is considered essential for nursing and medical professionals to reach an agreement to establish standardized roles for advanced practice nurses.

Consideraciones bioéticas en el manejo de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: Una aproximación al quehacer fonoaudiológico

Introducción: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es la forma más común de enfermedad degenerativa de motoneurona en la edad adulta y es considerada una enfermedad terminal. Por lo mismo, el accionar del fonoaudiólogo debe considerar el respeto a los principios bioéticos básicos para garantizar una asistencia adecuada. Objetivo: Conocer aquellas consideraciones bioéticas relacionadas al manejo y estudio de personas con ELA para luego brindar una aproximación hacia el quehacer fonoaudiológico. Método: Se efectuó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y SciELO. Se filtraron artículos publicados desde 2000 hasta junio de 2023 y fueron seleccionados aquellos que abordaban algún componente bioético en población con ELA. Resultados: Aspectos relacionados al uso del consentimiento informado y a la toma de decisiones compartidas destacaron como elementos esenciales para apoyar la autonomía de las personas. Conclusión: Una correcta comunicación y una toma de decisiones compartida son claves para respetar la autonomía de las personas. A su vez, la estandarización de procedimientos mediante la investigación clínica permitirá aportar al cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos de beneficencia y no maleficencia, indispensables para la práctica profesional.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of degenerative motor neuron disease in adulthood and is considered a terminal disease. For this reason, the actions of the speech therapist must consider respect for basic bioethical principles to guarantee adequate assistance. Objective: To know those bioethical considerations related to the management and study of people with ALS to then provide an approach to speech therapy. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Articles published from 2000 to June 2023 were filtered and those that addressed a bioethical component in the population with ALS were selected. Results: Aspects related to the use of informed consent and shared decision-making stood out as essential elements to support people's autonomy. Conclusion: Proper communication and shared decision-making are key to respecting people's autonomy. In turn, the standardization of procedures through clinical research will contribute to compliance with the bioethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, essential for professional practice.

Outcomes of a Community of Practice on Quebec Speech Language Pathologists' Voice Assessment Practices and Professional Identity

In a context where different protocols for recommended practices in clinical voice assessment exist, while there are gaps in the literature regarding the evidence base supporting assessment procedures and measures, clinicians from regions where a strong community holding expertise in clinical and scientific voice practices lack can struggle to confidently develop their voice assessment practices. In an effort to improve voice assessment practices and strengthen professional identity among speech-language pathologists in Quebec, Canada, a community of practice (CoP) was established, with the aim of promoting knowledge sharing, implementing change in clinical practice, and improving professional identity. Thirty-nine participants took part in the CoP activities conducted over a four-month period, including virtual meetings and in-person workshops. Participants had a high rate of attendance (> 74% participation rate in virtual meetings), and were highly satisfied with their participation and intended to remain involved after the project's end. Statistically significant changes in voice assessment practices were observed post-CoP, regarding probability of performing assessments (p < .001), and perceived importance of assessment for evaluative purposes (p <.001), as well as improvements in assessment specific confidence, specifically for procedure of auditory-perceptual assessment (p < .001) and purpose of aerodynamic assessment (p = .05). Moreover, there was an increase in professional identity post-CoP (p < .001) and participants felt they made significant learnings. The present study highlighted the need to involve SLPs in future research to identify assessments that are relevant to the specific evaluative objectives of SLPs working with voice, and suggests CoPs are an efficient tool for that purpose.

En un contexto en el que existen diferentes protocolos para las prácticas recomendadas en la evaluación vocal clínica, y en el que se presentan vacíos en la literatura respecto a la base de evidencia que respalda los procedimientos y medidas de evaluación, los profesionales de regiones donde no hay una comunidad sólida con experiencia en prácticas vocales clínicas y científicas pueden enfrentar dificultades para desarrollar con confianza sus prácticas de evaluación vocal. Con el propósito de mejorar las prácticas de evaluación vocal y fortalecer la identidad profesional entre los logopedas de Quebec, Canadá, se estableció una comunidad de práctica (CdP). Esta tenía como objetivo fomentar el intercambio de conocimientos, implementar cambios en la práctica clínica y mejorar la identidad profesional. Un total de treinta y nueve participantes se involucraron en las actividades de la CdP, llevadas a cabo durante un período de cuatro meses, que incluyeron reuniones virtuales y talleres presenciales. Los participantes tuvieron una alta tasa de asistencia (> 74% de participación en las reuniones virtuales) y expresaron un alto grado de satisfacción con su participación, manifestando su intención de continuar involucrados después de la finalización del proyecto. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en las prácticas de evaluación vocal posterior a la CdP, en lo que respecta a la probabilidad de llevar a cabo evaluaciones (p < .001) y la percepción de la importancia de la evaluación con fines evaluativos (p < .001), así como mejoras en la confianza específica en la evaluación, particularmente en el procedimiento de evaluación auditivo-perceptual (p < .001) y el propósito de la evaluación aerodinámica (p = .05). Además, se registró un aumento en la identidad profesional posterior a la CdP (p < .001) y los participantes sintieron que obtuvieron aprendizajes significativos. El presente estudio destacó la necesidad de involucrar a los logopedas en investigaciones futuras, para identificar evaluaciones pertinentes a los objetivos evaluativos específicos de los logopedas que trabajan con la voz, y sugiere que las CdP son una herramienta eficiente con ese propósito.

