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1.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 98: e202402006, Feb. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-231349

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: a partir del 1 enero de 2020, los institutos de medicina legal y ciencias forenses (imlcf) empezaron a declarar las causas de muerte directamente al instituto nacional de estadística (ine) mediante una aplicación web (iml-web). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de la implementación de esta aplicación en la calidad de los datos recogidos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo utilizando datos de las defunciones con intervención judicial ocurridas en cataluña. Se comparó la información del período 2015-2018 y de 2019 con la de 2020. Se calcularon los porcentajes, con intervalo de confianza, de las causas de defunción poco específicas, según diferentes clasificaciones, sobre el total de causas por período y división judicial. Resultados: el porcentaje total de causas de defunción poco específicas se redujo, de forma no significativa, 1,6 puntos entre el período 2015-2018 y el año 2020. El mismo indicador entre el año 2019 y 2020 se redujo 13,4 puntos. El porcentaje de defunciones poco específicas de causas externas mostró reducciones estadísticamente significativas entre ambos períodos. En general los indicadores mostraron diferencias territoriales. Conclusiones: la implementación del iml-web en el año 2020 supone, en comparación con 2019, una mejora en la calidad de la información notificada. En cambio, si se compara con el período 2015-2018, los datos muestran una calidad similar. A nivel general se valora que la información proporcionada por el imlcf de cataluña a través del iml-web es precisa, pero todavía tiene margen de mejora.(AU)


Background: on january first, 2020, the institutes of legal medicine and forensic sciences (imlcf) began to inform the causes of death directly to the national statistics institute (ine) through a web application (iml-web). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of this application on the quality of the data collected.methods: a descriptive study using deaths data with judicial intervention that occurred in catalonia was carried out. The data of the period 2015-2018 and 2019 was compared with 2020. The percentages, with confidence intervals, of the causes of death that were not specific, according to different classifications, were calculated on the total of cases by period and territory.results: the total percentage of non-specific deaths had decreased, not significantly, by 1.6 points between the period 2015-2018 and 2020. The same indicator between 2019 and 2020 had decreased by 13.4 points. The percentage of non-specific deaths from external causes showed significant drops between both periods and 2020. In general, the indicators displayed territorial differences.conclusions: the roll-out of the iml-web implies, compared to 2019, an improvement in the quality of the data. On the other hand, compared to the period 2015-2018, the data show a similar level of quality. Generally, it is assessed that the information provided by imlcf of catalonia through the iml-web is accurate, but still has room for improvement.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cause of Death , Mortality Registries , Data Accuracy , Quality Control , Forensic Pathology , Mortality , Spain , Public Health
2.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 65 Suppl 2: S59-S70, 2023 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37858354

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultation. Most of the patients will have nonspecific LBP, which usually are self-limited episodes. It is unclear which of the diagnostic imaging pathways is most effective and costeffective and how the imaging impacts on patient treatment. Imaging techniques are usually indicated if symptoms remain after 6 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the diagnostic imaging examination of choice in lumbar spine evaluation of low back pain; however, availability of MRI is limited. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) with MRI (as standard of reference) in the evaluation of chronic low back pain (LBP) without red flags symptoms. To compare the results obtained by two radiologists with different grades of experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with chronic low back pain without red flags symptoms were retrospectively reviewed by two observers with different level of experience. Patients included had undergone a lumbar or abdominal CT and an MRI within a year. Once the radiological information was collected, it was then statistically reviewed. The aim of the statistical analysis is to identify the equivalence between both diagnostic techniques. To this end, sensitivity, specificity and validity index were calculated. In addition, intra and inter-observer reliability were measured by Cohen's kappa values and also using the McNemar test. RESULTS: 340 lumbar levels were evaluated from 68 adult patients with chronic low back pain or sciatica. 63.2% of them were women, with an average age of 60.3 years (SD 14.7). CT shows high values of sensitivity and specificity (>80%) in most of the items evaluated, but sensitivity was low for the evaluation of density of the disc (40%) and for the detection of disc herniation (55%). Moreover, agreement between MRI and CT in most of these items was substantial or almost perfect (Cohen's kappa-coefficient > 0'8), excluding Modic changes (kappa = 0.497), degenerative changes (kappa0.688), signal of the disc (kappa = 0.327) and disc herniation (kappa = 0.639). Finally, agreement between both observers is mostly high (kappa > 0.8). Foraminal stenosis, canal stenosis and the grade of the canal stenosis were overdiagnosed by the inexperienced observer in the evaluation of CT images. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: CT is as sensitive as lumbar MRI in the evaluation of most of the items analysed, excluding Modic changes, degenerative changes, signal of the disc and disc herniation. In addition, these results are obtained regardless the experience of the radiologist. The rising use of diagnostic medical imaging and the improvement of image quality brings the opportunity of making a second look of abdominal CT in search of causes of LBP. Thereby, inappropriate medical imaging could be avoided (2). In addition, it would allow to reduce MRI waiting list and prioritize other patients with more severe pathology than LBP.


