Crise global da atenção primária à saúde / Global crisis in primary health care / Crisis global de la atención primaria

Enquanto no Norte Global se discute uma crise na Atenção Primária à Saúde, a maioria dos países nunca chegou a constituir sistemas de saúde baseados propriamente numa atenção primária robusta. Nesse cenário, o Brasil apresenta uma tendência mais favorável, com conquistas importantes para a atenção primária e a medicina de família e comunidade nos últimos dez anos. Restam desafios a serem superados para que o Sistema Único de Saúde alcance níveis satisfatórios de acesso a seus serviços, com profissionais adequadamente formados e valorizados pela população.

While the Global North is discussing a crisis in primary health care, the majority of countries have never managed to establish health systems based on robust primary care. Brazil presents a more favorable trend, with important achievements for primary care and family practice over the last ten years. There are still challenges to be overcome so that the Unified Health System achieves satisfactory levels of access to its services, with professionals who are properly trained and valued by the public.

Mientras que en el Norte Global se habla de una crisis de la atención primaria, la mayoría de los países nunca han creado realmente sistemas sanitarios basados en una atención primaria robusta. Brasil, muestra una tendencia más favorable, con importantes logros para la atención primaria y la medicina familiar y comunitaria en los últimos diez años. Aún quedan retos por superar para que el Sistema Único de Salud alcance niveles satisfactorios de acceso a sus servicios, con profesionales debidamente formados y valorados por la población.

Experiência no uso das ferramentas de abordagem familiar por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família / Experiencia en el uso de herramientas de abordaje familiar por un equipo de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia / Family Health Strategy team's experience in the use of family approach tools

Problema: Experiência da intervenção de uma equipe multiprofissional da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em uma família por meio das ferramentas de abordagem familiar. Entre os problemas identificados no caso estão a sobrecarga de trabalho da paciente índice, diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nos filhos dela, etilismo crônico do esposo e relacionamento hostil no ciclo familiar. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, de relato de experiência, desenvolvido em uma família da área de abrangência da equipe da ESF no segundo semestre de 2019, escolhida em razão da hiperutilização do serviço pela paciente índice. As ferramentas aplicadas foram o genograma, ecomapa, Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Outcome (FIRO), problem, roles, affect, communication, time in life, illness, coping with stress, environment/ecology (PRACTICE) e ciclo de vida familiar. Resultados: Com a aplicação das ferramentas foram identificadas as estruturas e modos de compartilhamento das relações familiares, os problemas de saúde presentes, os possíveis vínculos identificados e o estágio no ciclo de vida. Como modos de intervenção, a equipe propôs consultas de cuidado em saúde, assistência psicológica e escutas qualificadas. Além disso, por meio de reuniões intersetoriais, foi solucionado o problema escolar que afetava a condição de saúde da paciente. Conclusão: A aplicação das ferramentas foi um excelente método para realizar o estudo, pois permitiu uma visão global da família, além de identificar fragilidades a serem corrigidas ou minimizadas com recurso a intervenções pela equipe de saúde.

Problem: Intervention experience of a multidisciplinary team of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) through family approach tools. Among the problems identified in the case are the work overload of the index patient, diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in her children, husband's chronic alcoholism and hostile relationship within the family circle. Method: Descriptive and qualitative experience report. Developed by an ESF team in a family in the coverage area. Experience conducted in the second half of 2019. The tools applied were the genogram, ecomap, FIRO, PRACTICE and the family life cycle. The tools were chosen because of the index patient's frequent use of the ESF's services. Results: Through the application of the tools, the structures and ways of sharing family relationships, the health problems, the possible bonds identified and the stage in the life cycle were identified. As modes of intervention, the team proposed health care consultations, psychological assistance and qualified listening. In addition, through intersectional meetings, a school problem that affected the patient's health condition was solved. Conclusion: The application of the tools was an excellent method to carry out the study. It allowed a global view of the family, in addition to identifying weaknesses to be corrected or minimized, through interventions by the health team.

Problema: Experiencia de la intervención de un equipo multidisciplinario de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en una familia a través de herramientas de abordaje familiar. Entre los problemas identificados en el caso están la sobrecarga de trabajo de la paciente índice, diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en sus hijos, alcoholismo crónico del marido y relación hostil dentro del ciclo familiar. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo de relato de experiencia desarrollado en una familia de la zona de cobertura del equipo de la ESF en el segundo semestre de 2019. Las herramientas aplicadas fueron el genograma, ecomapa, F.I.R.O., P.R.A.C.T.I.C.E. y el ciclo de vida familiar, elegido por la sobreutilización del paciente índice de los servicios de la ESF. Resultados: Mediante la aplicación de las herramientas se identificaron las estructuras y formas de compartir las relaciones familiares, los problemas de salud presentes, los posibles vínculos identificados y la etapa del ciclo de vida. Como modos de intervención, el equipo propuso la consulta de salud, la asistencia psicológica y la escucha cualificada. Además, a través de reuniones intersectoriales se solucionó un problema escolar que afectaba el estado de salud del paciente. Conclusión: La aplicación de las herramientas fue un método excelente para la realización del estudio, ya que permitió una visión global de la familia, además de identificar debilidades a ser corregidas o minimizadas, a través de intervenciones del equipo de salud.

Perfil lipídico e fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em idosos acompanhados na atenção primária à saúde / Lipid profile and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in older people seen in primary health care / Perfil lipídico y factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en ancianos seguidos en la atención primaria de salud

