[Working 40 years as medical doctors.] / Negyven év az orvoslásban.

The health status of health professionals, including medical doctors is an important topic, although it is an under-researched area in Hungary and in the East-Central European countries as well. Our quasi-cohort research was focused on the health status, morbidities, anthropometric parameters, lifestyle and professional career of Hungarian medical doctors who graduated in 1979, following them 25y, 30y and 40y after graduation, seeking differences between professional groups and genders. In 2019, the mean age of participants was 64.9y, the average number of children was 2.08, higher among surgical professionals (2.43). Men reported higher number of own children. The number of night shifts decreased during the past decades. Most of them is already retired, 70% is working besides receiving a pension. 27% changed their medical specialty, 36% intended to work in another field of medicine, when graduated. About 10% of them achieved scientific (PhD) degree, most of them were satisfied with own professional carrier. The body weight and BMI significantly increased during decades, without statistical difference between genders and professional groups. Diabetes was self reported in 7%, hypertension in 44%. Men neglected more frequently their regular health check-up. Compared to their patients at the same age, 71% rated their own health status better. Among those, who reported regular physical activities, the ratio of men was higher; the average time spent on sport was the same as in the past decades, although the ratio of persons who had regular physical activity decreased, fewer participated in team sport activities. Their sleeping habit is quiet, the time is 6.3 h between workdays and 7.7 h on weekends. Burn-out was not reported. The ratio of smokers decreased; the self-reported daily intake of alcoholic beverages was 1.3, the weekly 3.7 units. Differences described earlier between professional groups disappeared. The problems of the recent Hungarian health care system were similarly rated, although the income of Hungarian physicians has increased to a great extent in the past years. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(29): 1127-1133.

Perceptions of Polish and German physiotherapists about their professional education and development: a cross-sectional nonrandomized questionnaire cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The approach to the education and professional advancement of physiotherapists is particularly relevant today. To date, no studies have compared the perceptions of physiotherapists regarding professional issues in geographically close European countries such as Poland and Germany. Therefore, this study's purpose was to compare Polish and German physiotherapists' perceptions related to their profession, entry-level education, and career opportunities. METHODS: We recruited 565 physiotherapists from Poland and 560 physiotherapists from Germany. An opinion polling method based on a questionnaire was applied in the study. The survey was conducted in 48 facilities located throughout the territories of the two countries. The assessment focused on the following three issues: 1) professional education (form and content of educational programs, organizational aspects, and effects of education); 2) professional development and career opportunities; and 3) the relationship between years of service and perceptions of professional education, career satisfaction and advancement opportunities. RESULTS: German respondents rated specific aspects of their education, development opportunities and professional careers more highly than their Polish counterparts (p = 0.001). A highly significant negative correlation was identified in both groups between all the assessed aspects of professional education and years of service (0.9 ≤ |R| < 1, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Opinions on their professions expressed by physiotherapists from closely neighboring countries, namely, Poland and Germany, were surprisingly disparate. Compared to their Polish colleagues, German physiotherapists viewed their experiences more favorably vis-a-vis entry-level education, career opportunities, and professional status. Further study is needed to establish whether these findings reflect actual differences, sampling bias, or other factors.

The Interests of Family Medicine Residents in Future Faculty Positions Across the Senior Year.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The shortage of residency faculty in the pipeline is a growing concern to meet future workforce needs, though there is little research on attracting residents to be future faculty or what factors would influence their interest in this role. The objectives of this study were: (1) To assess the interest of third year residents (R3s) in faculty positions, and the various factors that might positively or negatively affect this decision; (2) to compare whether this changes across the R3 year; and (3) to compare between chief residents and other R3s. METHODS: Longitudinal survey at two points in time for each of three consecutive cohorts of R3s (2016-2018) from a regional network of family medicine residency programs. RESULTS: Among the final sample of R3s (176/545, 32% response), nearly half were interested in a residency faculty role. Strong positive influences on interest include the teaching role, advising/mentoring role, range of practice scope, and ability to perform procedures; salary and administrative responsibilities detract from interest. Among the matched sample of 96 R3s who also responded at Time 2 (55% response), non-chief residents had an increase in knowledge of and interest in the faculty role across the R3 year. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of senior family medicine residents report positive interest in residency faculty positions and in most components of the role. Mentorship may encourage more residents to consider these positions upon graduation or shortly thereafter. More research on other specialties and with career follow up is recommended.