Progress in medicine and artificial intelligence.

This essay questions, with regard to medicine, the idea of progress as technological development by focusing on people rather than things. It analyzes how the predominance of such an idea of progress converts today's societies to techno-fetishism that degrades community life and medical practice, contributing to the medicalization of social life. It is argued that the realization of technological potentialities depends on their forms of use; that the main motive of technological development is unlimited profit and that priority developments are those that enhance the social control that maintains the status quo. The intelligence as an intelligence quotient is criticized by proposing it as an attribute of the human being as a whole, manifested in the ways of thinking and proceeding of people in their circumstances, where affectivity and critical thinking are essential for their development; it is emphasized that its antecedent is the harmonic concert of planetary life that contrasts with the prevailing human disharmony. It is proposed that artificial intelligence is the most recent creation of techno-fetishism that deposits vital attributes in technology and that its forms of use will accentuate the degradation of human and planetary life. Another idea of medical progress is proposed, based on forms of organization conducive to the development of inquisitive, critical and collaborative skills that promote permanent improvement, whose distant horizon is dignifying progress: spiritual, intellectual, moral and convivial sublimation of collectivities in harmony with the planetary ecosystem.

Este ensayo cuestiona, a propósito de la medicina, la idea de progreso como desarrollo tecnológico al centrarlo en las personas y no en las cosas. Se analiza cómo el predominio de tal idea de progreso convierte a las sociedades actuales al tecno-fetichismo que degrada la vida comunitaria y la práctica médica contribuyendo a la medicalización de la vida social. Se argumenta que la realización de las potencialidades tecnológicas depende de sus formas de uso, que el móvil principal del desarrollo tecnológico es el lucro sin límites, y que los desarrollos prioritarios son los que potencian el control social que mantiene el statu quo. Se critica la idea de inteligencia como cociente intelectual al proponerla como atributo del ser humano como un todo, manifiesto en las formas pensar y proceder de las personas en sus circunstancias, donde la afectividad y el pensamiento crítico son imprescindibles para su desarrollo. Se destaca que su antecedente es el concierto armónico de la vida planetaria contrastante con la disarmonía humana imperante. Se plantea que la inteligencia artificial es la más reciente hechura del tecno-fetichismo que deposita en la tecnología atributos vitales, y que sus formas de uso acentuarán la degradación de la vida humana y planetaria. Se propone otra idea de progreso médico basado en formas de organización propicias para el desarrollo de aptitudes inquisitivas, críticas y colaborativas que impulsen la superación permanente, cuyo horizonte lejano es el progreso dignificante: sublimación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial de las colectividades en armonía con el ecosistema planetario.

Progress in medicine and artificial intelligence.

This essay challenges the idea of progress as technological development in relation to medicine by focusing on people rather than things. It analyzes how the prevalence of such an idea of progress leads contemporary societies to a technofetishism that degrades community life and medical practice, contributing to the medicalization of social life. It is argued that the realization of technological potentialities depends on their forms of use, that the main motive of technological development is unlimited profit, and the priority developments are those that enhance social control which maintains the status quo. Intelligence as an intelligence quotient is criticized by proposing it as an attribute of the human being as a whole, manifested in the ways of thinking and acting of human beings in their circumstances, where affectivity and critical thinking are essential for their development; it is emphasized that its antecedent is the harmonic concert of planetary life, which contrasts with the prevailing human disharmony. It is proposed that artificial intelligence is the latest creation of technofetishism, which deposits vital attributes in technology, and that its use will accentuate the degradation of human and planetary life. Another idea of medical progress is proposed, based on forms of organization that is conducive to the development of inquisitive, critical, and collaborative skills that promote permanent improvement, whose distant horizon is dignified progress: the spiritual, intellectual, moral, and convivial sublimation of collectivities in harmony with the planetary ecosystem.