Introdução: As dislipidemias estão entre os fatores de riscos mais importantes para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), além de estarem relacionadas a outras patologias que predispõem às DCV. Em função da elevada prevalência e da incidência de complicações associadas à cronicidade da doença, as dislipidemias representam elevados custos ao setor da saúde e da previdência social. Diante disso, ressalta-se a importância do Sistema Único de Saúde, representado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), em prover práticas de prevenção, diagnóstico e acompanhamento dos pacientes dislipidêmicos, a fim de desonerar o sistema financeiro e promover o envelhecimento saudável. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de perfil lipídico alterado entre os idosos. Além disso, pretendeu-se caracterizar a amostra quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde e de comportamento, bem como analisar os fatores associados à distribuição do perfil lipídico alterado e às características da amostra. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados secundários, obtidos de agosto de 2021 a julho de 2022, tendo como população pacientes idosos em acompanhamento na APS do município de Marau (RS). Todos os dados foram coletados dos prontuários eletrônicos da rede de APS e, após dupla digitação e validação dos dados, a amostra foi caracterizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Foi calculada a prevalência de perfil lipídico alterado com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e foi verificada sua distribuição conforme as variáveis de exposição, empregando-se o teste do χ2 e admitindo-se erro tipo I de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de dislipidemia proporcional entre os sexos foi maior no feminino (33%). A cor de pele predominante foi a branca (76,7%). Cerca de 20% dos pacientes apresentavam colesterol total, colesterol HDL-c e triglicerídeos alterados, enquanto cerca de 15% apresentavam o colesterol HDL-c anormal. Constatou-se que os pacientes dislipidêmicos apresentam mais diabetes e hipertensão em relação aos não dislipidêmicos, ocorrendo a sinergia de fatores de risco para as DCV. Conclusões: A caracterização exercida neste estudo serve de base científica para a compreensão da realidade local e, também, para o direcionamento de políticas públicas na atenção primária que atuem de forma efetiva na prevenção e no controle das dislipidemias e demais fatores de risco cardiovascular.

Introduction: Dyslipidemias are among the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), in addition to being related to other pathologies that predispose to CVD. Because of the high prevalence and incidence of complications associated with the chronicity of the disease, dyslipidemias represent high costs for the health and social security sector. This highlights the importance of the Unified Health System, represented by primary health care (PHC), in providing prevention, diagnosis and follow-up practices for dyslipidemic patients to relieve the financial system and promote healthy aging. Objective: The study aimed to describe the prevalence of altered lipid profile among older people. In addition, we sought to characterize the sample in terms of sociodemographic, health and behavioral aspects, as well as to analyze the factors associated with the distribution of the altered lipid profile and the characteristics of the sample. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with secondary data, from August 2021 to July 2022, with older patients being followed up at the PHC in the city of Marau (RS) as the study population. All data were collected from the electronic medical records of the PHC network, and after double-typing and validation, the sample was characterized using descriptive statistics. The prevalence of altered lipid profile was determined with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and its distribution was verified according to the exposure variables, using the chi-square test and a type I error of 5%. Results: The prevalence of proportional dyslipidemia between sexes was higher in females (33%). The predominant skin color was white (76.7%). About 20% of the patients had altered total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglycerides, while about 15% had abnormal HDL-C. It was found that more dyslipidemic patients had diabetes and hypertension than non-dyslipidemic patients, with a synergy of risk factors for CVD. Conclusions: The characterization carried out in this study serves as a scientific basis for understanding the local reality and also for directing public policies in PHC that act effectively in the prevention and control of dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Introducción: las dislipidemias se encuentran entre los factores de riesgo más importantes para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), además de estar relacionadas con otras patologías que predisponen a ECV. Debido a la alta prevalencia e incidencia de complicaciones asociadas a la cronicidad de la enfermedad, las dislipidemias representan altos costos para los sectores de salud y seguridad social. Frente a eso, se destaca la importancia del Sistema Único de Salud, representado por la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), en la provisión de prácticas de prevención, diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes dislipidémicos, con el fin de descongestionar el sistema financiero y promover el envejecimiento saludable. Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo describir la prevalencia del perfil lipídico alterado entre los ancianos. Además, se pretende caracterizar la muestra en cuanto a aspectos sociodemográficos, de salud y conductuales, así como analizar los factores asociados a la distribución del perfil lipídico alterado y las características de la muestra. Métodos: estudio transversal con datos secundarios, de agosto de 2021 a julio de 2022, con pacientes ancianos en seguimiento en la APS del municipio de Marau (RS) como población. Todos los datos fueron recolectados de la historia clínica electrónica de la red de la APS y, luego de doble digitación y validación, la muestra fue caracterizada mediante estadística descriptiva. Se calculó la prevalencia de perfil lipídico alterado con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%) y se verificó su distribución según las variables de exposición, utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado y admitiendo un error tipo I del 5%. Resultados: la prevalencia de dislipidemia proporcional entre sexos fue mayor en el sexo femenino (33%). El color de piel predominante fue el blanco (76,7%). Alrededor del 20% de los pacientes tenían colesterol total, colesterol HDL-C y triglicéridos alterados, mientras que alrededor del 15% tenían colesterol HDL-C anormal. Se encontró que los pacientes dislipidémicos tienen más diabetes e hipertensión que los pacientes no dislipidémicos, con una sinergia de factores de riesgo para ECV. Conclusiones: la caracterización realizada en este estudio sirve de base científica para comprender la realidad local y también para orientar políticas públicas en atención primaria que actúen de manera efectiva en la prevención y control de la dislipidemia y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Relato de caso de lombalgia inflamatória com extenso comprometimento anatômico-funcional: a importância de uma adequada abordagem da dor lombar na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Case report of inflammatory low back pain with extensive anatomical-functional impairment: The importance of an adequate approach to low back pain in Primary Care / Presentación de un caso de lumbalgia inflamatoria con afectación anatómico-funcional extensa: La importancia de un abordaje adecuado de la lumbalgia en Atención Primaria de Salud

Introdução: A lombalgia é uma condição prevalente e que apresenta importante impacto na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida, sendo a sua correta abordagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde fundamental para a identificação e o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico etiológico precoce de possíveis patologias que possam estar relacionadas a desfechos mórbidos e a graves limitações funcionais. Apresentação do caso: Paciente de 56 anos, sexo masculino, hipertenso, foi encaminhado para serviço especializado de reumatologia com histórico de lombalgia havia mais de 20 anos. Ao exame físico foi constatada presença de deformidades da coluna vertebral e extensa limitação de movimentos. Exames radiográficos mostravam esclerose de articulações sacroilíacas, osteopenia difusa e coluna vertebral em aspecto de "bambu". Conclusões: Constata-se a importância de que na abordagem das lombalgias na atenção primária se busque o reconhecimento de possíveis etiologias graves e potencialmente incapacitantes que possam estar subjacentes à queixa de dor lombar. Com esse objetivo, é fundamental o reconhecimento das chamadas red flags relacionadas às lombalgias, além de sua caracterização como mecânica ou inflamatória. Perante a atuação da atenção primária no oferecimento de um cuidado pautado na integralidade e na prevenção de agravos, reafirma-se a importância de uma avaliação clínica pormenorizada das lombalgias nesse nível de atenção à saúde.

