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1.
Rev. CES psicol ; 15(3): 115-132, sep.-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406721

ABSTRACT

Resumen El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas [SPA] es un problema de salud pública, y constituye uno de los principales factores de riesgo para la salud. Se ha observado que el consumo de SPA está mediado por diferentes variables, una de ellas es la desregulación emocional, y se requiere mayor investigación del comportamiento de esta variable y su relación con los niveles de riesgo asociado al consumo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias en la desregulación emocional según el nivel de riesgo asociado al consumo de sustancias en una muestra de universitarios. Para tal efecto se adelantó un estudio descriptivo por comparación de grupos con una muestra de 721 estudiantes. Los resultados indicaron altas prevalencias de consumo de SPA; diferencias en los puntajes de desregulación emocional según el nivel de riesgo para tranquilizantes y cocaína, y que, a nivel general, aquellos universitarios con menor nivel de riesgo son quienes presentan menores puntajes de desregulación emocional, lo que sugiere que la desregulación emocional es una variable predictora de un mayor nivel de riesgo asociado al consumo de SPA.


Abstract The use of psychoactive substances is a public health problem, and it is one of the main health risk factors. It has been observed that the use of drugs is mediated by different variables, one of them is the emotional dysregulation, and more research is required on the behavior of this variable and its relationship with the levels of risk in the consumption. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in emotional dysregulation according to the level of risk associated with substance use in a sample of 721 university students. For this purpose, a descriptive study was carried out by comparing groups. The results indicated high prevalence of PAS consumption, differences in emotional dysregulation scores according to the risk level for tranquilizer pills and cocaine. In general, the students with a lower risk level are those who present lower emotional dysregulation scores, suggesting that emotional dysregulation is a predictor variable of a higher level of risk associated with PAS consumption.

2.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203466

ABSTRACT

IntroducciónEl virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB) está clasificado como carcinógeno del grupo 1. Su principal vía de transmisión es la oral, a través de la saliva. Determinamos la frecuencia de detección del VEB en la cavidad oral en estudiantes de secundaria en Cali (Colombia).Materiales y métodosEstudio transversal analítico para estimar la frecuencia de detección del genoma del VEB en la cavidad oral, las razones de prevalencia y su asociación con diversos factores en 1.565 individuos. Las variables analizadas fueron factores sociodemográficos, de higiene y salud oral, comportamiento sexual, consumo de cigarrillos e ingesta de alcohol. La asociación entre la detección y las variables evaluadas se realizó mediante un modelo de regresión lineal generalizado con vínculo logarítmico y distribución de Poisson con varianza robusta.ResultadosLa exposición al VEB en la cavidad oral fue del 38,40% (IC 95%: 36,02-40,84). La frecuencia de presentar exposición al VEB fue un 22% mayor en los varones, y el riesgo se incrementó según el comportamiento sexual. Se encontró asociación inversa con el grado escolar: los participantes de undécimo grado tuvieron un 27% menos frecuencia de exposición al VEB que los de grados inferiores (sexto a octavo). Cuando se utilizó el modelo logístico para estudiar la asociación entre la detección del VEB y las variables independientes, se sobreestimó la asociación. El rango de sobreestimación fue entre el 27-47% según el tipo de variable.ConclusiónLa frecuencia de detección del VEB en la cavidad oral de estudiantes sanos fue similar a la previamente descrita. Factores asociados al comportamiento sexual incrementan el riesgo de oportunidad para la exposición al VEB.


IntroductionThe Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen. The main route of EBV transmission is oral, through saliva. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity in high school students in the city of Cali (Colombia).Materials and methodsAnalytical cross-sectional study in order to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity, the reasons for its prevalence and its association with several factors, in 1,565 individuals. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene, oral health, sexual behavior, cigarrete smoking and alcohol intake. The association between the EBV detection and the variables evaluated was done through a generalized linear regression model with logarithmic linkage and Poisson distribution with robust variance.ResultsThe percentage of exposure to EBV in the oral cavity was 38.40% (CI 95%: 36.02-40.84). The frequency of presenting EBV exposure was 22% higher in men and the risk increased according to sexual behaviour. An inverse association with the school grade was found: the eleventh-grade participants had 27% less frequency of exposure to EBV than the lower grades (sixth to eighth). When analyzing the logistic model to study the association between EBV detection and independent variables, the association was overestimated. The overestimation ranged from 27 to 47% depending on the type of variable.ConclusionsThe frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity of healthy students was similar to that previously described. Factors associated to sexual behavior increased the risk of opportunity to be exposed to EBV.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Health Sciences , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Mouth , Colombia , Infectious Mononucleosis , Students , Microbiology
3.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 21(1)feb. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409451