O enfermeiro no corpo de bombeiros: perceções sobre os contributos da sua intervenção / The nurse in the fire department: perceptions about the contributions of his/her intervention

Os cuidados de saúde assumem atualmente uma progressiva importância e exigência técnica e científica, pois a diferenciação e a especialização são cada vez mais uma realidade que abrange a generalidade dos profissionais de saúde. O cidadão exige e tem direito a um atendimento de qualidade, pelo que se justifica o aumento de qualificação profissional e a identificação e apresentação de propostas de melhorias contínuas. Temos assistido, ao longo das últimas décadas, ao desenvolvimento de estruturas de resposta a situações de urgência, com elevada diversidade e heterogeneidade de meios, quer físicos, quer humanos. Os corpos de bombeiros necessitam acompanhar o nível de exigência, visto serem os maiores intervenientes no socorro à população, o que pode, pelas caraterísticas da sua missão, ser associado a elevados riscos de saúde a curto, médio e longo prazo. No entanto, carecem dos devidos cuidados de saúde ocupacional, que atualmente ultrapassam o foco nos acidentes de trabalho e nas doenças profissionais, dando lugar a uma proteção comum, intervindo em todos os problemas relacionados com a comunidade. Neste sentido, surge este estudo, que visa descrever a perceção dos enfermeiros sobre o seu contexto profissional e os contributos da sua intervenção nos corpos de bombeiros, com a finalidade de contribuir para uma melhoria da intervenção dos enfermeiros que integram os corpos de bombeiros, nomeadamente, das suas mais valias, tanto para as próprias corporações como para a comunidade e sensibilizar os responsáveis para a sua adequada integração profissional. Este estudo assenta numa abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, com uma dimensão descritiva, em que a estratégia de recolha de dados recaiu na entrevista semiestruturada dirigida a onze enfermeiros que exercem funções em corpos de bombeiros, recrutados através do método de amostragem bola de neve. Da análise dos dados emergiram seis áreas temáticas: áreas de intervenção dos enfermeiros nos corpos de bombeiros; contributos da intervenção dos enfermeiros nos corpos de bombeiros; expetativas enquanto enfermeiros; dificuldades vivenciadas como enfermeiros nos corpos dos bombeiros; contributos do reconhecimento da profissão nos corpos de bombeiros; sugestões de melhoria do reconhecimento profissional. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram que o enfermeiro pode desempenhar um papel de grande relevância, tanto para o corpo de bombeiros quanto para as pessoas que necessitam de socorro. Os cuidados de saúde extra-hospitalares a bombeiros ou civis, a saúde ocupacional, a assessoria, gestão de recursos e a formação, são campos onde o enfermeiro pode desenvolver um trabalho amplo e diferenciado. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da situação e do trabalho desenvolvido pelos enfermeiros nos corpos de bombeiros, da mais valia que representa e do que é necessário que as entidades responsáveis desenvolvam, em união de esforços, para que seja reconhecido em termos de carreira profissional.

Health care is currently assuming a role of increasing importance and technical and scientific level of demand, as differentiation and specialization are increasingly a reality that extends to every health care career. Citizens demand and are entitled to quality health care, which is why a commitment to increase professional qualifications and the identification and investment on proposals for continuous improvement is justified. Over the last few decades, we´ve witnessed the development of structures to respond to emergency health casualties, with an increase in diversity and differentiation of means, both physical and human. Firefight forces need to keep up with the level of demand, as they are the biggest role players in helping the population. Their job, due to the characteristics of their mission, can be associated with high health risks in the short, medium and long term. However, they lack proper occupational health care, which currently is focused on work accidents and occupational diseases, giving rise to common protection, intervening in all problems related to the community. The present study has the propose to describe the perception of nurses about their professional context and the contributions of their intervention in the firefighters brigades, in order for this professionals to contribute to an improvement in their intervention in those brigades. This way, we believe nurses could use their professional assets both to help improve the corporations themselves and, thus for the community, and to appeal to those responsible for their proper professional integration. This study is based on a qualitative approach, of the case study type, with a descriptive dimension, in which the data collection strategy was based on the semi-structured interview directed at eleven nurses who work in fire departments, recruited through the sampling method snowball. From the data analysis, six thematic areas emerged: nursing intervention areas in the firefight departments; nursing intervention contributions to the firefighters brigades; expectations for the nurses; difficulties experienced as nurses operating in firefight departments; contributions of the integration of nurses in firefight brigades; suggestions for improving professional recognition. The results of this investigation demonstrate that nurses can play a very relevant role, both for the fire department and for people in need of help. Pre-hospital health care for firefighters or civilians, occupational health, assistance, resource management and training are fields where nurses can develop a wide and differentiated work. We hope that the results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the situation and the work carried out by nurses in fire departments, the added value it represents and what it is necessary for the head departments of the brigades to develop joint efforts, so that the role of nurses in the firefight brigades can the recognized as such.

Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, ejemplo de médico y maestro / Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, example of doctor and teacher

Se bosqueja la trayectoria del Coronel (R) Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, luchador incansable que ha dedicado su vida a la medicina y a la Revolución. Se exploró su labor investigativa a través de una revisión documental, en su expediente, búsqueda de información disponible en internet, sus trabajos y una entrevista efectuada por los autores, con la cual, se logró precisar pasajes importantes de tan extensa vida. Con este trabajo, los autores se proponen divulgar los principales logros de la trayectoria laboral, científica y docente del profesor Castañer como merecido reconocimiento a la obra de toda su vida(AU)

The trajectory of Colonel (R) Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, a tireless fighter who has dedicated his life to medicine and the Revolution, is outlined. His investigative work was explored through a documentary review, in his employment record, a search for information available on the internet, his works and an interview carried out by the authors, with which it was possible to specify important passages of such long life. With this work, the authors intend to disseminate the main achievements of Professor Castañer's work, scientific and teaching career as well-deserved recognition of his life's work(AU)

Algunos aspectos sobre el desarrollo profesional de la medicina evaluadora de incapacidades laborales / Some aspects of the professional development of Evaluative Medicine of incapacity for work

La medicina evaluadora de incapacidades laborales es aquella rama u orientación de la medicina evaluadora que tiene por objetivo valorar la repercusión funcional del cuadro clínico de un trabajador, a efectos de que se determine la existencia o no de algún tipo y grado de incapacidad laboral. Es, por tanto, una aplicación práctica de la medicina que queda fuera del ámbito asistencial y que es ejercida, entre otros, por los médicos inspectores adscritos a la Seguridad Social en España. En el momento presente, los autores consideran necesario el desarrollo e implantación en España de unos estudios específicos que cualifiquen para la práctica de esta rama de la medicina, que pueden encajar como una modalidad de área de capacitación específica para diferentes especialidades médicas, buscando así dotar del mayor rigor científico en las evaluaciones médicas. Igualmente consideran necesaria, en el ámbito médico de la Seguridad Social, el desarrollo de oportunidades de ascenso y expectativas de progreso profesional conforme a los principios de igualdad, mérito y capacidad, lo que implica un sistema de carrera profesional. (AU)

Evaluative Medicine of incapacity for work is a branch or orientation of Medicine that aims to assess the functional repercussions of a worker’s clinical picture, for the purpose of determining whether there is some type and degree of work disability. It is, therefore, a practical application of Medicine that is outside the scope of health care and is carried out, among others, by the medical officers assigned to the Social Security (National Health Service) in Spain. At the present time, the authors consider it necessary to develop and implement specific studies in Spain to qualify for the practice of this branch of Medicine, which could fit in as a specific training area for different medical specialties, thus seeking to provide greater scientific rigor in medical evaluations. They also deem it necessary, in the medical field of Social Security, to develop opportunities for promotion and expectations of professional progress in accordance with the principles of equality, merit and ability, which are implied in a professional career system. (AU)

Prolonged lockdown and academic uncertainties in Bangladesh: A qualitative investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The erratic nature of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) forced the Bangladeshi government to shut down all the educational institutions since March 18, 2020. This prolonged closure not only detached the students from their study but also increased anxiety among them regarding their future academic as well as professional careers. The present study aimed to explore the perception and understanding of the students and teachers regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the academic life and career pursuit of university students in Bangladesh. With a semi-structured interview schedule, data for this qualitative study were collected from 8 purposively selected participants, using telephone interviews, affiliated with a public university in Bangladesh. Students argued that the extended closure is responsible for the delayed graduation of the senior students, thereby, mounting mental stress and frustration among them. The informants unequivocally opposed the online education platform, as a solution for the ongoing gap, due to scarcity of the resources, and unequal accesses and opportunities for all. It has been suggested that the education gap can be reduced by shortening the term, curtailing the preparatory leave, and taking extra classes over the weekends when the universities re-open together with enforced collective health hygiene.

Maxillofacial surgeons in the Third Reich and their connection to National Socialism.

