ABSTRACT
Background: Older adult patients often experience delayed postoperative recovery due to a lack of self-efficacy in engaging in physical activities during early rehabilitation. Concurrently, family caregivers play a crucial role in caring for older adults. However, the extent of family involvement in improving self-efficacy and facilitating recovery following major abdominal surgeries in older adults remains largely unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of a preoperative preparation program on the recovery of older patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a two-group, pretest-posttest design was conducted. The participants included 60 older adult patients undergoing abdominal surgeries at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand, between September 2019 and March 2020. Participants were selected by purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria and were assigned to the experimental (n = 30) or the control (n = 30) groups using matched pair according to the type of operation. The control group received standard care, while the intervention group underwent a two-week preoperative preparation program developed based on self-efficacy theory and family support. Data were collected using validated tools. Recovery was assessed at one week and two weeks after surgery. Descriptive statistics, as well as dependent and independent t-tests, were used for data analysis. Results: The results revealed that the intervention group had significantly higher mean recovery scores than the control group at one week (M = 56.93, SD = 16.42; M = 44.60, SD = 16.30, t = -2.92, df = 58, p <0.01) and two weeks after surgery (M = 66.64, SD = 8.63; M = 61.68, SD = 7.86, t = -2.33, df = 58, p <0.05) when comparing between the two groups. Conclusion: The preoperative preparation program effectively enhanced recovery one week and two weeks after surgery. The study findings can be valuable for nurses in implementing the preoperative preparation program to facilitate recovery among older adult patients undergoing abdominal surgeries.
ABSTRACT
Cellular fusion e.g. between cancer cells and normal cells represents a stepwise process that is tightly regulated. During a pre-hybrid preparation program somatic cells and/or cancer cells are promoted to a pro-fusogenic state as a prerequisite to prepare a fusion process. A pro-fusogenic state requires significant changes including restructure of the cytoskeleton, e.g., by the formation of F-actin. Moreover, distinct plasma membrane lipids such as phosphatidylserine play an important role during cell fusion. In addition, the expression of distinct fusogenic factors such as syncytins and corresponding receptors are of fundamental importance to enable cellular mergers. Subsequent hybrid formation and fusion are followed by a post-hybrid selection process. Fusion among normal cells is important and often required during organismal development. Cancer cells fusion appears more rarely and is associated with the generation of new cancer hybrid cell populations. These cancer hybrid cells contribute to an elevated tumour plasticity by altered metastatic behaviour, changes in therapeutic and apoptotic responses, and even in the formation of cancer stem/ initiating cells. While many parts within this multi-step cascade are still poorly understood, this review article predominantly focusses on the intracellular necessities for fusion among cancer cells or with other cell populations of the tumour microenvironment. Video Abstract.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Signal Transduction , Humans , Cell Fusion , Actins/metabolism , Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00277.].
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: La práctica de la educación intercultural en Cuba es un campo disciplinar que demanda mayor preparación en el modo de actuación profesional de los docentes universitarios. Objetivo: Construir un programa de preparación, centrado en la solución de conflictos, para perfeccionar el modo de actuación profesional de los docentes universitarios para la educación intercultural. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación en la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez, en la que se utilizó la metodología cualitativa basada en el estudio de caso del modo de actuación profesional de los docentes para la educación intercultural. Resultados: El diagnóstico pedagógico integral no se tuvo en cuenta para la identificación y solución de los conflictos interculturales, dependiendo del estatus de igualdad grupal alcanzado. La preparación en educación intercultural, centrada en la solución de conflictos, demostró la efectividad de trabajar en correspondencia al sistema de acciones propias de la dirección del proceso pedagógico. Conclusiones: El programa de preparación permitió reconocer la validez de la experiencia pedagógica practicada, así como la pertinencia de otras perspectivas foráneas compatibles y el manejo conceptual de los principios y competencias para la educación intercultural.
ABSTRACT Background: The practice of intercultural education in Cuba is a disciplinary field that requires greater preparation in the professional way of acting of university teachers. Objective: To build a preparation program, focused on conflicts resolution, to improve the professional performance of university teachers for intercultural education. Methodology: An investigation was carried out at the University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez, using the qualitative methodology based on the case study of the professional performance of teachers for intercultural education. Results: The comprehensive pedagogical diagnosis was not taken into account for the identification and solution of intercultural conflicts, depending on the group equality status achieved. The preparation in intercultural education, focused on conflict resolution, demonstrated the effectiveness of working in correspondence with the system of actions proper to the direction of the pedagogical process. Conclusions: The preparation program allowed to recognize the validity of the pedagogical experience practiced, as well as the relevance of other compatible foreign perspectives and the conceptual handling of the principles and competences for intercultural education.