Este ensayo cuestiona, a propósito de la medicina, la idea de progreso como desarrollo tecnológico al centrarlo en las personas no en las cosas. Se analiza cómo el predominio de tal idea de progreso convierte a las sociedades actuales al tecno-fetichismo que degrada la vida comunitaria y la práctica médica contribuyendo a la medicalización de la vida social. Se argumenta: que la realización de las potencialidades tecnológicas depende de sus formas de uso; que el móvil principal del desarrollo tecnológico es el lucro sin límites y que los desarrollos prioritarios son los que potencian el control social que mantiene el statu quo. Se critica la idea de inteligencia como cociente intelectual al proponerla como atributo del ser humano como un todo, manifiesto en las formas pensar y proceder de las personas en sus circunstancias, donde la afectividad y el pensamiento crítico son imprescindibles para su desarrollo. Se destaca que su antecedente es el concierto armónico de la vida planetaria contrastante con la disarmonía humana imperante. Se plantea que la inteligencia artificial es la más reciente hechura del tecno-fetichismo que deposita en la tecnología atributos vitales y que sus formas de uso acentuarán la degradación de la vida humana y planetaria. Se propone otra idea de progreso médico basado en formas de organización propicias para el desarrollo de aptitudes inquisitivas, críticas y colaborativas que impulsen la superación permanente, cuyo horizonte lejano es el progreso dignificante: sublimación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial de las colectividades en armonía con el ecosistema planetario.

Latin-American guidelines of recommendations at discharge from an acute coronary syndrome.

The diagnostic criteria, treatments at the time of admission, and drugs used in patients with acute coronary syndrome are well defined in countless guidelines. However, there is uncertainty about the measures to recommend during patient discharge planning. This document brings together the most recent evidence and the standardized and optimal treatment for patients at the time of discharge from hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome, for comprehensive and safe care in the patient's transition between care from the acute event to the outpatient care, with the aim of optimizing the recovery of viable myocardium, guaranteeing the most appropriate secondary prevention, reducing the risk of a new coronary event and mortality, as well as the adequate reintegration of patients into daily life.

Los criterios diagnósticos, los tratamientos en el momento de la admisión y los fármacos utilizados en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo están bien definidos en innumerables guías. Sin embargo, existe incertidumbre acerca de las medidas para recomendar durante la planificación del egreso de los pacientes. Este documento reúne las evidencias más recientes y el tratamiento estandarizado y óptimo para los pacientes al momento del egreso de una hospitalización por un síndrome coronario agudo, para un cuidado integral y seguro en la transición del paciente entre la atención del evento agudo y el cuidado ambulatorio, con el objetivo de optimizar la recuperación de miocardio viable, garantizar la prevención secundaria más adecuada, reducir el riesgo de un nuevo evento coronario y la mortalidad, así como la adecuada reinserción de los pacientes en la vida cotidiana.

Práticas de cuidado e necessidades de saúde de homens em atenção domiciliar / Care practices and health needs of men in home care / Prácticas de cuidado y necesidades de salud de los hombres en el cuidado domiciliario

Objetivo: Analisar as práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas para atender às necessidades de saúde de homens em atenção domiciliar. Métodos: Pesquisa observacional e qualitativa, realizada com 34 cuidadores e 24 homens assistidos pelo serviço de atenção domiciliar do município de João Pessoa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um roteiro com variáveis sociodemográficas e perguntas abertas. A Análise Crítica do Discurso foi utilizada como método de análise, com destaque para os significados representacional e identificacional dos discursos. Resultados: As práticas de cuidado e necessidades de saúde foram apontadas com base na relação hegemônica entre os atores do cuidado, associação do cuidado ao processo de trabalho informal, atuação da família, da atividade corresponsabilizada, e prática da autonomia e autocuidado. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se um cuidado multifacetado e executado por diversos atores com suporte de equipes multiprofissionais de atenção domiciliar. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the care practices developed to meet the health needs of men in home care. Methods: Observational and qualitative research, carried out with 34 caregivers and 24 men assisted by the home care service in the city of João Pessoa. Data collection was performed through a script with sociodemographic variables and open questions. Critical Discourse Analysis was used as a method of analysis, with emphasis on the representational and identificational meanings of the discourses. The research was approved according to the opinion number 1.829.326. Results: Care practices and health needs were identified based on the hegemonic relationship between the care actors, association of care with the informal work process, family activities and co-responsibility activities, and the practice of autonomy and self-care. Conclusion: There was evidence of a multifaceted care performed by different subjects with the support of multidisciplinary home care teams. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar las prácticas asistenciales desarrolladas para satisfacer las necesidades de salud de los hombres en la atención domiciliaria. Métodos: Investigación observacional y cualitativa, realizada con 34 cuidadores y 24 hombres asistidos por el servicio de atención domiciliaria en la ciudad de João Pessoa. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un guión con variables sociodemográficas y preguntas abiertas. Se utilizó el Análisis Crítico del Discurso como método de análisis, con énfasis en los significados representativos e identificativos de los discursos. La investigación fue aprobada de acuerdo al dictamen número 1.829.326. Resultados: Se identificaron prácticas de cuidado y necesidades de salud a partir de la relación hegemónica entre los actores del cuidado, la asociación del cuidado con el proceso de trabajo informal, las actividades familiares y de corresponsabilidad, y la práctica de la autonomía y el autocuidado. Conclusión: Se evidenció una atención multifacética realizada por diferentes sujetos con el apoyo de equipos multidisciplinares de atención domiciliaria. (AU)