Introduction: Low back pain is a prevalent condition that has an important impact on functional capacity and quality of life, and its correct approach in Primary Care is fundamental to the identification and establishment of an early etiological diagnosis of possible pathologies that may be related to outcomes morbid conditions and serious functional limitations. Case presentation: 56-year-old male patient, hypertensive, referred to a specialized rheumatology service with a history of low back pain for over 20 years. Physical examination revealed the presence of spinal deformities and extensive movement limitations. Radiographic examinations showing sclerosis of the sacro-iliac joints, diffuse osteopenia and a "bamboo" appearance of the spine. Conclusions: It is important that in the approach of low back pain in Primary Care, we seek to recognize possible serious and potentially disabling etiologies that may underlie the complaint of low back pain. For that, it is essential to recognize the so-called "red flags" related to low back pain, in addition to its characterization as mechanical or inflammatory. Given the role of Primary Care in offering care based on integrality and in the prevention of injuries, the importance of a detailed clinical assessment of low back pain at this level of health care is reaffirmed.

Introducción: La lumbalgia es una patología prevalente que tiene un impacto importante en la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida, y su correcto abordaje en Atención Primaria de Salud es fundamental para la identificación y establecimiento de un diagnóstico etiológico precoz de posibles patologías que puedan estar relacionadas con los resultados, condiciones morbosas y limitaciones funcionales graves. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 56 años, hipertenso, remitido a servicio especializado de reumatología con antecedentes de dolor lumbar de más de 20 años. El examen físico reveló la presencia de deformidades de la columna y amplias limitaciones de movimiento. Los exámenes radiológicos muestran esclerosis de las articulaciones sacroilíacas, osteopenia difusa y una apariencia de "bambú" de la columna. Conclusiones: Es importante que al abordar la lumbalgia en Atención Primaria de Salud busquemos reconocer las posibles etiologías graves y potencialmente incapacitantes que pueden subyacer a la queja de lumbalgia. Con este objetivo, es fundamental reconocer las llamadas "banderas rojas" relacionadas con la lumbalgia, además de su caracterización como mecánica o inflamatoria. Dado el papel de Atención Primaria de Salud a la hora de ofrecer una atención basada en la integralidad y prevención de enfermedades, se reafirma la importancia de una evaluación clínica detallada de la lumbalgia en este nivel de atención sanitaria.

Previne brasil e financiamento da atenção primária: facilidades e dificuldades de gestores municipais de saúde / Previne Brasil and primary care financing: facilities and difficulties for municipal health managers / Previne Brasil y financiamiento de la atención primaria: facilidades y dificultades para los gestores municipales de salud

Objetivo: compreender as facilidades e dificuldades enfrentadas por gestores municipais de saúde com o novo modelo de financiamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, tipo Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, fundamentado na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica. Participaram 77 gestores ou seus representantes, de 47 municípios de uma Macrorregião de saúde de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram realizadas três oficinas nas Gerências Regionais de Saúde, em agosto e setembro de 2022. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo. Resultados: apresentam-se como facilidades do Previne Brasil informatização, comprometimento dos profissionais, e qualificação do cuidado. Foram descritas como dificuldades falta de informações, sistema informatizado e denominador estimado e, equipe de trabalho. Conclusão: o programa apresenta facilidades que qualificam o processo de trabalho e cuidado à saúde da população. Contudo, persistem dificuldades que devem ser consideradas pela gestão municipal para avanços na atenção integral e no financiamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Objective: understand the facilities and difficulties faced by municipal health managers with the new Primary Health Care financing model. Method: this is a qualitative study, of the Convergent Care Research type, based on the National Primary Care Policy. The participants were 77 managers or their representatives from 47 municipalities in a health Macroregion in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Three workshops were held in the Regional Health Departments in August and September 2022. The data was analyzed using content analysis. Results: Previne Brasil's facilities include computerization, commitment of professionals, and qualification of care. Difficulties were described as lack of information, computerized system and estimated denominator, and work team. Conclusion: the program offers facilities that improve the work process and health care for the population. However, there are still difficulties that must be considered by municipal management in order to make progress in comprehensive care and Primary Health Care financing.

Objetivo: comprender las facilidades y dificultades que enfrentan los gestores municipales de salud con el nuevo modelo de financiamiento de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio cualitativo, tipo Investigación Convergente Asistencial, basado en la Política Nacional de Atención Primaria. Participaron 77 gestores o sus representantes, de 47 municipios de una Macrorregión de salud de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se realizaron tres talleres en las Gerencias Regionales de Salud, en agosto y septiembre de 2022. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: las instalaciones de Previne Brasil incluyen informatización, compromiso de los profesionales y calificación de la atención. Las dificultades fueron descritas como falta de información, sistema informatizado y denominador estimado y equipo de trabajo. Conclusión: el programa presenta facilidades que cualifican el proceso de trabajo y la atención de la salud de la población. Sin embargo, aún hay dificultades que la gestión municipal debe considerar para lograr avances en la atención integral y el financiamiento de la Atención Primaria de Salud.

Hospitalizaciones evitables por problemas de salud sensibles a cuidados ambulatorios: construcción y validación de la lista Uruguaya de patologías

Introducción: Las hospitalizaciones por Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions es un indicador que mide la utilización de los servicios hospitalarios por problemas de salud que podrían haber sido prevenidos en el primer nivel de atención. El concepto se refiere a los procesos en que la atención ambulatoria efectiva puede ayudar a disminuir los riesgos de hospitalización, en un segundo nivel de atención. El objetivo del estudio fue construir y validar una lista uruguaya de problemas de salud sensibles a cuidados ambulatorios (PSSCA) según CIE-10. Metodología: Para la construcción de la lista inicial de códigos de PSSCA se realizó una revisión de los listados existentes y se propuso un listado inicial que fue validado a través del Método Delphi. Se propone un listado de 99 códigos diagnósticos de PSSCA adaptado a nuestro entono sanitario. Los mismos permiten identificar y cuantificar problemas de salud que pueden producir hospitalizaciones potenciamente evitables mediante cuidados ambulatorios accesibes y oportunos en el primer nivel de atención. Resultados: Se conformó un panel de 12 expertos. A partir de los datos obtenidos, considerando los 99 diagnósticos clasificados por CIE-10, éstos se pueden subclasificar en función de si la patología es infecciosa o no, obteniendo un resultado general de 62 patologías en un total de 99 que pueden ser clasificadas como infecciosas, lo que se corresponde a un 62 %. Discusión: De la comparación de la lista uruguaya de PSSCA a la que hemos arribado y las listas validadas utilizadas para la construcción inicial del listado de patologías propuesto, podemos decir que la primera presenta un mayor porcentaje de coincidencia con la lista de patologías de Bello Horizonte. Podemos mencionar que la mayoría de los problemas de salud identificados con base en el listado de PSSCA, son sensibles de ser resueltos con la atención primaria oportuna y de calidad que podría evitar o disminuir de una manera significativa su hospitalización. Conclusiones: Este trabajo describe el proceso de construcción y validación de una lista de códigos de PSSCA adaptados al contexto uruguayo a través del método Delphi. Hemos arribado a un listado que comprende un total de 99 diagnósticos, agrupadas en un total de diecinueve categorías que considera la especificidad del contexto uruguayo del indicador.