This study examines the political role of German and Austrian maxillofacial surgeons in the Third Reich. It is based on archival sources, most of which have been evaluated for the first time - including the National Socialist Workers' Party membership files in the Federal Archives in Berlin. The examinations yielded five key findings: (1) A total of 187 specialist surgeons were identified; 116 (62%) of these were members of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). (2) More than half of the collective (54%) belonged to the educated or property-owning bourgeoisie due to their father's profession; surgeons of bourgeois origin generally showed barely any less affinity to the NSDAP than those who came from the middle class. (3) Party members were able to further their careers during the Third Reich far more frequently than non-members. (4) The specialist surgeons were deeply divided regarding the question of the forced sterilization of patients with cleft lips and palates. (5) After 1945, the vast majority of NSDAP members did not suffer any career setbacks. It can be concluded that maxillofacial surgeons joined the NSDAP to a greater extent than the medical profession as a whole (ca. 45%). This was partly due to the fact that the Nazis emphasized the important role of maxillofacial surgeons in the care of injured soldiers and civilians. In addition, most maxillofacial surgeons were employed at university hospitals, where party membership was particularly career-enhancing.

A Cohort Analysis on the Career Life Cycles of Players of the LPGA of Japan Tour.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the patterns of professional career paths of the players of the Ladies Professional Golf Association of Japan (JLPGA) Tour. Using the athletes' professional career life cycle model as the theoretical framework, this study will analyze the career development of elite players of the JLPGA from their rookie year to the point of retirement. The year of each JLPGA tournament win by selected players will be examined for the players' entire careers. The players' money ranking for each year of their careers is also analyzed to determine the stages of the players' career life cycles. The tournament win span, i.e., the number of years between a player's first and last JLPGA tournament win, will be computed. The career life cycles of players of different cohorts will be compared to determine whether or not there was any transformation in the structure of career stages of the players over time. The career development patterns of Japanese-born players will be compared with those of the international players of the JLPGA.

Preocupações de professores de Educação Física ao longo da carreira / Physical Education teacher's concerns along the career development / Preocupaciones de profesores de Educación Física al largo de la carrera

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi pontuar as preocupações relacionadas ao exercício da docência dos professores de EF conforme os diferentes ciclos de desenvolvimento profissional. Participaram 20 professores de Educação Física da Educação Básica da cidade de Maringá - PR, sendo a coleta de dados realizada por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada a qual foi avaliada pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que os professores com menor tempo de experiência docente eram mais preocupados consigo, ocorrendo a sua diminuição com o avançar da carreira. Os docentes com maior experiência demonstraram preocupações em relação ao desenvolvimento e ao impacto das tarefas realizadas. Conclui-se que os professores eram mais preocupados com o resultado da sua ação pedagógica e com as tarefas que envolvem a prática docente do que com a sobrevivência no ambiente de trabalho.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyze the concerns of Physical Education teachers according to the professional development cycles. Data collection was carried out through a semi-structured interview with 20 teachers from Maringá (Brazil), which was evaluated by content analysis. The results showed that teachers with less teaching experience were more concerned with the self-dimension and this concern decreases as their career progressed. Teachers with more experience showed concerns about the development and impact of the tasks performed. It was concluded that the teachers were more concerned with the result of their pedagogical action and with the tasks that involve teaching practice than with the survival in the work environment.

RESUMEN El estudio analizó las preocupaciones de docentes de Educación Física según los ciclos de desarrollo profesional. Participaron 20 profesores de Maringá (Brasil), siendo aplicada una entrevista semi estructurada, que fue evaluada por medio del análisis de contenido. Los resultados demostraron que los profesores con menor experiencia docente eran más preocupados consigo mismo, ocurriendo una disminución de esa preocupación con el pasar del tiempo de carrera. Los docentes con mayor experiencia demostraron preocupaciones en relación al desarrollo y al impacto de las tareas realizadas. Se concluye que los profesores eran más preocupados con el resultado de su acción pedagógica y con las tareas relacionadas a la práctica docente que con la sobrevivencia en el ambiente de trabajo.

Conceptual changes for and during working life.

Rapid and radical changes in science, technology and society may result in new scientific concepts and new workplace practices, which require fundamental restructuring of prior knowledge. Over the years a noteworthy body of research has documented the processes of conceptual change, the learning mechanisms involved, and the instructional methods and strategies that can promote conceptual changes. This research, however, focused young learners in school settings. Conceptual changes in working life go beyond traditional conceptual change consisting of processes and mechanisms that involve the interaction between expertise development and workplace learning processes.This Special Issue investigates whether and how conceptual change research can be extended from learning in schools to learning in professional life.