Guía de práctica clínica informada en la evidencia para el abordaje de la obesidad en adultos. Versión completa. Mayo de 2024 / Evidence-informed clinical practice guide for adult obesity. Full Version. May 2024

En esta guía titulada: "Guía de práctica clínica informada en la evidencia para el abordaje de la obesidad en adultos" se presenta todo el proceso que se desarrolló para su adaptación, de acuerdo con el "Manual para el desarrollo de guías de la Organización Mundial de la Salud" y la "Guía para adaptar y aplicar directrices informadas por la evidencia en su segunda edición de la OPS año 2023". Las recomendaciones propuestas, fueron validadas por un panel con la participación de profesionales expertos clínicos del Sistema Nacional de Salud., asociaciones médicas y representantes de los pacientes. El abordaje del tratamiento de la obesidad en esta guía contribuirá a mejorar la calidad de atención de la población salvadoreña

This guide entitled "Evidence-informed clinical practice guide for the management of obesity in adults" presents the entire process that was developed for its adaptation, according to the "Manual for the development of guidelines of the World Health Organization" and the "Guide to adapt and apply guidelines informed by evidence in its second edition of PAHO year 2023". The proposed recommendations were validated by a panel with the participation of expert clinical professionals from the National Health System, medical associations and patient representatives. The approach to the treatment of obesity in this guide will contribute to improving the quality of care for the Salvadoran population

Guía de práctica clínica informada en la evidencia para el abordaje de la obesidad en adultos. Versión resumida. Mayo de 2024 / Evidence-informed clinical practice guide for the adult approach to obesity. Summary version. May 2024

En esta guía titulada: "Guía de práctica clínica informada en la evidencia para el abordaje de la obesidad en adultos" se presenta todo el proceso que se desarrolló para su adaptación, de acuerdo con el "Manual para el desarrollo de guías de la Organización Mundial de la Salud" y la "Guía para adaptar y aplicar directrices informadas por la evidencia en su segunda edición de la OPS año 2023". Las recomendaciones propuestas, fueron validadas por un panel con la participación de profesionales expertos clínicos del Sistema Nacional de Salud., asociaciones médicas y representantes de los pacientes. El abordaje del tratamiento de la obesidad en esta guía contribuirá a mejorar la calidad de atención de la población salvadoreña

This guide entitled "Evidence-informed clinical practice guide for the management of obesity in adults" presents the entire process that was developed for its adaptation, according to the "Manual for the development of guidelines of the World Health Organization" and the "Guide to adapt and apply guidelines informed by evidence in its second edition of PAHO year 2023". The proposed recommendations were validated by a panel with the participation of expert clinical professionals from the National Health System, medical associations and patient representatives. The approach to the treatment of obesity in this guide will contribute to improving the quality of care for the Salvadoran population

Autonomia profissional do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde: perspectivas para a prática avançada / Professional autonomy of nurses in primary health care: perspectives for advanced practice / Autonomía profesional de los enfermeros en la atención primaria de salud: perspectivas para la práctica avanzada

Objetivo: Descrever como os enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária identificam sua autonomia profissional no desenvolvimento das práticas de Enfermagem. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram de entrevistas online 28 enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária de um município do Sul do Brasil, entre o período de outubro de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021. Para tratamento dos dados, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: 1) Resolutividade das práticas da Enfermagem; 2) Respaldo nas regulamentações profissionais e evidências científicas. A Enfermagem dispõe de maior autonomia frente à atenção à saúde da mulher, Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e no cuidado à pessoa com feridas, pois no momento da consulta do enfermeiro, despontam habilidades e competências para a tomada de decisão na prática clínica. Em relação à regulamentação para exercício profissional, os profissionais enfatizaram a importância dos protocolos para respaldar as ações. Conclusão: O protagonismo do enfermeiro e sucesso nas experiências indicam um caminho promissor para a discussão e implementação da Enfermagem de Prática Avançada no Brasil. (AU)

Objective: To describe how nurses working in Primary Care identify their professional autonomy in the development of Nursing practices. Methods: This is an exploratory, descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Twenty-eight nurses who work in Primary Care in a municipality in southern Brazil participated in online interviews, between October 2020 and February 2021. For data processing, thematic content analysis was used. Results: Two categories emerged: 1) Resolving nursing practices; 2) Support in professional regulations and scientific evidence. Nursing has greater autonomy in the care of women's health, Sexually Transmitted Infections and in the care of the person with wounds, because at the time of the nurse's consultation, skills and competences for decision-making in clinical practice emerge. Regarding regulation for professional practice, professionals emphasized the importance of protocols to support actions. Conclusion: The role of nurses and success in the experiences indicate a promising path for the discussion and implementation of Advanced Practice Nursing in Brazil. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir cómo los enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria identifican su autonomía profesional en el desarrollo de las prácticas de Enfermería. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, con abordaje cualitativo. Veintiocho enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria de un municipio del sur de Brasil participaron de entrevistas en línea, entre octubre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Para el procesamiento de datos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Emergieron dos categorías: 1) Prácticas resolutivas de enfermería; 2) Apoyo en normativa profesional y evidencia científica. La enfermería tiene mayor autonomía en el cuidado de la salud de la mujer, Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y en el cuidado de la persona con heridas, porque en el momento de la consulta del enfermero emergen habilidades y competencias para la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica. En cuanto a la regulación para la práctica profesional, los profesionales destacaron la importancia de los protocolos para apoyar las acciones. Conclusión: El papel de los enfermeros y el éxito de las experiencias indican un camino promisorio para la discusión e implementación de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en Brasil. (AU)