Introduction: Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions is an indicator that measures the use of hospital services for health problems that could have been prevented at the first level of care. The concept refers to the processes in which effective outpatient care can help reduce the risks of hospitalization, at a second level of care. The objective of the study was to build and validate a Uruguayan list of health problems sensitive to outpatient care (PSS-CA) according to ICD-10. Methodology: To construct the initial list of PSSCA codes, a review of the existing lists was carried out and an initial list was proposed that was validated through the Delphi Method. A list of 99 PSSCA diagnostic codes adapted to our healthcare environment is proposed. They make it possible to identify and quantify health problems that can lead to potentially avoidable hospitalizations through accessible and timely outpatient care at the first level of care. Results: A panel of 12 experts was formed. From the data obtained, considering the 99 diagnoses classified by ICD-10, these can be subclassified depending on whether the pathology is infectious or not, obtaining a general result of 62 pathologies in a total of 99 that can be classified as infectious, which corresponds to 62%. Discussion: From the comparison of the Uruguayan list of PSSCA that we have arrived at and the validated lists used for the initial construction of the proposed list of pathologies, we can say that the first presents a higher percentage of coincidence with the list of pathologies of Bello Horizonte . We can mention that most of the health problems identified based on the PSSCA list are sensitive to being resolved with timely and quality primary care that could prevent or significantly reduce hospitalization. Conclusions: This work describes the process of construction and validation of a list of PSSCA codes adapted to the Uruguayan context through the Delphi method. We have arrived at a list that includes a total of 99 diagnoses, grouped into a total of nineteen categories that consider the specificity of the Uruguayan context of the indicator.

Introdução: As Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Ambulatorial são um indicador que mede a utilização de serviços hospitalares para problemas de saúde que poderiam ter sido evitados no primeiro nível de atenção. O conceito refere-se aos processos em que um atendimento ambulatorial eficaz pode auxiliar na redução dos riscos de internação, em um segundo nível de atenção. O objetivo do estudo foi construir e validar uma lista uruguaia de problemas de saúde sensíveis à atenção ambulatorial (PSS-CA) segundo a CID-10. Metodologia: Para construir a lista inicial de códigos PSSCA foi realizada uma revisão das listas existentes e foi proposta uma lista inicial que foi validada através do Método Delphi. É proposta uma lista de 99 códigos de diagnóstico PSSCA adaptados ao nosso ambiente de saúde. Permitem identificar e quantificar problemas de saúde que podem levar a hospitalizações potencialmente evitáveis ​​através de cuidados ambulatórios acessíveis e oportunos no primeiro nível de cuidados. Resultados: Foi formado um painel de 12 especialistas. A partir dos dados obtidos, considerando os 99 diagnósticos classificados pela CID-10, estes podem ser subclassificados consoante a patologia seja infecciosa ou não, obtendo-se um resultado geral de 62 patologias num total de 99 que podem ser classificadas como infecciosas, o que corresponde para 62%. Discussão: A partir da comparação da lista uruguaia de PSSCA a que chegamos e das listas validadas utilizadas para a construção inicial da lista de patologias proposta, podemos dizer que a primeira apresenta um maior percentual de coincidência com a lista de patologias de Belo Horizonte. Podemos mencionar que a maioria dos problemas de saúde identificados com base na lista PSSCA são sensíveis para serem resolvidos com cuidados primários oportunos e de qualidade que possam prevenir ou reduzir significativamente a hospitalização. Conclusões: Este trabalho descreve o processo de construção e validação de uma lista de códigos PSSCA adaptados ao contexto uruguaio através do método Delphi. Chegamos a uma lista que inclui um total de 99 diagnósticos, agrupados em um total de dezenove categorias que consideram a especificidade do contexto uruguaio do indicador.

O (des)cuidado em saúde às pessoas LGBTQIAP+ dispensado por profissionais em unidades básicas de saúde / The (lack of)health care provided to LGBTQIAP+ people by professionals in primary care centers / El (des)cuidado en salud a las personas LGBTQIAP+ dispensado por profesionales en unidades básicas de salud

Objetivo: compreender o cuidado em saúde dispensado às pessoas LGBTQIAP+ por profissionais em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, a partir do referencial teórico da Política Nacional de Saúde LGBT (PNSILGBT) estabelecida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que entrevistou 12 profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica. Os dados coletados passaram pela Análise Lexical utilizando-se do software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas que possibilitaram compreender que os profissionais reconhecem as violências praticadas na assistência a essa população, as barreiras no acesso e as dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas LGBTQIAP+. Considerações finais: o desconhecimento das políticas e a não percepção das consequências dessas ações para a saúde dessa população remete muito mais ao (des)cuidado do que efetivamente ao cuidado condizente as suas reais necessidades em saúde.

Objective: to understand the health care provided to LGBTQIAP+ people by professionals in Primary Care Centers, based on the theoretical framework of the National LGBT Health Policy (PNSILGBT) established by the Unified Health System (SUS). Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, which interviewed 12 primary care health professionals. The data collected was subjected to Lexical Analysis using the IRAMUTEQ software. Results: Three thematic categories emerged which made it possible to understand that professionals recognize the violence practiced in assisting this population, the barriers to access and the difficulties faced by LGBTQIAP+ people. Final considerations: the lack of knowledge of the policies and the lack of perception of the consequences of these actions for the health of this population leads much more to (lack of)care than to care in line with their real health needs.