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una afección grave y crónica que ocurre cuando los niveles de glucosa en la sangre de una persona son altos, porque su cuerpo no puede producir insulina o su cantidad es insuficiente. Constituye un importante e independiente factor de riesgo, para las enfermedades cardiovasculares y otros daños. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia y mortalidad por diabetes en Cuba, en el decenio 2010- 2019. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico, descriptivo, sobre la diabetes mellitus en Cuba. Se tuvieron en cuenta, la dispensarización, las tasas de mortalidad brutas por la enfermedad, en el decenio 2010- 2019. Los anuarios estadísticos publicados por la Dirección de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud, del Ministerio de Salud Pública de esos años, fueron la fuente de información. Resultados: La prevalencia de diabetes en Cuba en el decenio, ha tenido tendencia al incremento de 4,04 por ciento en 2010, a 6,67 por ciento en 2019. Fue más frecuente en las personas del sexo femenino. Las tasas brutas de mortalidad, disminuyeron en ese período de 23,9 a 20,6 por 100 000 habitantes. Conclusiones: Las tasas de prevalencia anuales de diabetes reportadas en Cuba, resultaron mayores en el sexo femenino. En el decenio, la prevalencia general de diabetes mostró un incremento, en tanto que la tendencia de la mortalidad bruta por esta enfermedad, fue al descenso. Murieron más mujeres que hombres(AU)


Introduction: Diabetes is a serious and chronic condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose levels are high because the body cannot produce insulin or its amount is insufficient. It is an important and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other damages. Objective: To describe the prevalence and mortality from diabetes in Cuba during the decade 2010-2019. Material and Methods: A descriptive ecological study on diabetes in Cuba was carried out. Dispensarization and gross mortality rates due to the disease in the 2010-2019 decade were taken into account. The statistical yearbooks published by the Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health those years were used as a source of information. Results: The prevalence of diabetes in Cuba in the decade tended to increase from 4,04 percent in 2010, to 6,67 percent in 2019. It was more frequent in women. Crude mortality rates decreased in that period from 23,9 to 20,6 per 100 000 inhabitants. Conclusions: The annual prevalence rates of diabetes reported in Cuba were higher in females. In the decade, the general prevalence of diabetes showed an increase, while the trend in gross mortality from this disease was related to the decrease. Women were more likely to die than men(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans
4.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(3): 113-120, 2022 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35000871

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen. The main route of EBV transmission is oral, through saliva. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity in high school students in the city of Cali (Colombia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study in order to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity, the reasons for its prevalence and its association with several factors, in 1565 individuals. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene, oral health, sexual behavior, cigarrete smoking and alcohol intake. The association between the EBV detection and the variables evaluated was done through a generalized linear regression model with logarithmic linkage and Poisson distribution with robust variance. RESULTS: The percentage of exposure to EBV in the oral cavity was 38.40% (CI 95%: 36.02-40.84). The frequency of presenting EBV exposure was 22% higher in men and the risk increased according to sexual behaviour. An inverse association with the school grade was found: the eleventh-grade participants had 27% less frequency of exposure to EBV than the lower grades (sixth to eighth). When analyzing the logistic model to study the association between EBV detection and independent variables, the association was overestimated. The overestimation ranged from 27% to 47% depending on the type of variable. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity of healthy students was similar to that previously described. Factors associated to sexual behavior increased the risk of opportunity to be exposed to EBV.


Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mouth , Students
5.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 13(2): 2138099, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38872598

ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS: N = 4,607 trauma-exposed adult participants were recruited from the general population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.The prevalence for probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 17.7%.We identified risk factors (e.g. poor health condition) and protective factors (e.g. social contact) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.

7.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33008677

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen. The main route of EBV transmission is oral, through saliva. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity in high school students in the city of Cali (Colombia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study in order to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity, the reasons for its prevalence and its association with several factors, in 1,565 individuals. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene, oral health, sexual behavior, cigarrete smoking and alcohol intake. The association between the EBV detection and the variables evaluated was done through a generalized linear regression model with logarithmic linkage and Poisson distribution with robust variance. RESULTS: The percentage of exposure to EBV in the oral cavity was 38.40% (CI 95%: 36.02-40.84). The frequency of presenting EBV exposure was 22% higher in men and the risk increased according to sexual behaviour. An inverse association with the school grade was found: the eleventh-grade participants had 27% less frequency of exposure to EBV than the lower grades (sixth to eighth). When analyzing the logistic model to study the association between EBV detection and independent variables, the association was overestimated. The overestimation ranged from 27 to 47% depending on the type of variable. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity of healthy students was similar to that previously described. Factors associated to sexual behavior increased the risk of opportunity to be exposed to EBV.

8.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 21(2): 258-281, jul.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-949393

ABSTRACT

Resumen El consumo de alcohol en adolescentes tiene una serie de consecuencias negativas desde el punto de vista de salud, comportamiento y riesgo de consumo problemático a edades tempranas. En este estudio, se aplicó un instrumento de 24 preguntas a 9348 estudiantes de ambos sexos en nueve ciudades de Colombia, de los cuales 7625 fueron incluidos en este análisis por haber consumido alcohol. Específicamente, se exploraron temas como la edad de inicio de consumo, el tipo de alcohol y las cantidades ingeridas, así como los sitios y la facilidad de adquisición, la presencia de adultos, el consumo en el colegio y las actitudes frente a las restricciones legales, entre otros. Se hizo un análisis de correspondencias múltiples que determinó inicialmente tres factores que fueron después clasificados en dos grupos y, por último, en cuatro subgrupos en función de cuatro categorías de consumo: experimental, selectivo, regular y alto, que representan dos grandes grupos: bajo y alto consumo. De este análisis surgieron perfiles bastante claros que muestran diferencias importantes, especialmente entre dos grupos: los de bajo consumo, que son los más jóvenes, no toman solos, no han estado en fiestas con alcohol, nunca toman en el colegio ni durante varios días seguidos; y los de alto consumo, que son un poco mayores, cuando toman se emborrachan, tienden a tomar todas las semanas, han tomado en el colegio y antes de entrar por las mañanas, se han metido en problemas por tomar y rechazan las restricciones a los menores de edad o que se sancione a quienes les venden.