Enfermagem de práticas avançadas no atendimento pré-hospitalar: desafios e estratégias de implementação / Advanced practice nursing in pre-hospital care: challenges and implementation strategies / Enfermería de práctica avanzada en la atención prehospitalaria: desafíos y estrategias de implementación

Objetivo: Mapear e analisar os potenciais desafios e estratégias na implementação da Enfermagem de Práticas Avançadas, no modelo de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel brasileiro, a partir da experiência de outros países. Métodos: Revisão narrativa, a partir da análise da literatura sobre o tema, realizada em duas etapas: Revisão de documentos de entidades internacionais e busca de artigos nas bases nas bases Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo e no Google Scholar. Ao final, foi realizada a análise de cada desafio elencado e suas respectivas estratégias, quando aplicados ao modelo pré-hospitalar móvel brasileiro. Resultados: Os principais desafios analisados foram: compreensão do papel dos enfermeiros de práticas avançadas; a definição do escopo de práticas e das políticas de formação e qualificação; a regulamentação da atuação; a redução da resistência médica; os custos de implementação e a definição de mecanismos de remuneração. As estratégias de enfrentamento incluem: a sensibilização do público, definição do conjunto de prerrogativas e dos mecanismos de credenciamento e formação, associados a constituição de currículos potentes. Conclusão: Foram mapeados e analisados desafios e estratégias, que permitiram antecipar o cenário de aplicação da proposta da Enfermagem de Práticas Avançadas no modelo pré-hospitalar brasileiro, viabilizando proposição de ações fundamentais para a implementação e o sucesso da estratégia no país. (AU)

Objective: To map and analyze the potential challenges and strategies in the implementation of Advanced Practice Nursing in the Brazilian mobile pre-hospital care model, based on the experience of other countries. Methods: Narrative review, based on the literature on the subject, carried out in two stages: Review of documents from international organizations and search for articles in the databases Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo and Google Scholar. At the end, the analysis of each challenge listed and their respective strategies was carried out, when applied to the Brazilian mobile prehospital model. Results: The main challenges analyzed were: understanding the role of advanced practice nurses; definition of the scope of training and qualification practices and policies; the regulation of performance; the reduction of medical resistance; implementation costs and definition of remuneration mechanisms. Coping strategies include: raising public awareness, defining the set of prerogatives and mechanisms for accreditation and training, associated with building powerful curricula. Conclusion: Challenges and strategies were mapped and analyzed, which made it possible to anticipate the scenario of application of the Advanced Practice Nursing proposal in the brazilian prehospital model, enabling the proposition of fundamental actions for the implementation and success of the strategy in the country. (AU)

Objetivos: Objetivos: Mapear y analizar los potenciales desafíos y estrategias en la implementación de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en el modelo de atención prehospitalaria móvil brasileña, a partir de la experiencia de otros países. Métodos: Revisión narrativa, basada en la literatura sobre el tema, realizada en dos etapas: Revisión de documentos de organismos internacionales y búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo y Google Scholar. Al final, se realizó el análisis de cada desafío listado y sus respectivas estrategias, cuando se aplicó al modelo prehospitalario móvil brasileño. Resultados: Los principales desafíos analizados fueron: comprender el papel de las enfermeras de práctica avanzada; definición del alcance de las prácticas y políticas de formación y cualificación; la regulación del desempeño; la reducción de la resistencia médica; costos de implementación y definición de mecanismos de retribución. Las estrategias de afrontamiento incluyen: sensibilizar al público, definir el conjunto de prerrogativas y mecanismos de acreditación y formación, asociados con la construcción de planes de estudio potentes. Conclusión: Se mapearon y analizaron desafíos y estrategias que permitieron anticipar el escenario de aplicación de la propuesta de Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en el modelo prehospitalario brasileño, posibilitando la proposición de acciones fundamentales para la implementación y éxito de la estrategia en el país. (AU)

The advancement of critical care nursing as a response to the current demands.