Subject(s)
Professional Competence , Education, Professional/methods , Cultural Competency/education , Program DevelopmentABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: La práctica de la educación intercultural en Cuba es un campo disciplinar que demanda mayor preparación en el modo de actuación profesional de los docentes universitarios. Objetivo: Construir un programa de preparación, centrado en la solución de conflictos, para perfeccionar el modo de actuación profesional de los docentes universitarios para la educación intercultural. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación en la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez, en la que se utilizó la metodología cualitativa basada en el estudio de caso del modo de actuación profesional de los docentes para la educación intercultural. Resultados: El diagnóstico pedagógico integral no se tuvo en cuenta para la identificación y solución de los conflictos interculturales, dependiendo del estatus de igualdad grupal alcanzado. La preparación en educación intercultural, centrada en la solución de conflictos, demostró la efectividad de trabajar en correspondencia al sistema de acciones propias de la dirección del proceso pedagógico. Conclusiones: El programa de preparación permitió reconocer la validez de la experiencia pedagógica practicada, así como la pertinencia de otras perspectivas foráneas compatibles y el manejo conceptual de los principios y competencias para la educación intercultural.
ABSTRACT Background: The practice of intercultural education in Cuba is a disciplinary field that requires greater preparation in the professional way of acting of university teachers. Objective: To build a preparation program, focused on conflicts resolution, to improve the professional performance of university teachers for intercultural education. Methodology: An investigation was carried out at the University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez, using the qualitative methodology based on the case study of the professional performance of teachers for intercultural education. Results: The comprehensive pedagogical diagnosis was not taken into account for the identification and solution of intercultural conflicts, depending on the group equality status achieved. The preparation in intercultural education, focused on conflict resolution, demonstrated the effectiveness of working in correspondence with the system of actions proper to the direction of the pedagogical process. Conclusions: The preparation program allowed to recognize the validity of the pedagogical experience practiced, as well as the relevance of other compatible foreign perspectives and the conceptual handling of the principles and competences for intercultural education.
Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Competence , Education, Professional/methods , Cultural Competency/education , Program Development , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is essential for early childhood development, although the use of adaptive milk formulas instead of breastfeeding is widespread nowadays. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of exclusively breastfed infants under the age of 6 months in non-Roma and Roma population and factors associated with this practice. Materials and Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of the Serbian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey investigating non-Roma and Roma infants under the age of 6 months. The study included mothers of 321 non-Roma and 164 Roma infants younger than 6 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression served to analyze factors associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in both populations. Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was almost the same among mothers in both non-Roma and Roma population (13.3 vs. 13%, p = 0.910). Exclusive breastfeeding was significantly more often (p < 0.001) among wealthier women, women whose newborns were over 2,500 g on birth, multipara, and women who had not established menstrual cycle among both populations. Living outside the capital significantly diminishes the chance for exclusively breastfed infants in the non-Roma community (Vojvodina: OR 0.16, CI 95% 0.03-0.92; eastern Serbia: OR 0.02, CI 95% 0.01-0.35) as well as living in the rural area (urban: OR 10.35, CI 95% 1.94-55.28). Unexpectedly, in the non-Roma population, not staying in the same room with the newborn in the maternity ward increases the chance for the baby to be exclusively breastfed (OR 7.19, CI 95% 1.80-28.68). The same pattern has been observed in Roma population. Non-Roma mothers multipara are more likely to exclusively breastfeed their children than primipara (OR 7.78, CI 95% 1.09-20.93), while among Roma mothers, the inverse association has been found although not significant (OR 0.42, CI 95% 0.14-1.23). Attending a childbirth preparation program more than 18 times increases the chances of infants being exclusively breastfed (OR 18.65, CI 95% 1.34-53.67). In the Roma population, there was no single woman that attended a childbirth preparation program. Conclusion: The pattern of exclusive breastfeeding significantly differs between non-Roma and Roma populations. Preventive work should have focus on strengthening support to mothers and medical staff in maternity wards.