Assistência à saúde de gestantes com Covid-19: revisão integrativa / Health care provided to pregnant women with Covid-19: an integrative review / Atención sanitaria prestada a mujeres embarazadas con Covid-19: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: analisar na literatura científica as evidências sobre a assistência à saúde de gestantes contaminadas pelo SARS-CoV-2, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, com a busca dos estudo primários nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL e Embase. Para os estudos incluídos foram utilizadas ferramentas para avaliar o nível de evidência e a qualidade metodológica. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 27 estudos, em sua maior parte em inglês e publicados na Espanha, China, Estados Unidos e Turquia. A síntese foi dividida em três categorias: principais sinais e sintomas relacionados à contaminação de gestantes pelo SARS-CoV-2 sendo a febre o sinal mais comum, seguido de tosse e desconforto respiratório; principais complicações relacionadas à contaminação de gestantes pelo SARS-CoV-2, como pré-eclâmpsia e parto prematuro; e tratamento de gestantes contaminadas pelo SARS-CoV-2, com descrição de antivirais, antibióticos e terapia com anticoagulante utilizados. Conclusão: a assistência à saúde de gestantes contaminadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 tem sido focada na análise dos sinais e sintomas, e nas ações para o seu controle.

Objective: To analyze the evidence in the scientific literature on the health care provided to pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This was an integrative literature review, with the search for primary studies carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, and Embase databases. Tools were used to evaluate the level of evidence and methodological quality of the included studies. Results: The sample consisted of 27 studies, which were mostly written in English and published in Spain, China, the United States, and Turkey. The synthesis was divided into three categories, namely: the main signs and symptoms related to the infection of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2, of which fever was the most common sign, followed by coughing and respiratory distress; the main complications related to the infection of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2, such as preeclampsia and premature delivery; and the treatment of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, describing the antivirals, antibiotics, and anticoagulant therapy used. Conclusion: The health care provided to pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been focusing on the analysis of signs and symptoms, and on the measures for its management.

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia existente en la literatura científica sobre la atención sanitaria prestada a mujeres embarazadas infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se trató de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, con la búsqueda de estudios primarios realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL y Embase. Se utilizaron herramientas para evaluar el nivel de evidencia y la calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos. Resultados: La muestra se compuso de 27 estudios, en su mayoría escritos en inglés y publicados en España, China, Estados Unidos y Turquía. La síntesis se dividió en tres categorías, a saber: los principales signos y síntomas relacionados con la infección de las embarazadas por el SRAS-CoV-2, de los cuales la fiebre fue el signo más frecuente, seguido de la tos y la dificultad respiratoria; las principales complicaciones relacionadas con la infección de las embarazadas por el SRAS-CoV-2, como la preeclampsia y el parto prematuro; y el tratamiento de las embarazadas infectadas por el SRAS-CoV-2, describiendo los antivirales, los antibióticos y el tratamiento anticoagulante utilizados. Conclusiones: La atención sanitaria prestada a las gestantes infectadas por SRAS-CoV-2 se ha centrado en el análisis de los signos y síntomas, y en las medidas para su manejo.

Desafíos de la Red Asistencial Pública de Chile en la Especialidad de Trastornos Temporomandibulares y Dolor Orofacial / Challenges of the Chilean Public Health Care System Network in the Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain Specialty

RESUMEN: Los Trastornos Temporomandibulares (TTM) son un conjunto de patologías musculares y articulares que afectan al sistema masticatorio. Según estadísticas nacionales, la prevalencia de al menos un diagnóstico de TTM en la población adulta corresponde al 49,6 %, mientras que el 19,6 % padece de un dolor temporomandibular severo. La atención de pacientes afectados por estos trastornos corresponde al odontólogo especialista en trastornos temporomandibulares y dolor orofacial (TTM y DOF), especialidad reconocida legalmente desde el año 2013 por el decreto 8 del Ministerio de Salud. Estas patologías no están incorporadas a las prestaciones de salud oral de las Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES) y recientemente se han comenzado a establecer protocolos de derivación a la especialidad desde la Atención Primaria Odontológica. En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis de la situación actual de la especialidad de TTM y DOF en la red pública de atención y se plantean posibles soluciones y mejoras a los problemas encontrados.

ABSTRACT: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) comprise a heterogenous group of muscle and joint disorders that affect the masticatory system. According to national statistics, the prevalence of at least one diagnosis of TMD in the adult population is 49.6 %, while 19.6 % suffers from severe temporomandibular pain. Care of patients affected by these disorders corresponds to the dentist specialized in temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain (TMD and OFP); these particular disorders and the specialty were incorporated by the Ministry of Health in 2013.. The pathologies are not incorporated in the Explicit Health Care Guarantees (GES) and only recently protocols for a referral program were established for Primary Dental Care in this area. In this study, the present situation of the specialty of TMD and OFP in the public health care network is analyzed, as well as possible solutions and improvements to the difficulties encountered therein.

Solidarity outpatient clinics in Greece: a survey of a massive social movement.

OBJECTIVE: Until 2016, around 3 million persons had limited access to health care in Greece due to the economic crisis. We describe a massive solidarity movement of community clinics and pharmacies in Greece. METHOD: We conducted a survey in 2014-15 and describe the characteristics of community clinics and pharmacies spontaneously established all over Greece after 2008. RESULTS: A characteristic of the 92 active solidarity clinics is autonomous collective functioning, free services, and funding from non-governmental sources. The largest clinics examined more than 500 uninsured or partly insured patients per month. Clinics covered a wide range of clinical and preventive services. Funding, availability of drugs, vaccines, medical material and their legal status were the main problems identified. The solidarity movement involved thousands of health professionals covering essential population needs. CONCLUSIONS: The community outpatient clinics were an outstanding example of solidarity and temporarily alleviated the health needs of a large part of the population.

Scoping review: strategies of providing care for children with chronic health conditions in low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and review strategies of providing care for children living with chronic health conditions in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane EPOC databases for papers evaluating strategies of providing care for children with chronic health conditions in low- or middle-income countries. Data were systematically extracted using a standardised data charting form, and analysed according to Arksey and O'Malley's 'descriptive analytical method' for scoping reviews. RESULTS: Our search identified 71 papers addressing eight chronic conditions; two chronic communicable diseases (HIV and TB) accounted for the majority of papers (n = 37, 52%). Nine (13%) papers reported the use of a package of care provision strategies (mostly related to HIV and/or TB in sub-Saharan Africa). Most papers addressed a narrow aspect of clinical care provision, such as patient education (n = 23) or task-shifting (n = 15). Few papers addressed the strategies for providing care at the community (n = 10, 15%) or policy (n = 6, 9%) level. Low-income countries were under-represented (n = 24, 34%), almost exclusively involving HIV interventions in sub-Saharan Africa (n = 21). Strategies and summary findings are described and components of future models of care proposed. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies that have been effective in reducing child mortality globally are unlikely to adequately address the needs of children with chronic health conditions in low- and middle-income settings. Current evidence mostly relates to disease-specific, narrow strategies, and more research is required to develop and evaluate the integrated models of care, which may be effective in improving the outcomes for these children.