Resumo O consumo de álcool em adolescentes tem uma série de consequências negativas desde o ponto de vista da saúde, do comportamento e do risco de consumo problemático em idades precoces. Neste estudo, aplicou-se um instrumento de 24 perguntas e 9348 estudantes de ambos os sexos em nove cidades da Colômbia, dos quais 7625 foram incluídos nesta análise por terem consumido álcool. Especificamente, foram explorados temas como a idade inicial de consumo, o tipo de álcool e as quantidades ingeridas, assim como os lugares e a facilidade de aquisição, a presença de adultos, o consumo no colégio e as atitudes frente às restrições legais, entre outros. Foi realizada uma análise de correspondências múltiplas que determinou inicialmente três fatores que depois foram desclassificados em dois grupos e, por último, em quatro subgrupos em função de quatro categorias de consumo: experimental, seletivo, regular e alto, que representam dois grandes grupos: baixo e alto consumo. A partir dessa análise, surgiram perfis bastante claros que mostram diferenças importantes, especialmente entre dois grupos: os de baixo consumo, que são os mais jovens, não bebem sozinhos, não estiveram em festas com bebidas alcoólicas, nunca bebem no colégio nem durante vários dias consecutivos; e os de alto consumo, que são um pouco mais velhos, embriagam-se quando bebem, tendem a beber semanalmente, já beberam no colégio e antes de ir para a aula de manhã, já se meteram em problemas por beber e se opõem às restrições aos menores de idade ou às sanções àqueles que vendem para menores.


Abstract Alcohol abuse in adolescents has several negative consequences on health, behavior and risk of becoming involved in problematic consumption at early ages. In this study a 24-item questionnaire was answered by 9,348 school adolescents of both sexes in nine Colombian cities. 7,625 students were included in this analysis due to their consumption of alcohol. The questions inquired about age of first intake, kind and amounts of alcohol consumed on each occasion, places and availability, presence of adults, alcohol use at school and attitudes toward legal restrictions, among others. A multiple correspondence analysis was carried out, generating four factors which were condensed later into two groups, and finally in four sub-groups based on categories of alcohol use: experimental, selective, regular and high, representing two categories: low and high use. The analysis produced identifiable profiles, quite different especially for two categories: the 'low consumption' group, that is younger, never drinks alone, does not attend parties where alcohol is offered to minors, has never drunk at school or during several days. In the 'high consumption' group are those over 16 years of age, who generally get drunk when they drink, have taken alcohol while at school and before arriving to school, have been in trouble because of alcohol and consider as inappropriate the legal restrictions to minors and the sanctions imposed to adults who sell or offer alcohol to minors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Prevalence Ratio , Underage Drinking
9.
Gac Sanit ; 32(4): 327-332, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28958571

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and correct the impact of non-response in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children aged 6 to 15 years old using silhouette scales. METHOD: Cross-sectional study carried out in 2013 among 8,145 Galician schoolchildren aged 6-15 years old. The students who agreed to participate were weighed and measured and, based on body mass index, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was estimated. Teachers rated all students using silhouette scales. The valuations were used to estimate the prevalence corrected by non-response. Using the Bayes theorem, participation rates were estimated according to weight status. RESULTS: The participation rate was 92.3% in the 6 -to 11-year-old group, and 90% in the 12- to 15-year old age group. In both groups, the prevalence of underweight and overweight were similar between participants and non-participants. However, obesity was higher among non-participants, especially at 12 to 15 years of age (6.3% vs. 12.2% ; p < 0.05). The prevalence did not change when corrected by the teacher's valuation. The participation rate of obese students was lower than the overall rate (82% vs. 90% at 12 to 15 years old; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of participation bias, which was greater at 12-15 years old, was confirmed. However, the impact of the bias on prevalence was negligible due to the high participation rate. In obesity studies with objective measures, it is essential to quantify non-participation, as well as to assess its impact and correct it.

10.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 26(2): 319-330, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-953326

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência e investigar fatores associados à automedicação em adultos no Distrito Federal, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal de base populacional, com adultos selecionados por amostragem probabilística; a prevalência da automedicação foi obtida entre os que referiram ter utilizado medicamento nos últimos sete dias; foi empregado modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar razões de prevalência. RESULTADOS: entrevistaram-se 1.820 pessoas, das quais 646 usaram pelo menos um medicamento; a prevalência da automedicação foi de 14,9% (IC95%: 12,6%;17,5%); a análise ajustada apontou associação negativa em pessoas na idade de 50 a 65 anos (RP=0,26; IC95%: 0,15;0,47) e com doenças crônicas (RP=0,38; IC95%: 0,28;0,51); adultos com dificuldades na prática de atividades cotidianas (RP=2,25; IC95%: 1,43;3,53) realizaram mais automedicação. CONCLUSÃO: a automedicação foi maior em adultos jovens e naqueles com dificuldades na realização de atividades cotidianas.