Subject(s)
Intervertebral Disc Displacement , Low Back Pain , Adult , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Low Back Pain/diagnostic imaging , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Constriction, Pathologic , Reproducibility of Results , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(5)oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431692

ABSTRACT

La estadística es uno de los pilares de la ciencia, especialmente para describir y analizar los datos, la que ha progresado exponencialmente en los últimos años. Se le debe entender como un apoyo fundamental para la toma de decisiones en las distintas disciplinas. Los análisis exploratorios son descritos como el primer paso en la estadística, buscando organizar, representar y describir los datos, pero muchas veces este proceso se vuelve complejo, siendo importante realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la matriz de datos. Es objetivo de este manuscrito describir una propuesta metodológica para la validación de bases de datos aplicada a las ciencias de la salud. Esta metodología consta de seis etapas: cuatro de ellas obligatorias y sucesivas, y las otras dos opcionales. En la literatura médica, estos procedimientos general-mente son pasados por alto; buscamos, en consecuencia, recalcar la importancia de este proceso como previo a los análisis exploratorios.


Statistics is one of the pillars of science, especially to describe and analyze data, it has progressed exponentially in recent years. Being the fundamental support for decision-making in different disciplines. Exploratory analyzes are described as the first step in statistics, seeking to organize, represent and describe the data, but many times this process becomes complex, and it is important to carry out an exhaustive review of the data matrix. The aim of this manuscript was to describe a methodological proposal for databases validation applied to health sciences. This methodology consists of 6 stages, 4 of them compulsory and successive, and the other two, optional. In the literature these procedures are generally overlooked, our purpose is thus to emphasize the importance of this process prior to exploratory analyzes.

4.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385799

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to compare the trueness and precision of physical models manufactured chairside (intraoral scanner and 3D printed) or by plaster models obtained using impression with alginate or addition silicone. A full- arch stainless steel die was impressed to obtain ten physical models for each group. The models were measured in a stereomicroscope, considering four linear distances. To assess the precision accuracy, an analysis of the measurement variability was carried out, identified by the coefficients of variation and by the Levene's test to compare the groups. To analyze trueness, the data average was subtracted from the database and compared considering alpha as 5 %. Considering precision, the higher dispersion of data occurred in the models obtained with silicone impression. And for trueness, Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests results did not indicate differences between the groups in the anteroposterior linear distances (p> 0.05). Only in anterior transverse distance obtained through TRIOS (0.31 mm), it presented lower accuracy compared to the models from silicone impression (0.13 mm); however, at transverse posterior distance, the models from silicone impression showed the lowest accuracy (p 0.05). The physical dental models obtained by digital and analog workflows showed acceptable dimensional accuracy expressed by high precision and trueness. There is no difference between the evaluated intraoral scanner systems and the impression materials for the full-arch impression.


RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la veracidad y precisión de modelos físicos fabricados en la clínica dental (escáner intraoral e impreso en 3D) o por modelos de yeso obtenidos mediante impresión con alginato o silicona de adición. Una matriz de acero inoxidable de arco completo fue impresa para obtener diez modelos físicos para cada grupo. Los modelos se midieron en un estereomicroscopio, considerando cuatro distancias lineales. Se realizó un análisis de la variabilidad de la medida para evaluar la precisión, identificada por los coeficientes de variación y por la prueba de Levene para comparar los grupos. Para analizar la veracidad, el promedio de los datos se restó de la base de datos y se comparó considerando alfa como 5 %. Considerando la precisión, la mayor dispersión de datos ocurrió en los modelos obtenidos con impresión de silicona. Y para la veracidad, los resultados de las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis y Dunn no indicaron diferencias entre los grupos en las distancias lineales anteroposteriores (p> 0,05). Solo en la distancia transversal anterior obtenida mediante TRIOS (0,31 mm) presentó menor precisión en comparación con los modelos de impresión de silicona (0,13 mm); sin embargo, la distancia transversal posterior, los modelos de impresión de silicona mostraron la menor precisión (p 0,05). Los modelos dentales físicos obtenidos mediante flujos de trabajo digitales y analógicos mostraron una precisión dimensional aceptable expresada por alta precisión y veracidad. No se observó diferencia entre los sistemas de escáner intraoral evaluados y los materiales de impresión para la impresión de arco completa.

5.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 31(supl.1): 139-148, sep.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-717065

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: describir la precisión de las variables sobre estratificación social del fallecido y el impacto de factores personales, profesionales e institucionales en la exactitud de los datos de las estadísticas de defunción producidas entre los años 2001 y 2009 en la Argentina. METODOLOGIA: estudio descriptivo que utiliza las bases de datos de la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información de Salud de la Argentina. Se realiza un análisis estadístico descriptivo para determinar el nivel y la tendencia en la precisión de las variables seleccionadas y regresiones logísticas para determinar la influencia de diferentes factores en la exactitud de la información. RESULTADOS: se verifican niveles de precisión excelentes (dos variables), regulares (dos variables) y malos (cuatro variables). Los dos primeros grupos tienden a mantener o mejorar su situación a lo largo del tiempo, mientras que el tercero tiende a empeorarla. La inexactitud de la mayoría de las variables mostró una elevada asociación con ciertas regiones de residencia, etapas del ciclo vital, tipos de establecimientos de salud y modalidades de atención y certificación médica. DISCUSION:el uso de las estadísticas de defunción para el seguimiento de los determinantes sociales de la salud exige el mejoramiento de la exactitud de las variables sobre estratificación social del fallecido. Se recomienda implementar campañas de sensibilización, mejorar la capacitación de los médicos, actualizar los mecanismos de control de calidad e incrementar la infraestructura física y organizacional.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the accuracy of social stratification variables of the deceased, and the impact of personal, professional and institutional factors in the accuracy of the data, in death statistics from Argentina (2001-2009). METHODOLOGY: An exploratory-descriptive study, using the databases of the Department of Health Statistics and Information of Argentina. Descriptive statistic was used to determine the level and trend in the accuracy of a set of variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the influence of different factors on the accuracy of the information. RESULTS: Two variables had excellent accuracy, two variables had regular accuracy, and four variables had unsatisfactory accuracy. The first two groups of variables improve their situation. The third group makes it worse. The inaccuracy of most variables showed a high association with certain regions of residence, lifecycle stages, and certain types of health care and medical certification. DISCUSSION: The use of death statistics for monitoring the social determinants of health requires improving the accuracy of the variables on social stratification of the deceased. We recommend implementing awareness campaigns, improve training of doctors, upgrade quality control mechanisms and increase physical and organizational infrastructure.

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