Objetivo: comprender el cuidado en salud brindado a las personas LGBTQIAP+ por profesionales en Unidades Básicas de Salud, partiendo del marco teórico de la Política Nacional de Salud LGBT (PNSILGBT) establecida por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, que entrevistó a 12 profesionales de salud de la Atención Básica. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados mediante Análisis Léxico utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías temáticas que permitieron comprender que los profesionales reconocen las violencias ejercidas en la asistencia a esta población, las barreras en el acceso y las dificultades enfrentadas por personas LGBTQIAP+. Consideraciones finales: el desconocimiento de las políticas y la no percepción de las consecuencias de estas acciones para la salud de esta población reflejan mucho más el (des)cuido que efectivamente el cuidado acorde a sus reales necesidades en salud.

Tecnologias em saúde da hanseníase no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde: revisão de escopo / Leprosy health technologies in Primary Health Care: a scoping review / Tecnologías en salud de la lepra en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria a la Salud: revisión del alcance

Objetivo: mapear as tecnologias em saúde para manejo no cuidado à pessoa com hanseníase na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: revisão de escopo baseada na metodologia do JBI, em seis bases de dados, seguindo a checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Foram incluídos estudos publicados em qualquer idioma, com diferentes abordagens metodológicas. Resultados: os 14 estudos incluídos na revisão mostram que a aplicabilidade de tecnologias para o manejo do cuidado a pessoa com hanseníase na Atenção Primária à Saúde, possibilitam a confirmação de diagnóstico, acompanhamento, monitoramento e prevenção de incapacidades. Conclusão: nota-se que tecnologia em saúde se apresentam como ferramentas que auxiliam no processo de cuidado na assistência a pessoas com hanseníase, a fim de permitir aos profissionais de saúde conhecimento sobre a doença, proporcionando qualidade na sua prática de saúde.

Objective: to map health technologies for managing the care of people with leprosy in Primary Health Care. Method: scoping review based on the JBI methodology in six databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Studies published in any language were included, with different methodological approaches. Results: the 14 studies included in the review show that the applicability of technologies for the management of care for people with leprosy in Primary Health Care makes it possible to confirm diagnosis, follow-up, monitoring, and prevention of disabilities. Conclusion: it has been noted that health technologies are tools that help in the process of caring for people with leprosy, to provide health professionals with knowledge about the disease, improving quality of health practice.

Objetivo: mapear las tecnologías en salud para el manejo en el cuidado a la persona con lepra en la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Método: revisión del alcance basada en la metodología del JBI, en seis bases de datos, siguiendo la checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Se han incluido estudios publicados en cualquier idioma, con diferentes enfoques metodológicos. Resultados: los 14 estudios incluidos en la revisión muestran que la aplicabilidad de tecnologías para el manejo del cuidado a la persona con lepra en la Atención Primaria a la Salud posibilita la confirmación de diagnóstico, seguimiento, monitoreo y prevención de incapacidades. Conclusión: se percibe que las tecnologías en salud se presentan como herramientas que ayudan en el proceso de cuidado en la asistencia a personas con lepra, con fines de permitir a los profesionales de salud el acceso al conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, proporcionando calidad en su práctica de salud.

Senses and meanings of primary health care academic visions in nursing / Sentidos y significados de las visiones académicas de la atención/cuidado primaria de salud en enfermería / Sentidos e significados das visões acadêmicas da atenção básica/cuidado em enfermagem

Introduction: Primary Health Care (PHC) has acquired different meanings for different people, at specific times and places, which poses important challenges for its understanding. Objective: To analyze the meaning(s) and sense(s) of Primary/Basic Health Care in the academic views on Nursing/Health in the context of undergraduate Nursing courses offered at two public Higher Education Institutions. Materials and methods: Qualitative study with an exploratory approach. Semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis were used as data collection techniques. Results: The senses/meanings of Primary Health Care converge with the population's gateway to the health system at the first care level and with the first contact of a person with the health service. However, it is still considered as a less important service within the care network. Conclusion: Primary Health Care means a relevant possibility for Nursing/Health care through health promotion and disease prevention actions, with a commitment to respond to most of the population's health needs.

Introducción: La Atención Primaria de Salud ha adquirido diferentes significados para diversas personas, en momentos y lugares específicos, lo cual plantea importantes retos para su entendimiento. Objetivo: Analizar los significados y sentidos de la Atención Primaria de Salud desde una visión académica en Enfermería y en el contexto de cursos de pregrado en Enfermería ofrecidos en dos Instituciones Públicas de Educación Superior. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo con un enfoque exploratorio, para la recolección de datos se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis documental de contenidos. Resultados: Los sentidos/significados de la Atención Primaria de la Salud convergen con el ingreso de la población al sistema de salud en el primer nivel de atención y la primera experiencia de la persona con el servicio de salud. Sin embargo, dicha Atención Primaria todavía se considera un servicio de baja importancia dentro de la red asistencial. Conclusión: La Atención Primaria de Salud representa una posibilidad relevante para el cuidado de Enfermería a través de acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades, que debe fortalecerse para responder la mayoría de las necesidades de salud de la población.

Introdução: A Atenção Primária à Saúde tem adquirido diferentes significados para diferentes pessoas, em momentos e locais específicos, o que coloca desafios importantes para a sua compreensão. Objetivo: Analisar os sentidos e significados da Atenção Primária à Saúde na perspectiva acadêmica em Enfermagem e no contexto dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem oferecidos em duas Instituições de Ensino Superior Públicas. Materiais e métodos: Estudo qualitativo com abordagem exploratória, utilizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas para coleta de dados e análise de conteúdo documental. Resultados: Os sentidos/significados da Atenção Primária à Saúde convergem com a entrada da população no sistema de saúde no primeiro nível de atenção e a primeira experiência da pessoa com o serviço de saúde. Contudo, a referida Atenção Básica ainda é considerada um serviço de baixa importância dentro da rede de saúde. Conclusão: A Atenção Primária à Saúde representa uma possibilidade relevante para o cuidado de Enfermagem por meio de ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças, que devem ser fortalecidas para responder à maioria das necessidades de saúde da população.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder resources for health professionals: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to identify and critically appraise resources for health professionals to identify, diagnose, refer, and support individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)-including the extent to which the resources are appropriate for use in communities with First Nations Peoples. METHOD: Seven peer-reviewed databases (April 2022) and 14 grey literature websites (August 2022) were searched. The reference lists of all sources that underwent full-text review were handsearched, and FASD experts were consulted for additional sources. Resources were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation II instrument and an adapted version of the National Health and Medical Research Council FORM Framework and iCAHE Guideline Quality Checklist. RESULTS: A total of 41 resources underwent data extraction and critical appraisal, as screening and/or diagnosis guidelines were excluded because they are covered in other reviews. Most were recently published or updated (n=24), developed in the USA (n=15, 36.6%) or Australia (n=12, 29.3%) and assisted with FASD patient referral or support (n=40). Most management guidelines scored 76%-100% on overall quality assessment (n=5/9) and were recommended for use in the Australian context with modifications (n=7/9). Most of the guides (n=15/22) and factsheets (n=7/10) received a 'good' overall score. Few (n=3/41) resources were explicitly designed for or with input from First Nations Australians. CONCLUSION: High-quality resources are available to support health professionals providing referrals and support to individuals with FASD, including language guides. Resources should be codesigned with people living with FASD to capture and integrate their knowledge and preferences.