OBJETIVO: estimar la prevalencia de la automedicación e investigar los factores asociados en adultos del Distrito Federal, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal de base poblacional en adultos seleccionados mediante muestreo probabilístico; para obtener la prevalencia de automedicación se consideró el uso de medicamentos en los últimos siete días; las razones de prevalencia se definieron por medio de un modelo de regresión de Poisson ajustado con varianza robusta. RESULTADOS: se entrevistaron 1.820 personas, de las cuales 646 han usado al menos un medicamento; la prevalencia de automedicación fue de 14,9% (IC95%: 12,6%;17,5%); el análisis ajustado mostró una asociación negativa en personas de 50 a 65 años (RP=0,26 - IC95%: 0,15;0,47) y enfermedades crónicas (RP=0,38 - IC95%: 0,28;0,51); los adultos con problemas en la práctica de actividades cotidianas (RP=2,25 - IC95%: 1,43;3,53) se auto medicaron más. CONCLUSIÓN: automedicación se asoció con los adultos jóvenes y los que tienen problemas para realizar las actividades diarias.


OBJECTIVE: to assess the prevalence of self-medication and to investigate its associated factors in adults living in the Federal District, Brazil. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with adults selected through probabilistic sampling; self-medication prevalence was obtained from those who reported having used any medicine in the previous seven days; Poisson regression model with robust variance was applied to adjust the prevalence ratios. RESULTS: 1,820 individuals were interviewed, of which 646 had taken at least one medicine; self-medication prevalence was of 14.9% (95%CI: 12.6%;17.5%); the adjusted analysis showed negative association in people aged 50 to 65 years (PR=0.26; 95%CI: 0.15;0.47) and with chronic diseases (PR=0.38; 95%CI: 0.28;0.51); adults with difficulties in performing daily activities (PR=2.25; 95%CI: 1.43;3.53) practiced more self-medication. CONCLUSION: self-medication was associated to young adults and those with problems in performing daily activities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Self Medication , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Pharmacoepidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence Ratio
11.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 44(1)abr. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506934

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son trastornos de salud mental caracterizados por un comportamiento patológico frente a la ingesta alimentaria y una obsesión por el control de peso, acompañado de distorsión de la percepción de la imagen corporal. Es de origen multifactorial, incluyendo causas de origen biológico, psicológico, familiar y sociocultural. Los TCA más conocidos son la anorexia nerviosa y la bulimia nerviosa, pero también existen otros, como el trastorno por atracón, la ortorexia (la obsesión por la comida sana) y la vigorexia (la obsesión por el ejercicio físico). Pueden ocasionar importante morbimortalidad. Se puede presentar en adolescentes. Objetivo: Analizar las prevalencias de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes escolarizados en dos periodos de tiempo (2008 y 2012). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de prevalencias, en adolescentes escolarizados en dos colegios de área urbana y tres de área rural, en los años 2008 y 2012 mediante encuesta estructurada de aplicación rápida para tamizaje de padecer riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria de Unikel -Santorini. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 469 estudiantes en los dos años. En el año 2008, la prevalencia fue de 6%, en el 2012 fue de 9,5%. La prevalencia se mantuvo estable (p< 0,05), sin embargo se observó ruralización del trastorno (p< 0,05), y fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino en el año 2008 (p< 0,05). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de los TCA en la población fue de 6 y 9%, manteniendo una tendencia estable, con una llamativa ruralización del trastorno.


Introduction: Eating disorders (ED) are a group of mental health disorders characterized by a pathological behavior towards food intake and an obsession with weight control, accompanied by a distortion in the perception of body image. Its origin is multifactorial, and includes biological, psychological, family and sociocultural causes. The most well-known EDs are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, but there are also others, such as binge eating disorder, orthorexia (obsession with healthy food) and vigorexia (obsession with exercise). These disorders can cause significant morbidity and mortality. They occur commonly in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of eating disorders in adolescents enrolled in school during two time periods (2008 and 2012). Materials and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, and retrospective prevalence study in adolescents enrolled in two schools in two urban and three rural areas, in 2008 and 2012, using a rapid-application screening tool to evaluate the risk of eating disorders by Unikel -Santorini. Results: 469 students were included in the two time periods. In 2008, the prevalence was 6%, in 2012 it was 9.5%. The prevalence remained stable (p <0.05), but ruralization of the disorder was observed (p <0.05), and was more frequent in females in 2008 (p <0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of ED in the population was 6 and 9%, respectively, maintaining a stable trend, with a striking ruralization of the disorder.

12.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 42(3)jul.-set. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-791553

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Valorar el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales en estudiantes de comunicación y su estilo de vida en relación con la dieta y ejercicios físicos. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva de corte transversal en estudiantes de periodismo. Se aplicó una encuesta anónima y todos firmaron el consentimiento de participación. Resultados: La muestra estaba compuesta por 56 (80 por ciento) muchachas y 14 (20 por ciento) varones. Se encontró una prevalencia de vida de 79 por ciento en el consumo de alcohol en todos los estudiantes, con un consumo actual de 57 por ciento, las féminas superaron a los hombres en los consumos reciente y actual. El consumo actual de tabaco fue de 27 por ciento, sin diferencia importante de género; para el café fue de 70 por ciento, mayor en las muchachas. En ambos sexos el consumo de drogas ilegales fue de 9 por ciento. El 47 por ciento del total de estudiantes realizaba actividad física y el 37 por ciento consumía una dieta adecuada. Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes de periodismo es moderado e inferior al resto de los estudiantes de medicina cubanos y extranjeros estudiados. Hay un discreto consumo reciente y actual de drogas ilegales. El estilo de vida se acerca al sedentarismo(AU)