The current demand on health services requires that nurses play a key role, by adapting their competencies to different fields and complexity levels. The approach of situations presented by critically ill patients underpins the need for development of specialised competencies in specific areas such as patient safety, prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections, performance of specific techniques and interventions, autonomous medication management or the use of technology, among others. Spain relies on a specialist training programme that is unique worldwide. Training admission is managed through a contract as a "Resident Nurse Intern" (EIR, Enfermera Interna Residente), provided by regional healthcare services. Only 6 specialities have been established and developed, in an uneven manner and with a short provision of places, annually. Given that the specialization in critical care nursing does not exist, nurses usually self-fund their postgraduate training to enhance their opportunities career development. The development of a speciality for critical care nursing is a priority. The models proposed advocate for creating nursing roles that could cover the systemic gaps through the expansion of their competencies and the introduction of procedures that fit nursing into advanced practice, which could be achieved through Advanced Accreditation Diplomas. Simultaneously, it would be convenient to analyse how and why such a dynamic discipline in some countries became stuck in anachronistic models of the Spanish healthcare system. This analysis might contribute to move forward on the development of areas of improvement in terms of service access and quality of care.

Quality assessment of clinical practice guidelines on hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborns using the AGREE II tool: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome of neurological dysfunction that occurs immediately after birth following an episode of perinatal asphyxia. We conducted a scoping review to assess the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines that address this condition. METHODOLOGY: We conducted the evaluation using the AGREE II tool. High methodological quality was defined as a score greater than 70% in every domain. RESULTS: The analysis included three clinical practice guidelines; the highest scores were in the scope and purpose domain (84.26%; SD, 14.25%) and the clarity of presentation domain (84.26%; SD, 17.86%), while the lowest score corresponded to the applicability domain (62.50%; SD, 36.62%). Two guidelines were classified as high quality and one guideline as low-quality. CONCLUSIONS: Two of the assessed guidelines were classified as being of high quality; however, the analysis identified shortcomings in the applicability domain, in addition to methodological variation between guidelines developed in middle- or low-income countries versus high-income countries. Efforts are needed to make high-quality guidelines available to approach the management of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborns.

Executive Summary of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Therapy (SEDAR) Spanish Society of Emergency and Emergency Medicine (SEMES) and Spanish Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) Guideline for difficult airway management.

The Airway section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), Spanish Society of Emergency and Emergency Medicine (SEMES) and Spanish Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guidelines for the integral management of difficult airway in adult patients. This document provides recommendations based on current scientific evidence, theoretical-educational tools and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to the treatment of the airway in the field of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies and prehospital medicine. Its principles are focused on the human factors, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations and optimization in the progression of the application of strategies to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to improve safety and quality of care.

Designing and implementing an Advanced Nurse Practice in Critical Care programme from a university perspective within Northern Ireland.

The number of advanced practice roles in healthcare is increasing in response to several factors such as changes in medical education, economic pressures, workforce shortages and the increasing complexity of health needs of the population. The Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Curriculum, developed by the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine in the UK (United Kingdom), enables the development and delivery of a structured education programme which can contribute to addressing these challenges. This article outlines how one university designed and implemented this programme, the first of its kind in Northern Ireland.

Guía de práctica clínica para la atención a niños y adolescentes con enfermedad renal crónica

La enfermedad renal crónica constituye un problema de salud por su impacto sobre los individuos, la sociedad y la economía. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, y luego de una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, se diseñó una guía de práctica clínica en el Policlínico Luis Augusto Turcios Lima de la provincia de Pinar del Río, dirigida a los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes con dicha enfermedad. Esta fue elaborada por los métodos de la medicina basada en la evidencia, según el consenso y la opinión de los expertos. Se logró generalizar esta herramienta, emitir recomendaciones y actualizarla acorde con las nuevas evidencias médicas. Finalmente, resultó evaluada por los expertos como muy recomendada.

Chronic renal disease constitutes a health problem due to its impact on individuals, society and economy. Taking into account the above-mentioned, and after a wide literature search, a clinical practice guide was designed in Luis Augusto Turcios Lima Polyclinic from Pinar del Río province, directed to primary health care professionals, aimed at improving the life quality of children and adolescents with this disease. It was elaborated by medicine methods based on the evidence, according to the consent and opinion of experts. It was possible to generalize this tool, give recommendations and up to date according to the new medical evidences. Finally, it was evaluated by experts as very recommended.

Lineamientos para la prevención y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides en pediatría / Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in pediatrics

Objetivo. Proporcionar un marco para profesionales de la salud que tratan a pacientes pediátricos bajo terapia con glucocorticoides (GC) y desarrollar recomendaciones para la prevención y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por GC en la población pediátrica. Métodos. Un panel de expertos en enfermedades óseas y pediátricas generó una serie de preguntas PICO que abordan aspectos relacionados con la prevención y el tratamiento de osteoporosis en pacientes bajo tratamiento con GC. Siguiendo la metodología GRADE, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se resumieron las estimaciones del efecto y se calificó la calidad de la evidencia. Luego se procedió a la votación y a la formulación de las recomendaciones. Resultados. Se desarrollaron 7 recomendaciones y 6 principios generales para osteoporosis inducida por GC en población pediátrica. Conclusión. Estas recomendaciones proporcionan orientación para los médicos que deben tomar decisiones en pacientes pediátricos bajo tratamiento con GC.