Effectiveness of post-COVID-19 primary care attendance in improving survival in very old patients with multimorbidity: a territory-wide target trial emulation.

OBJECTIVES: Older individuals with multimorbidity are at an elevated risk of infection and complications from COVID-19. Effectiveness of post-COVID-19 interventions or care models in reducing subsequent adverse outcomes in these individuals have rarely been examined. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of attending general outpatient within 30 days after discharge from COVID-19 on 1-year survival among older adults aged 85 years or above with multimorbidity. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study emulating a randomised target trial using electronic health records. SETTING: We used data from the Hospital Authority and the Department of Health in Hong Kong, which provided comprehensive electronic health records, COVID-19 confirmed case data, population-based vaccination records and other individual characteristics for the study. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 85 years or above with multimorbidity who were discharged after hospitalisation for COVID-19 between January 2020 and August 2022. INTERVENTIONS: Attending a general outpatient within 30 days of last COVID-19 discharge defined the exposure, compared to no outpatient visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was all-cause mortality within one year. Secondary outcomes included mortality from respiratory, cardiovascular and cancer causes. RESULTS: A total of 6183 eligible COVID-19 survivors were included in the analysis. The all-cause mortality rate following COVID-19 hospitalisation was lower in the general outpatient visit group (17.1 deaths per 100 person-year) compared with non-visit group (42.8 deaths per 100 person-year). After adjustment, primary care consultations within 30 days after discharge were associated with a significantly greater 1-year survival (difference in 1-year survival: 11.2%, 95% CI 8.1% to 14.4%). We also observed significantly better survival from respiratory diseases in the general outpatient visit group (difference in 1-year survival: 6.3%, 95% CI 3.5% to 8.9%). In a sensitivity analysis for different grace period lengths, we found that the earlier participants had a general outpatient visit after COVID-19 discharge, the better the survival. CONCLUSIONS: Timely primary care consultations after COVID-19 hospitalisation may improve survival following COVID-19 hospitalisation among older adults aged 85 or above with multimorbidity. Expanding primary care services and implementing follow-up mechanisms are crucial to support this vulnerable population's recovery and well-being.

Equitable Care for Hypertension: Blood Pressure and Patient-Reported Outcomes of the RICH LIFE Cluster Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Disparities in hypertension control are well documented but underaddressed. METHODS: RICH LIFE (Reducing Inequities in Care of Hypertension: Lifestyle Improvement for Everyone) was a 2-arm, cluster randomized trial comparing the effect on blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP ≤140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≤90 mm Hg), patient activation, and disparities in BP control of 2 multilevel interventions, standard of care plus (SCP) and collaborative care/stepped care (CC/SC). SCP included BP measurement standardization, audit and feedback, and equity-leadership training. CC/SC added roles to address social or medical needs. Primary outcomes were BP control and patient activation at 12 months. Generalized estimating equations and mixed-effects regression models with fixed effects of time, intervention, and their interaction compared change in outcomes at 12 months from baseline. RESULTS: A total of 1820 adults with uncontrolled BP and ≥1 other risk factors enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 60.3 years, and baseline BP was 152.3/85.5 mm Hg; 59.4% were women; 57.4% were Black, 33.2% were White, and 9.4% were Hispanic; 74% had hyperlipidemia; and 45.1% had type 2 diabetes. CC/SC did not improve BP control rates more than SCP. Both groups achieved statistically and clinically significant BP control rates at 12 months (CC/SC: 57.3% [95% CI, 52.7%-62.0%]; SCP: 56.7% [95% CI, 51.9%-61.5%]). Pairwise comparisons between racial and ethnic groups showed overall no significant differences in BP control at 12 months. Patients with coronary heart disease showed greater achievement of BP control in CC/SC than in SCP (64.0% [95% CI, 54.1%-73.9%] versus 50.8% [95% CI, 42.6%-59.0%]; P=0.04), as did patients in rural areas (67.3% [95% CI, 49.8%-84.8%] versus 47.8% [95% CI, 32.4%-63.2%]; P=0.01). Individuals in both arms experienced statistically and clinically significant reductions in mean systolic BP (CC/SC: -13.8 mm Hg [95% CI, -15.2 to -12.5]; SCP: -14.6 mm Hg [95% CI, -15.9 to -13.2]) and diastolic BP (CC/SC: -6.9 mm Hg [95% CI, -7.8 to -6.1]; SCP: -5.5 mm Hg [95% CI, -6.4 to -4.6]) over time. The difference in diastolic BP reduction between CC/SC and SCP over time was statistically significant (-1.4 mm Hg [95% CI, -2.6 to -0.2). Patient activation did not differ between arms. CC/SC showed greater improvements in patient ratings of chronic illness care (Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care score) over 12 months (0.12 [95% CI, 0.02-0.22]). CONCLUSIONS: Adding a collaborative care team to enhanced standard of care did not improve BP control but did improve patient ratings of chronic illness care.

Health-Related Social Needs Screening and Referral in Pediatric Primary Care: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to review approaches to health-related social needs (HRSN) screening and referral in pediatric primary care. METHOD: PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched to include peer-reviewed studies conducted in the U.S. over the last 30 years that reported HRSN screening and/or referral outcomes in primary care up to age 18. Studies included multiple HRSN domains and a variety of study designs. Data were summarized descriptively. RESULTS: 20 studies met inclusion criteria. A variety of screening targets and modalities were employed in addition to referral support methods. Positive screens among the domains reported varied depending on the screening process and sample. DISCUSSION: This review highlights a range of patient-centered innovations for HRSN screening and referral that may be adaptable to a range of local needs and capacities. Ongoing rigorous evaluation of these models is needed.