Objectives: To assess the use of legal and illegal drugs in the Comunications Faculty students and their lifestyle in terms of diet and exercising. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research of 70 journalism students. Anonymous surveys were administered after they having given their informed consent. Results: The sample consisted of 70 students involving 56 females (80 percent) and 14 males (20 percent). Life prevalence of 79 percent in alcohol consumption was found in all students, with a current consumption rate of 57 percent; women outnumbered men in the recent and current consumption rates. Current smoking reached 27 percent, with no significant gender differences; 70 percent for coffee, being higher in women. In both sexes the consumption of illegal drugs was 9 percent. Forty seven percent of students practiced exercising and and 37 percent had adequate diets. Conclusions: The alcohol consumption in journalism students is moderate and lower than that of the rest of Cuban and foreign medical students involved in the study. The recent and current consumption rates of illegal drugs is discreet. The lifestyle is close to sedentary lifestyle(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Life Style/ethnology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
13.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 42(3)jul.-set. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-67257

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Valorar el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales en estudiantes de comunicación y su estilo de vida en relación con la dieta y ejercicios físicos. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva de corte transversal en estudiantes de periodismo. Se aplicó una encuesta anónima y todos firmaron el consentimiento de participación. Resultados: La muestra estaba compuesta por 56 (80 por ciento) muchachas y 14 (20 por ciento) varones. Se encontró una prevalencia de vida de 79 por ciento en el consumo de alcohol en todos los estudiantes, con un consumo actual de 57 por ciento, las féminas superaron a los hombres en los consumos reciente y actual. El consumo actual de tabaco fue de 27 por ciento, sin diferencia importante de género; para el café fue de 70 por ciento, mayor en las muchachas. En ambos sexos el consumo de drogas ilegales fue de 9 por ciento. El 47 por ciento del total de estudiantes realizaba actividad física y el 37 por ciento consumía una dieta adecuada.Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes de periodismo es moderado e inferior al resto de los estudiantes de medicina cubanos y extranjeros estudiados. Hay un discreto consumo reciente y actual de drogas ilegales. El estilo de vida se acerca al sedentarismo(AU)


Objectives: To assess the use of legal and illegal drugs in the Comunications Faculty students and their lifestyle in terms of diet and exercising. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research of 70 journalism students. Anonymous surveys were administered after they having given their informed consent. Results: The sample consisted of 70 students involving 56 females (80 percent) and 14 males (20 percent). Life prevalence of 79 percent in alcohol consumption was found in all students, with a current consumption rate of 57 percent; women outnumbered men in the recent and current consumption rates. Current smoking reached 27 percent, with no significant gender differences; 70 percent for coffee, being higher in women. En ambos sexos el consumo d drogas ilegales fue d 9 percent. Forty seven percent of students practiced exercising and and 37 percent had adequate diets. Conclusions: The alcohol consumption in journalism students is moderate and lower than that of the rest of Cuban and foreign medical students involved in the study. The recent and current consumption rates of illegal drugs is discreet. The lifestyle is close to sedentary lifestyle(AU)


Subject(s)
Drug Users , Students , Life Style , Illicit Drugs , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 42(3)jul.-set. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-66760

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Valorar el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales en estudiantes de comunicación y su estilo de vida en relación con la dieta y ejercicios físicos.Métodos: Investigación descriptiva de corte transversal en estudiantes de periodismo. Se aplicó una encuesta anónima y todos firmaron el consentimiento de participación. Resultados: La muestra estaba compuesta por 56 (80 por ciento) muchachas y 14 (20 por ciento) varones. Se encontró una prevalencia de vida de 79 por ciento en el consumo de alcohol en todos los estudiantes, con un consumo actual de 57 por ciento, las féminas superaron a los hombres en los consumos reciente y actual. El consumo actual de tabaco fue de 27 por ciento, sin diferencia importante de género; para el café fue de 70 por ciento, mayor en las muchachas. En ambos sexos el consumo de drogas ilegales fue de 9 por ciento. El 47 por ciento del total de estudiantes realizaba actividad física y el 37 por ciento consumía una dieta adecuada. Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes de periodismo es moderado e inferior al resto de los estudiantes de medicina cubanos y extranjeros estudiados. Hay un discreto consumo reciente y actual de drogas ilegales. El estilo de vida se acerca al sedentarismo(AU)


Objectives: To assess the use of legal and illegal drugs in the Comunications Faculty students and their lifestyle in terms of diet and exercising. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research of 70 journalism students. Anonymous surveys were administered after they having given their informed consent. Results: The sample consisted of 70 students involving 56 females (80 percent) and 14 males (20 percent). Life prevalence of 79 percent in alcohol consumption was found in all students, with a current consumption rate of 57 percent; women outnumbered men in the recent and current consumption rates. Current smoking reached 27 percent, with no significant gender differences; 70 percent for coffee, being higher in women. Forty seven percent of students practiced exercising and and 37 percent had adequate diets. Conclusions: The alcohol consumption in journalism students is moderate and lower than that of the rest of Cuban and foreign medical students involved in the study. The recent and current consumption rates of illegal drugs is discreet. The lifestyle is close to sedentary lifestyl(AU)


Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Illicit Drugs , Life Style , Students
15.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr ; 45(2): 108-17, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27132760

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of dual diagnosis (presence of a substance use disorder and an associated mental disorder) in the general population of a small town in the department of Antioquia in Colombia, through secondary analysis of survey data on Mental Health held in this city in 2011. METHODS: With a sample of 415 subjects, the interview Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), WHO CAPI version, was used and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.21. RESULTS: The prevalence of dual diagnosis, considering that the presence of a diagnosis of mental disorder and a disorder snuff use of different substances was 7.2%. Substances with higher prevalence of use in life for individuals with dual diagnosis were alcohol (96.7%), marijuana (80.0%), cocaine and derivatives (33.3%), heroin (23.3%) and finally no prescription tranquilizers (13.3%), finding statistical association between drug use and dual diagnosis. Major depression (40%), oppositional defiant disorder (36.7%), posttraumatic stress (33.3%), specific phobia and attention deficit (26.7%) are the most prevalent disorders in individuals with dual diagnosis of this sample. Alcohol or drugs consumption and fulfilling diagnostic criteria for dual diagnosis have a significant statistical association for consumption of drugs like marijuana, cocaine, heroin and prescription medications (P<0.001), all with disparity ratios of >1.00, very high when the drug is heroin consumed (RD=38.754) or non-prescription medications (RD=29.462). A family history of disease and drug use has a high statistical association with dual diagnosis, with a higher association with a history of mental illness (P<.001; RD=3.677). CONCLUSIONS: The study reports on the prevalence of subjects with dual diagnosis in a Colombian population. Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and heroin are derivatives and substances mostly consumed by these patients and the most prevalent mental disorders are depression, TOD and posttraumatic stress. These findings motivate clinicians to more actively seek the presence of dual diagnosis, directing a more appropriately treatment plans.


Subject(s)
Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Urban Health/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Colombia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Young Adult
16.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 45(2): 108-117, abr.-jun. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-791342

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Estudiar la prevalencia de trastorno dual (concomitancia de un trastorno por uso de sustancias y un trastorno mental) en la población general de una pequeña ciudad del departamento de Antioquia en Colombia, mediante el análisis secundario de datos del estudio en salud mental realizado en esta población en el año 2011. Métodos: Se aplicó a una muestra de 415 sujetos la entrevista Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), versión CAPI de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y el análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS v.21. Resultados: Las prevalencias de vida y trastorno dual, considerando como tal el diagnóstico de un trastorno mental y un trastorno por uso de sustancias distintas del tabaco, fue del 7,2%. Las sustancias con mayores prevalencias de consumo en la vida para los sujetos con trastorno dual resultaron ser el alcohol (96,7%), la marihuana (80,0%), la cocaína y derivados (33,3%), la heroína (23,3%) y los tranquilizantes no recetados (13,3%); se encontró asociación estadística entre consumo de drogas y trastorno dual. La depresión mayor (40%), el trastorno negativista desafiante (36,7%), el estrés postraumático (33,3%), la fobia específica y el déficit de atención (26,7%) son los trastornos más prevalentes en los sujetos con trastorno dual de esta muestra. Consumir alcohol o drogas y cumplir criterios diagnósticos de trastorno dual presentan una asociación estadística significativa para el consumo de drogas como marihuana, cocaína, heroína y medicamentos sin prescripción médica (p < 0,001), todas con razones de disparidad (RD) > 1,00, muy altas cuando la droga consumida es la heroína (RD = 38,754) o los medicamentos no recetados (RD = 29,462). Tener antecedentes familiares de enfermedad y consumo de drogas presenta una alta asociación estadística con el trastorno dual, que es aún mayor con los antecedentes de enfermedad mental (p < 0,001; RD = 3,677). Conclusiones: El estudio da cuenta de la prevalencia de sujetos con trastorno dual en una población colombiana. El alcohol, la marihuana, la cocaína y derivados y la heroína son las sustancias mayormente consumidas por estos pacientes, y los trastornos mentales más prevalentes son la depresión, el TOD y el estrés postraumático. Estos hallazgos motivarán a los clínicos a buscar de manera más activa la presencia de trastorno dual para orientar más adecuadamente los planes de tratamiento.