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding/ethnology , Roma , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mothers , Prenatal Care , SerbiaABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of systematic birth preparation program on fear of vaginal delivery and quality of life (QoL) in pregnant women who request elective cesarean delivery without any obstetric indication. METHODS: This study was conducted prospectively. A total of 100 women who requested elective cesarean delivery due to psychosocial reasons were included into the study. Women were divided into two groups according to their desire to participate in the systematic birth preparation program. Group A: case group (n = 50) consisted of women who participated in the systematic birth preparation program. Group B: control group (n = 50) received usual antenatal care. All patients were interviewed with questionnaires including the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at postpartum 6th week. Type of delivery, maternal request for cesarean section, scores for QoL, and postpartum depression were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Vaginal delivery rate was significantly higher in among the patients who received the systematic birth preparation program (group A: 78%, group B: 56%). Maternal request for elective cesarean section significantly decreased after the systematic birth preparation program (group A: 8%, group B: 28%). In group A, the WHOQOL-BREF-TR mean scores (SD) for physical domain, psychological domain, and environmental domain were significantly higher than the values exhibited in group B. In scores of the postpartum depression scale, there were no significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.075). CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that systematic birth preparation program may decrease the rate of elective cesarean delivery by reducing fear of vaginal delivery and improve the quality of life at postpartum period.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/psychology , Fear/psychology , Prenatal Care/methods , Quality of Life , Adult , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Pregnant Women/psychology , Prospective Studies , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
O rápido envelhecimento populacional no Brasil trouxe diversos desafios, um dos quais é a necessidade de preparar os trabalhadores mais velhos para a transição do trabalho para a aposentadoria. Existe também uma carência de pesquisas relacionadas ao tema, especialmente acerca dos trabalhadores que atuam na limpeza urbana. Este estudo investigou o planejamento para a aposentadoria dos garis e os aspectos priorizados para seu bem-estar nessa transição. Seis garis, com 45 anos ou mais e que estavam no mínimo a dois anos da aposentadoria participaram de seis encontros. No primeiro, os garis realizaram entrevista semiestruturada e também foram sensibilizados para o tema. Nos quatro encontros seguintes, foram realizados grupos focais, utilizando-se fatores-chave para o bem-estar na aposentadoria. No sexto e último encontro, ainda utilizando a técnica do grupo focal, os participantes avaliaram as condições de trabalho e no quanto poderiam impactar o bem-estar na aposentadoria. A análise dos dados revelou que o relacionamento familiar é o principal preditor de bem-estar na aposentadoria, seguido da promoção da saúde que, está diretamente relacionada às condições de trabalho e precisam ser revistas pelo empregador. Para esses garis, o lazer estava em segundo plano, embora houvesse a expectativa de que na aposentadoria eles teriam mais tempo para o lazer e recursos para viajar. O estudo aponta sugestões para a área de Recursos Humanos, tais como melhorar as condições de trabalho dos garis, reduzir a carga horária para os que estejam próximos da aposentadoria e adotar um programa de preparação para aposentadoria.
The rapid growth of the ageing population in Brazil brought a variety of challenges, one of which is the need to prepare older workers in the transition from work to retirement. There is also a lack of research in this area, especially towards workers who work in urban cleaning. This study investigated retirement planning of street sweepers and aspects prioritized for their well-being during future retirement. Six street sweepers of 45 years or more, who were at least two years from retirement, participated in six meetings. At the first meeting, they were sensibilized to this theme and participated in a semi-structured interview. Following this, four meetings were held with focus groups, using key factors related to well-being during retirement. At the sixth and last meeting, continuing with the focus group, the participants assessed working conditions and how these could impact their own retirement. The data analysis revealed that family relationships are the main predictor for well being during retirement, followed by health, which was directly related to their working conditions and which needed to be addressed by the employer. For these street sweepers, leisure was in second place, but they expected that in retirement years, they would have more time for this and also be able to travel. This study recommends a few measures for implementation by Human Resources, such as improving work conditions, reducing work hours before retirement and implementing a retirement preparation program.