A Primary Health Care Program and COVID-19. Impact in Hospital Admissions and Mortality.

BACKGROUND: Most patients with mild or moderate COVID infection did not require hospital admission, but depending on their personal history, they needed medical supervision. In monitoring these patients in primary care, the design of specific surveillance programs was of great help. Between February 2021 and March 2022, EDCO program was designed in Tenerife, Spain, to telemonitor patients with COVID infection who had at least one vulnerability factor to reduce hospital admissions and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical course of patients included in the EDCO program and to analyze which factors were associated with a higher probability of hospital admission and mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: We included 3848 patients with a COVID-19 infection age over 60 years old or age over 18 years and at least one vulnerability factor previously reported in medical history. MAIN MEASURES: Primary outcome was to assess risk of admission or mortality. KEY RESULTS: 278 (7.2%) patients required hospital admission. Relative risks (RR) of hospital admission were oxygen saturation ≤ 92% (RR: 90.91 (58.82-142.86)), respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths per minute (RR: 20.41 (1.19-34.48), obesity (RR: 1.53 (1.12-2.10), chronic kidney disease (RR:2.31 (1.23-4.35), ≥ 60 years of age (RR: 1.44 (1.04-1.99). Mortality rate was 0.7% (27 patients). Relative risks of mortality were respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths per minute (RR: 24.85 (11.15-55.38), patients with three or more vulnerability factors (RR: 4.10 (1.62-10.38), oxygen saturation ≤ 92% (RR: 4.69 (1.70-15.15), chronic respiratory disease (RR: 3.32 (1.43-7.69) and active malignancy (RR: 4.00 (1.42-11.23). CONCLUSIONS: Vulnerable patients followed by a primary care programme had admission rates of 7.2% and mortality rates of 0.7%. Supervision of vulnerable patients by a Primary Care team was effective in the follow-up of these patients with complete resolution of symptoms in 91.7% of the cases.

Implementing evidence-based practices to improve primary care for high-risk patients: study protocol for the VA high-RIsk VETerans (RIVET) type III effectiveness-implementation trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with significant multimorbidity and other factors that make healthcare challenging to access and coordinate are at high risk for poor health outcomes. Although most (93%) of Veterans' Health Administration (VHA) patients at high risk for hospitalization or death ("high-risk Veterans") are primarily managed by primary care teams, few of these teams have implemented evidence-based practices (EBPs) known to improve outcomes for the high-risk patient population's complex healthcare issues. Effective implementation strategies could increase adoption of these EBPs in primary care; however, the most effective implementation strategies to increase evidence-based care for high-risk patients are unknown. The high-RIsk VETerans (RIVET) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) will compare two variants of Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) strategies to implement two distinct EBPs for high-risk Veterans: individual coaching (EBQI-IC; tailored training with individual implementation sites to meet site-specific needs) versus learning collaborative (EBQI-LC; implementation sites trained in groups to encourage collaboration among sites). One EBP, Comprehensive Assessment and Care Planning (CACP), guides teams in addressing patients' cognitive, functional, and social needs through a comprehensive care plan. The other EBP, Medication Adherence Assessment (MAA), addresses common challenges to medication adherence using a patient-centered approach. METHODS: We will recruit and randomize 16 sites to either EBQI-IC or EBQI-LC to implement one of the EBPs, chosen by the site. Each site will have a site champion (front-line staff) who will participate in 18 months of EBQI facilitation. ANALYSIS: We will use a mixed-methods type 3 hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation trial to test EBQI-IC versus EBQI-LC versus usual care using a Concurrent Stepped Wedge design. We will use the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) framework to compare and evaluate Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and costs. We will then assess the maintenance/sustainment and spread of both EBPs in primary care after the 18-month implementation period. Our primary outcome will be Reach, measured by the percentage of eligible high-risk patients who received the EBP. DISCUSSION: Our study will identify which implementation strategy is most effective overall, and under various contexts, accounting for unique barriers, facilitators, EBP characteristics, and adaptations. Ultimately this study will identify ways for primary care clinics and teams to choose implementation strategies that can improve care and outcomes for patients with complex healthcare needs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05050643. Registered September 9th, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05050643 PROTOCOL VERSION: This protocol is Version 1.0 which was created on 6/3/2020.

Universal health coverage in Pakistan: exploring the landscape of the health system, health seeking behaviours, and utilization of health services.

The attainment of the noble objective of Universal Health Coverage (UHC)- 'leaving no one behind' necessitates sufficient financial resources, an ample supply of skilled healthcare professionals, and the availability of essential services as part of a basic package This paper presents an analysis of the health system, health seeking behaviours and health service utilization en route to UHC in Pakistan. We have used the UHC 14 tracer indicators of service coverage to see where Pakistan stands, what are the gaps and what needs to be done. Pakistan clearly is lagging behind its neighboring countries. The country's health system ought to work on health seeking behaviours and broader determinants of health. The pursuit of UHC demands a shared responsibility and collective action, with stakeholders from different sectors uniting their efforts and expertise. Together, they can establish robust systems, design comprehensive policies, allocate adequate resources, and implement interventions that transcend disciplinary boundaries.

Effect of circuit training and walking on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic women assisted in primary care clinic in Pelotas/RS, 2017: A randomized trial / Efecto del entrenamiento en circuito y de la caminata sobre el control glicémico de mujeres diabéticas tipo 2 atendidas en clínicas de atención primária de Pelotas/RS, 2017: Ensayo aleatorio / Efeito do treinamento em circuito e da caminhada sobre o controle glicêmico de mulheres diabéticas tipo 2 assistidas em unidades básicas de saúde de Pelotas/RS, 2017: Ensaio randomizado

Objective: compare the effects of circuit training and walking on glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: this randomized trial in primary  care clinic. The primary outcomes assessed were glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose. Two primary health care were randomized to the circuit training and three to the walking, including 41 women (circuit=28; walking=13). Intra- and inter-group comparisons were conducted by intention-to-treat. Results:  no changes were observed in glycated hemoglobin (p=0.209) and fasting blood glucose (p=0.123). Localized muscular resistance of the lower limbs and cardiorespiratory fitness increased in the functional training (p=0.002; p=0.009, respectively), and blood pressure decreased significantly in both groups (p=0.006; p=0.046, respectively). Conclusion: the interventions did not improve glycemic control. Circuit training was effective in improving physical fitness, and both models were effective in controlling participants' blood pressure.