Objectives: To study the prevalence of dual diagnosis (presence of a substance use disorder and an associated mental disorder) in the general population of a small town in the department of Antioquia in Colombia, through secondary analysis of survey data on Mental Health held in this city in 2011. Methods: With a sample of 415 subjects, the interview Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), WHO CAPI version, was used and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.21. Results: The prevalence of dual diagnosis, considering that the presence of a diagnosis of mental disorder and a disorder snuff use of different substances was 7.2%. Substances with higher prevalence of use in life for individuals with dual diagnosis were alcohol (96.7%), marijuana (80.0%), cocaine and derivatives (33.3%), heroin (23.3%) and finally no prescription tranquilizers (13.3%), finding statistical association between drug use and dual diagnosis. Major depression (40%), oppositional defiant disorder (36.7%), posttraumatic stress (33.3%), specific phobia and attention deficit (26.7%) are the most prevalent disorders in individuals with dual diagnosis of this sample. Alcohol or drugs consumption and fulfilling diagnostic criteria for dual diagnosis have a significant statistical association for consumption of drugs like marijuana, cocaine, heroin and prescription medications (P< 0.001), all with disparity ratios of >1.00, very high when the drug is heroin consumed (RD = 38.754) or non-prescription medications (RD = 29.462). A family history of disease and drug use has a high statistical association with dual diagnosis, with a higher association with a history of mental illness (P<.001; RD = 3.677). Conclusions: The study reports on the prevalence of subjects with dual diagnosis in a Colombian population. Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and heroin are derivatives and substances mostly consumed by these patients and the most prevalent mental disorders are depression, TOD and posttraumatic stress. These findings motivate clinicians to more actively seek the presence of dual diagnosis, directing a more appropriately treatment plans.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders , Nonprescription Drugs , Mental Disorders , Phobic Disorders , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Therapeutics , Tranquilizing Agents , Cannabis , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Mental Health , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Tobacco, Smokeless , Colombia , Composite Resins , Depression , Research Report
17.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 54(1): 19-26, mar. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781894

ABSTRACT

There are several descriptive studies of the use of mental health Services in the population served in the public system, however there are few references concerning the private system. Objective: To characterize a population with GES mental health pathology admitted in private mental health system in relation to the length of stay. Material and Methods: Medical charts were reviewed for 1,544 patients discharged from hospital admissions in private mental health centers. The following variables were recorded: age at diagnosis, sex, length of stay, number of hospitalizations and multiaxial diagnosis. Results: The average hospital stay for the sample was 21.05 days. The average hospital stay of men was 3.71 ± 2.46 days more than average women (p = 0.05). The average LOS was higher in younger patients. With regards to axis I, 68.52% of patients had severe major depression, 21.87% bipolar disorder in severe depressive phase and 6.87% schizophrenia. Axis I comorbidity was present in 17.94% of the sample. For Axis II, 57.97% of patients had personality disorders, with the borderline personality being the most frequent in both sexes (51.06% of patients with disorder of personality). The analysis of information shows that comorbidities did not significantly influence average days of hospitalization. Conclusions: This study is contributes to estimate the costs and the average stay in inpatient GES mental health patients in the private system.


Existen diversos estudios descriptivos del uso de servicios de Salud Mental en la población atendida en el sistema público, sin embargo, se encuentran pocas referencias respecto al sistema privado. Objetivo: Caracterizar a una población con patología de salud mental GES internada en centros privados de salud mental en relación a los días de hospitalización. Material y Método: Se revisaron 1.544 fichas de pacientes egresados de hospitalizaciones en centros privados de salud mental registrando las siguientes variables: edad al momento del diagnóstico, sexo, días de hospitalización, número de hospitalizaciones y diagnóstico según eje. Resultados: El promedio de días de hospitalización de la muestra fue de 21,05 días. El promedio de días de hospitalización de los hombres fue 3,71 ± 2,46 días mayor que el promedio de las mujeres (p = 0,05). El promedio de días de hospitalización fue más alto en los pacientes jóvenes. En el eje I, el 68,52% de los pacientes presentaron patología del ánimo en su forma monopolar; 21,76% patología del ánimo en su forma bipolar y un 6,87% fueron diagnosticados con esquizofrenia. La comorbilidad en el eje I se presentó en un 17,94% de la muestra. Respecto al eje II, el 57,97% presenta algún trastorno de la personalidad, siendo el trastorno de personalidad limítrofe el más frecuente en ambos sexos (51,06% del total de pacientes con trastorno de la personalidad). Del análisis de la información destaca que las comorbilidades no influyeron de forma significativa en el promedio de los días de hospitalización. Conclusiones: Este estudio constituye un aporte para estimar los costos y la estadía promedio en una hospitalización de pacientes GES de salud mental en el sistema privado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Comorbidity , Mental Health , Hospitalization , Inpatients , Length of Stay
18.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(3): 955-966, Mar. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-775773

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las altas tasas desempleo observadas en Estados Unidos durante la reciente crisis económica, que además son diferenciadas de acuerdo al origen étnico, hacen pertinente indagar acerca de cómo este problema se relaciona con la salud mental de los empleados y desempleados. Por tanto, en este artículo analizamos la relación entre desempleo y salud mental de los inmigrantes mexicanos, mexicanos nacidos en EE.UU, y otros hispanos en comparación con nativos blancos no hispanos y afroestadounidenses. Para alcanzar este propósito calculamos prevalencias, razones de prevalencias y razones de momios en la población entre 18 y 65 años en la fuerza laboral. Utilizamos información de la National Health Interview Survey (1999 y 2009). Encontramos que en tiempos de crisis aumenta la prevalencia de Tensión Psicológica no Específica (TPNE) en la fuerza laboral para todos los grupos étnicos. Las razones de prevalencias indican que los desempleados tienen mayor riesgo de presentar una TPNE que los empleados, particularmente los hispanos no mexicanos, en contraste, los inmigrantes mexicanos muestran riesgos más bajos.