Objective. To provide a framework for healthcare professionals managing pediatric patients who are on active glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and to develop recommendations for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Methods. A panel of experts on bone and pediatric diseases developed a series of PICO questions that address issues related to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients on GC therapy. In accordance with the GRADE approach, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, summarized effect estimations, and classified the quality of the evidence. Then, voting and the formulation of recommendations followed. Results. Seven recommendations and six general principles were developed for GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Conclusion. These recommendations provide guidance for clinicians who must make decisions concerning pediatric patients undergoing treatment with GC.

Demanda de cuidado nutricional de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista em uma região de acesso remoto / Demandas de atención nutricional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista en una región de acceso remoto / Nutritional care demands of children with autism spectrum disorder in a remote access region

Introdução: O transtorno do espectro autista é uma condição neuropsiquiátrica que demanda atenção interdisciplinar e multiprofissional. A abordagem nutricional é necessária frente aos possíveis sintomas associados, como seletividade alimentar e alterações do hábito intestinal. Famílias residentes em locais de acesso limitado à serviços de saúde podem possuir dificuldades para o adequado acompanhamento. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de atendimentos em nutrição realizados pela Liga Acadêmica de Nutrição e Saúde Coletiva a crianças com transtorno do espectro autista explorando as principais demandas identificadas e enfrentadas em uma região de acesso remoto. Metodologia: Abordagem descritiva, do tipo relato de experiência, de atendimentos realizados no município de Coari, interior do Amazonas. Os encontros foram realizados com vista a identificar demandas e refletir sobre a melhor maneira de auxiliar as crianças com essas comorbidades. Resultados: Foram atendidas 9 crianças, nem todas com o diagnóstico fechado. Seletividade alimentar, distúrbios gastrointestinais e excesso de peso foram desafios recorrentes. Nota-se a carência da percepção da importância do acompanhamento nutricional, em um cenário de relatos importantes sobre as dificuldades no acesso a medicações, por falta no município ou por ausência de recursos para aquisição, assim como terapias especializadas. Aspectos que se tornam ainda mais desafiadores frente à distância geográfica e carência de profissionais especializados e que realizem uma atenção multiprofissional. Conclusões: O acompanhamento nutricional adequado é essencial para atender às necessidades específicas e melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas crianças. Diante das limitações identificadas na região, são necessários esforços contínuos para desenvolver soluções que garantam uma assistência inclusiva e eficaz às crianças com transtorno do espectro autista no interior do Amazonas. A colaboração entre instituições, a conscientização da comunidade e o fortalecimento da rede de saúde local são cruciais para promover uma abordagem abrangente e de alta qualidade para essas crianças e suas famílias (AU).

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neuropsychiatric condition that demands interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary attention. Nutritional intervention is necessary in the face of possible associated symptoms, such as food selectivity and changes in bowel habits. Families living in places with limited access to health services may have difficulties in obtaining adequate support and follow-up.Objective: Reporting the experience of nutrition services provided by the Academic League of Nutrition and Public Health to children with autism spectrum disorder, exploring the main identified demands and challengesfaced in a remote access region. Methodology:Descriptive approach, experience of an report, of services provided in the municipality of Coari, in the interiorof Amazonas. The meetings were held with the aim identifying demands and reflecting on the best way to assistchildren with these comorbidities. Results: Ninechildren attended to, not all with a confirmed diagnosis. Food selectivity, gastrointestinal disorders and overweight were recurring challenges. There is a lack of perception of the importance of nutritional monitoring, in a scenario where there areimportant reportsofdifficulties in accessing medications, either due to lack of availability in the municipality or lack of resources for acquisition, as well as specialized therapies. Theseaspects become even more challenging given the geographical distance and scarcity of specialized professionals whocanprovide multidisciplinary care. Conclusions: Adequate nutritional monitoring is essential to meet the specific needs and improve the quality of life of these children. Given the limitations identified in the region, continuous efforts are needed to develop solutions that guarantee inclusive and effective assistance for children with autism spectrum disorder in the interior of Amazonas. Collaboration between institutions, community awareness, and strengthening the local health network are crucial to promoting a comprehensive, high-quality approach for these children and their families (AU).

Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista es una condiciónneuropsiquiátrica que requiere atención interdisciplinaria y multidisciplinaria. El enfoque nutricionales frente a losposibles síntomas, como selectividad alimentaria y alteraciones delhábitosintestinales. Las familias que viven en lugares con accesolimitado a los servicios de salud pueden tener dificultades para recibir un seguimiento adecuado. Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia de los servicios de nutrición brindados por la Liga Académica de Nutrición y Salud Pública a niños con trastorno del espectro autista, explorando las principales demandas identificadas y enfrentadas en una región de acceso remoto.Metodología: Enfoque descriptivo, relato de experiencia, de los servicios prestados en Coari, en el interior de Amazonas. Los encuentros se realizaron con el objetivo de identificar demandas y reflexionar sobre la mejor manera de ayudar. Resultados:Se atendieron 9 niños, no todos con diagnóstico confirmado. Selectividad alimentaria, trastornos gastrointestinales y exceso de peso fueron desafíos recurrentes. Se observa una falta percepción de la importancia del seguimiento nutricional, en un escenario de informes importantes sobre las dificultades en el acceso a medicamentos, debido a lafaltade suministro en el municipio o a la falta de recursos para su adquisición, así como terapias especializadas. Estosaspectos que se vuelven aún más desafiantes dada la distancia geográfica y falta de profesionales especializados que brinden una atención multidisciplinaria.Conclusiones: Un adecuado seguimiento nutricional es fundamental para satisfacerlas necesidades específicas y mejorar la calidad de vida de estos niños. Antelas limitaciones identificadas, se necesitan esfuerzos continuos para desarrollar soluciones que garanticen una atención inclusiva y efectiva estosniños en el interior de Amazonas. Colaboración entre instituciones, concientización comunitaria y fortalecimiento de la red de salud local son cruciales para promover un enfoque integral y de alta calidad para estos niños com trastorno del espectro autista y sus familias (AU).

Cierre de herida en cirugía protésica de rodilla y cadera (PTR y PTC): Resultados de una encuesta sobre la práctica clínica en España / Wound closure after knee and hip replacement (TKA and THA): Survey results on the clinical practice in Spain

Introducción y objetivos: En cirugía protésica de rodilla y cadera está claro que aún no se ha desarrollado una técnica de cierre estandarizada óptima. A nivel local no existen datos que describan la práctica quirúrgica habitual en cierre de herida. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el cierre de herida en cirugía protésica a través de una encuesta sobre una muestra representativa a nivel nacional y así obtener información sobre el contexto del cierre en España. Material y método: Se conforma un grupo ad hoc de especialistas en cirugía protésica. El grupo de expertos, posterior al análisis de la literatura, elabora un cuestionario de 32 preguntas cerradas de opción múltiple, divididas en los siguientes bloques: hemostasia, cierre quirúrgico de la herida y apósitos. Resultados: Un total de 471 cirujanos respondieron la encuesta de forma completa y con información suficiente para efectuar el análisis descriptivo; 79% cree que el ácido tranexámico (ATX) puede influir en la disminución de tasa de infección de sitio quirúrgico; 96% cree que el tipo de cierre profundo a nivel de la artrotomía podría influir en los resultados y complicaciones tras prótesis de cadera y/o rodilla; 85% cree que el tipo de cierre superficial a nivel subcutáneo puede influir en los resultados y complicaciones tras prótesis de cadera y/o rodilla; 64% de los cirujanos utiliza la terapia de presión negativa incisional de simple uso para el tratamiento de las complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica (seromas, drenaje prolongado, dehiscencias). Conclusiones: Existe en nuestro entorno una alta variabilidad en el cierre de la herida y una baja inversión en formación sobre este tema. Los autores recomiendan a las diferentes sociedades científicas la inversión de recursos para mejorar la formación en dicho campo y reducir el porcentaje de cirujanos que se consideran inadecuadamente formados, así como adaptar las técnicas de cierre a aquellas consideradas patrón oro según la evidencia.(AU)

Background and objective: In orthopedic surgery, it is clear that an optimal standardized closure technique has not yet been developed. Locally, there are no objective data describing the standard surgical practice in wound closure. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical practice of surgical wound closure in orthopedic surgery by means of a survey of a representative local sample and thus obtain information on the context of closure in Spain. Method: an ad hoc group of specialists in orthopedic surgery and traumatology was formed. The group of experts, after analyzing the literature, developed a questionnaire of 32 closed multiple-choice questions divided into the following blocks: hemostasis, surgical wound closure (deep, superficial, and cutaneous), and dressings. Results: A total of 471 surgeons responded to the survey completely and with sufficient information to perform the descriptive analysis. 79% believe that ATX can influence the decrease in surgical site infection rate. 96% believe that the type of deep closure at the level of the arthrotomy could influence outcomes and complications after hip and/or knee replacements. 85% believe that the type of shallow closure at the subcutaneous level may influence outcomes and complications after hip and/or knee replacement. 64% of surgeons use single-use incisional negative pressure therapy for the treatment of surgical wound complications (seroma, prolonged drainage, dehiscence). Conclusions: There is a high level of variability in wound closure in our setting and a low level of training on the subject. The authors recommend that the different scientific societies invest resources to improve training in this field and reduce the percentage of surgeons who are considered inadequately trained, as well as adapting closure techniques to those considered gold standard according to the evidence.(AU)