ABSTRACT
O avanço da ciência e tecnologia tem levado a um progressivo aumento da longevidade e da expectativa de vida, proporcionando aos indivíduos usufruírem um tempo maior de suas existências como aposentados ainda gozando de boas condições físicas e mentais. Sendo assim, este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre o tema aposentadoria com base no relato do Programa Preparação para Aposentadoria (PPA), desenvolvido com Policiais Federais. O Programa foi realizado em três encontros, de oito horas cada, e caracterizou-se por abordar o assunto de forma vivencial, com a utilização de técnicas específicas para trabalhar temas como projetos de vida e reorientação profissional, considerando os diferentes aspectos que permeiam este momento de mudança (saúde, lazer, finanças, espiritualidade, família, etc). Constatou-se, tanto na teoria quanto na prática, que o processo de aposentadoria dos Policiais Federais envolve mudanças específicas que requerem reorganização familiar, afetiva e social, o que evidencia a importância do desenvolvimento de programas que trabalhem estes aspectos.
The advancement of science and technology has taken a progressive increase in longevity and life expectancy, letting people enjoy a longer period of their existence as a retiree still enjoying good physical and mental conditions. Therefore, this article presents reflections on the theme of retirement, based on the report of a Retirement Preparation Program (PPA) developed with Federal Policemen. This Program was conducted in three meetings, eight hours each one, and characterized by approaching the topic in an experiential way, using specific techniques to work themes such as life projects and professional reorientation considering the different aspects that permeate this time of change (health, leisure, finance, spirituality, family, etc.). It was found in theory and in practice that the retirement process of the Federal Policemen involves specific changes that require family, emotional and socialreorganization, which highlights the importance of developing programs to work these aspects.
Subject(s)
Retirement/psychology , Program Development , PoliceABSTRACT
O avanço da ciência e tecnologia tem levado a um progressivo aumento da longevidade e da expectativa de vida, proporcionando aos indivíduos usufruírem um tempo maior de suas existências como aposentados ainda gozando de boas condições físicas e mentais. Sendo assim, este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre o tema aposentadoria com base no relato do Programa Preparação para Aposentadoria (PPA), desenvolvido com Policiais Federais. O Programa foi realizado em três encontros, de oito horas cada, e caracterizou-se por abordar o assunto de forma vivencial, com a utilização de técnicas específicas para trabalhar temas como projetos de vida e reorientação profissional, considerando os diferentes aspectos que permeiam este momento de mudança (saúde, lazer, finanças, espiritualidade, família, etc). Constatou-se, tanto na teoria quanto na prática, que o processo de aposentadoria dos Policiais Federais envolve mudanças específicas que requerem reorganização familiar, afetiva e social, o que evidencia a importância do desenvolvimento de programas que trabalhem estes aspectos.(AU)
The advancement of science and technology has taken a progressive increase in longevity and life expectancy, letting people enjoy a longer period of their existence as a retiree still enjoying good physical and mental conditions. Therefore, this article presents reflections on the theme of retirement, based on the report of a Retirement Preparation Program (PPA) developed with Federal Policemen. This Program was conducted in three meetings, eight hours each one, and characterized by approaching the topic in an experiential way, using specific techniques to work themes such as life projects and professional reorientation considering the different aspects that permeate this time of change (health, leisure, finance, spirituality, family, etc.). It was found in theory and in practice that the retirement process of the Federal Policemen involves specific changes that require family, emotional and socialreorganization, which highlights the importance of developing programs to work these aspects.(AU)
Subject(s)
Police , Retirement/psychology , Program DevelopmentABSTRACT
Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as práticas de Programas de Preparação para Aposentadoria (PPA) adotadas por uma organização pública e outra da iniciativa privada, através de benchmarking. Visa também adaptar as experiências bem-sucedidas à realidade de urna empresa de saneamento básico no Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi realizado através de pesquisa descritiva e análise interpretativa dos dados. A partir dos resultados, avaliou-se que a empresa de saneamento básico no Rio Grande do Sul apresenta um satisfatório Programa de Preparação para Aposentadoria, mas que ainda pode ser melhorado com a adoção de algumas práticas, tais como: a inclusão de um encontro para abordar o tema Projeto de vida e a dotação orçamentária própria para esta atividade(AU)
This article aims to employ benchmarking to identify Retirement Preparation Program (PPR) practices adopted by public and private organizations. It also endeavors to adapt best practices to the conditions that prevail at a sanitation company in the Rio Grande do Sul. The study was conducted by coming up with data and subjecting them to an interpretative analysis. The results showed that the sanitation company had implemented a satisfactory Retirement Preparation Program (PPR) that could be improved by holding meetings to discuss the Life Project and providing funding for same(AU)