Abstract The high unemployment rates observed in the United States during the recent economic crisis, that moreover vary between ethnic groups, make it relevant to inquire into how this problem is linked to the mental health of employed and unemployed persons. Therefore, in this paper the relationship between unemployment and mental health among Mexican immigrants, Mexicans born in the US, and other Hispanics in comparison with non-Hispanic native whites and Afro-Americans in the US is analyzed. To achieve this objective prevalence, prevalence ratios and odds ratios for the population between 18 and 65 years of age in the labor force was calculated using data from the 1999 and 2009 National Health Interview Surveys. It was seen that in times of crisis the prevalence of Non-Specific Psychological Disorders (NSPD) in the labor force increased in all ethnic groups. The prevalence ratios indicate that the unemployed face a higher risk of suffering from NSPD than the employed, especially for the non-Mexican Hispanics. Mexican immigrants, in contrast, show the lowest risks.


Subject(s)
Unemployment/psychology , Hispanic or Latino , Mental Health , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , United States , Prevalence , White People , Mexico/ethnology
19.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 48(1): 9-15, Febrero 16, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-779688

ABSTRACT

En este manuscrito se revisan algunos aspectos básicos de la utilización de regresiones en los estudios epidemiológicos, haciendo énfasis en aquellas aplicadas al estudio de eventos discretos. De esta manera se hace una introducción a los modelos lineales generalizados, cuya estructura es una extensión de una ecuación lineal para analizar desenlaces discretos. De este modo podemos estimar medidas de asociación como la razón de tasas usando la regresión de Poisson, o bien, el riesgo relativo (o la razón de prevalencias) usando la regresión log-binomial. En cada caso es esencial conocer la naturaleza de la variable dependiente, su distribución y reconocer las limitaciones de cada una de las herramientas de análisis.


Some basic aspects about using regressions in epidemiological studies are reviewed. Particularly, this manuscript focused on those applied to the study of discrete events. Generalized lineal models, such as Poisson and log-binomial, have a structure that is an extension of a lineal equation to analyze discrete outcomes. Thus, we can estimate association measures as the incidence rate ratio, using the Poisson regression, or the relative risk (or prevalence ratio), using log-binomial regression. In each case it is essential to know the nature of the dependent variable, as well as, its distribution and recognize the limitations of each analysis tool.


Subject(s)
Humans , Linear Models , Binomial Distribution , Poisson Distribution , Risk , Prevalence Ratio
20.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(3): 487-495, 03/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744837

ABSTRACT

In the last decades, the use of the epidemiological prevalence ratio (PR) instead of the odds ratio has been debated as a measure of association in cross-sectional studies. This article addresses the main difficulties in the use of statistical models for the calculation of PR: convergence problems, availability of tools and inappropriate assumptions. We implement the direct approach to estimate the PR from binary regression models based on two methods proposed by Wilcosky & Chambless and compare with different methods. We used three examples and compared the crude and adjusted estimate of PR, with the estimates obtained by use of log-binomial, Poisson regression and the prevalence odds ratio (POR). PRs obtained from the direct approach resulted in values close enough to those obtained by log-binomial and Poisson, while the POR overestimated the PR. The model implemented here showed the following advantages: no numerical instability; assumes adequate probability distribution and, is available through the R statistical package.


Nas últimas décadas, tem sido discutido o uso da razão de prevalência (RP) ao invés da razão de chance como a medida de associação a ser estimada em estudos transversais. Discute-se as principais dificuldades no uso de modelos estatísticos para o cálculo da RP: problemas de convergência, disponibilidade de ferramentas e pressupostos não apropriados. O objetivo deste estudo é implementar uma abordagem direta para estimar a RP com base em modelos logísticos binários baseados em dois métodos propostos por Wilcosky & Chamblers, e comparar com outros métodos. Utilizou-se três exemplos e comparou-se as estimativas bruta e ajustada da RP obtidas pela função com as estimativas obtidas pelos modelos log-binomial, Poisson e razão de chance prevalente (RCP). As RP da abordagem proposta resultaram em valores próximos aos obtidos pelos modelos log-binomial e Poisson, e a RCP superestimou a RP. O modelo aqui implementado apresentou as seguintes vantagens: não apresenta instabilidade numérica; assume a distribuição de probabilidades adequada; e está disponível no programa estatístico R.


En las últimas décadas, se ha discutido el uso de la razón de prevalencia (RP), en lugar del odds ratio como medida de asociación que se estima en estudios transversales. Se analizan las principales dificultades en el uso de modelos estadísticos para el cálculo de la RP: problemas de convergencia, disponibilidad de herramientas y supuestos no apropiados. El objetivo es realizar un enfoque directo para estimar la RP desde modelos logísticos binarios, basados en dos métodos propuestos por Wilcosky y Chamblers y compararlos con otros métodos. Se han utilizado 3 ejemplos y comparamos las estimaciones crudas y ajustadas de RP con las estimaciones obtenidas por log-binomial, Poisson y odds ratio de prevalencia (ORP). Los RP obtenidos del enfoque directo dieron como resultado valores cercanos a los obtenidos mediante el log- binomial y de Poisson, mientras que la RCP sobreestimó la RP. El modelo que aquí se presenta implementó las siguientes ventajas: no presenta inestabilidad numérica, toma una distribución de probabilidad apropiada y está disponible en software estadístico libre R.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cause of Death , Health Surveys , Socioeconomic Factors , Analysis of Variance , Cohort Studies , Health Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires
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