Objetivo: comparar el efecto del entrenamiento en circuito y de la caminata sobre el control glicémico en mujeres diabéticas tipo 2. Métodos: se trata de ensayo randomizado en clínicas de atención primária. Los resultados primarios fueron la hemoglobina glucosilada y la glucosa. Fueron dos unidades para entrenamiento en circuito y tres para caminata, incluídas 41 mujeres (circuito=28; caminata=13). Comparaciones intra y entre grupos fueron conducidas por intención de tratar. Resultados: No se observaron cambios en el hemoglobina glucosilada (p=0,209) y la glucosa (p=0,123). La resistencia muscular localizada de miembros inferiores y la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria aumentaran en el entrenamiento en circuito (p=0,002; p=0,009, respectivamente), y la presión arterial sistólica e diastólica se redujo significativamente en los  grupos (p=0,006; p=0,046, respectivamente). Conclusión: las intervenciones no cambiaram el control glicémico. El entrenamiento en circuito mejoró la aptitud física y los dos modelos fueron eficaces para controlar la presión arterial de las participantes.

Objetivo: comparar o efeito do treinamento em circuito e da caminhada sobre o controle glicêmico de mulheres diabéticas tipo 2. Métodos: trata-se de ensaio randomizado em unidades básicas de saúde. Os desfechos primários foram hemoglobina glicada e glicemia de jejum. Duas unidades foram randomizadas para o treinamento em circuito e três para caminhada, incluiu-se41 mulheres (circuito=28; caminhada=13). Comparações intra e entre grupos foram conduzidas por intenção de tratar. Resultados:  não foram observadas mudanças entre os grupos na hemoglobina glicada (p=0,209) e glicemia de jejum (p=0,123).   A resistência muscular localizada de membros inferiores e aptidão cardiorrespiratória aumentaram com o circuito (p=0,002; p=0,009, respectivamente) e a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica reduziram significativamente nos grupos (p=0,006; p=0,046, respectivamente). Conclusão: as intervenções não melhoraram o controle glicêmico. O treinamento em circuito foi eficiente para melhorar a aptidão física e os dois modelos foram eficazes para controlar a pressão arterial das participantes.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-care and health condition of the older adults. CUIDAMOS+75. A mixed methods study protocol.

Aims: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health condition of people ≥75 years of age and on their family caregivers in Spain. Design: Multicentric, mixed method concurrent study. Methods: This work, which will be conducted within the primary care setting in 11 administrative regions of Spain, will include three coordinated studies with different methodologies. The first is a population-based cohort study that will use real-life data to analyze the rates and evolution of health needs, care provision, and services utilization before, during, and after the pandemic. The second is a prospective cohort study with 18 months of follow-up that will evaluate the impact of COVID-19 disease on mortality, frailty, functional and cognitive capacity, and quality of life of the participants. Finally, the third will be a qualitative study with a critical social approach to understand and interpret the social, political, and economic dimensions associated with the use of health services during the pandemic. We have followed the SPIRIT Checklist to address trial protocol and related documents. This research is being funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III since 2021 and was approved by its ethics committee (June 2022). Discussion: The study findings will reveal the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the older adults and their caregivers. This information will serve policymakers to adapt health policies to the needs of this population in situations of maximum stress, such as that produced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial Registration: Identifier: NCT05249868 [ClinicalTrials.gov].

Improving access to buprenorphine for rural veterans in a learning health care system.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a learning health care system research process designed to increase buprenorphine prescribing for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural primary care settings within U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment facilities. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING: Using national administrative data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse, we identified six rural VA health care systems that had improved their rate of buprenorphine prescribing within primary care from 2015 to 2020 (positive deviants). We conducted qualitative interviews with leaders, clinicians, and staff involved in buprenorphine prescribing within primary care from these sites to inform the design of an implementation strategy. STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative interviews to inform implementation strategy development. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by a primary coder and secondary reviewer. Analysis utilized a mixed inductive/deductive approach. To develop an implementation strategy, we matched clinical needs identified within interviews with resources and strategies participants had utilized to address these needs in their own sites. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Interview participants (n = 30) identified key clinical needs and strategies for implementing buprenorphine in rural, primary care settings. Common suggestions included the need for clinical mentorship or a consult service, buprenorphine training, and educational resources. Building upon interview findings and in partnership with a clinical team, we developed an implementation strategy composed of an engaging case-based training, an audit and feedback process, and educational resources (e.g., Buprenorphine Frequently Asked Questions, Rural Care Model Infographic). CONCLUSIONS: We describe a learning health care system research process that leveraged national administrative data, health care provider interviews, and clinical partnership to develop an implementation strategy to encourage buprenorphine prescribing in rural primary care settings.

Reflections of nurses and primary healthcare managers on integrating hospital at home into public primary healthcare services: a Norwegian focus group study.

BACKGROUND: Hospital at home (HaH) is an innovative approach to healthcare delivery that brings specialized services to patients' homes. HaH services are typically available in urban areas where hospitals can easily reach nearby patients. An integrated care model that utilizes the public primary healthcare system may extend HaH services to include patients residing further away from hospitals. However, there is limited evidence of primary healthcare employees' views on integrating HaH care into primary healthcare services. This study aimed to explore the reflections of primary healthcare employees on integrating HaH care into primary healthcare services. METHODS: Ten focus group interviews were conducted with homecare nurses and managers of primary healthcare services in five municipalities in Mid-Norway. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in three key themes regarding the integration of HaH care into primary healthcare. Participants discussed how they capture the distinctiveness of HaH care within the primary healthcare landscape. Moreover, they identified that the introduction of HaH care reveals opportunities to address challenges. Lastly, the study uncovered a strong primary healthcare commitment and a sense of professional pride among the participants. This resilience and dedication among primary healthcare employees appeared as an incentive to make the integration of HaH work. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers valuable insights into integrating HaH into primary healthcare services, highlighting opportunities to address challenges. The resilience and dedication of primary healthcare employees underscore their commitment to adapting to and thriving with HaH care. To establish a sustainable HaH care model, it is important to address geographical limitations, consider the strain on providers, maintain robust relationships, enhance funding, and formalize decision-making processes.