Dr. Gregorio Miguel Delgado García ejemplo de médico, maestro e historiador / Dr. Gregorio Miguel Delgado García: example of doctor, professor and historian

RESUMEN Este trabajo refiere la trayectoria del Dr. Gregorio Miguel Delgado García, investigador incansable que ha dedicado la vida a la Historia de la Medicina, además de su ejemplo de consagración al trabajo y a la Revolución. El acercamiento a su trayectoria investigativa se realizó a través de una revisión documental de su expediente docente, búsqueda de información realizada en la base de datos Scielo, en el Google académico y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud sobre sus trabajos realizados y una entrevista efectuada por los autores, con la que se logró que narrara los momentos más importantes de una larga trayectoria llena de logros y vivencias inolvidables. Es por eso que el objetivo es divulgar los principales aspectos de la trayectoria profesional, docente y científica del historiador Dr. Gregorio Miguel Delgado García como reconocimiento a la obra de toda la vida.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the professional career of Dr. Gregorio Miguel Delgado García, a tireless researcher who has devoted all his life to the history of Medicine and whose dedication to work and the Revolution has been admirable. The approach to his research path was carried out through a document review of his teaching records, a search carried out in SciELO and Google Scholar databases, a review of all his works carried out in the Health Virtual Library and an interview made by the authors in which he recounted the most significant moments of his lifelong career that has been full of achievements and unforgettable memories. Therefore, this work aimed at spreading the main aspects of the professional, teaching and scientific career of the historian Dr. Gregorio Miguel Delgado García as a recognition of his lifetime work.

Relações e condições de trabalho dos professores paulistas (1995-2018) / Relaciones y condiciones de trabajo de los profesores paulistas (1995-2018) / Relations et conditions de travail des enseignants de são paulo (1995-2018) / Working relations and conditions of paulista teachers (1995-2018)

Resumo Neste artigo são analisadas as relações e condições de trabalho do professor da rede estadual paulista, destacando-se as formas de admissão, a progressão na carreira, o vencimento básico e a jornada de trabalho durante o período de 1995 a 2018. O artigo apresenta uma síntese dos dados obtidos por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, estudo documental com base na legislação nacional e estadual e análise de dados estatísticos. Conclui-se que o período analisado foi caracterizado por uma política de desvalorização do trabalho docente expresso no grande número de professores contratados em caráter temporário, nos frágeis critérios de movimentação na carreira, no vencimento base abaixo do piso salarial e no descumprimento stricto sensu da composição da jornada expressa na Lei do Piso.

Resumen En este artículo son analizadas las relaciones y condiciones de trabajo del profesor de la red estadual paulista, destacándose las formas de admisión, la progresión en la carrera, el vencimiento básico y la jornada de trabajo durante el periodo de 1995 a 2018. El artículo presenta una síntesis de los datos obtenidos por medio de una investigación bibliográfica, estudio documental con base en la legislación nacional, estadual y análisis de datos estadísticos. Se concluye que el periodo analizado fue caracterizado por una política de desvalorización del trabajo docente expreso en el gran número de profesores contratados en carácter temporal, en los frágiles criterios de movilidad en la carrera, en el vencimiento base debajo del piso salarial y en el incumplimiento stricto sensu de la composición de la jornada expresa en la Ley del Piso.

Résumé Cet article analyse les relations et les conditions de travail des enseignants dans le réseau publique de l'État de São Paulo, en particulier les modalités d'admission et de progression dans la carrière, le salaire de base et la durée de la journée de travail, pour la période 1995 à 2018. L'article présente une synthèse des données obtenues à partir de recherches bibliographiques, d'études documentaires basées sur la législation nationale et de l'état de São Paulo et d'une analyse des données statistiques. En conclusion, la période se caractérise par une politique de dévalorisation du travail enseignant, manifeste par le grand nombred'embauches temporaires, par la fragilité des critères d'avancement professionnel, par le salaire de base qui reste inférieur au minimum et par le non-respect stricto sensu de la réglementation de la journée de travail établie par la Lei do Piso, censée garantir les conditions de travail et l'application du salaire minimum national pour les enseignants.

Abstract In this article, working relations and conditions of the teacher from the São Paulo state school system are analyzed, highlighting the forms of admission, career progression, base salary and working hours during the period from 1995 to 2018. The article presents a synthesis of data obtained through bibliographic research, documentary study based on national and state legislation and analysis of statistical data. It is concluded that the analyzed period was characterized by a policy of devaluation of the teaching work expressed in the large number of teachers hired on a temporary basis, in the fragile criteria of movement in the career, in the base salary below the base level of pay and in the strict noncompliance with the working hours composition expressed in the law (Lei do Piso).

Social media in sport management education: Introducing LinkedIn.

Social media provide innovative teaching and learning pedagogical frameworks that change means of communication within academic institutions and enable students to develop digital skills that are helpful for a successful professional career. LinkedIn, a social media tool that focuses on professional networking and career development, has become the most popular professional social network, used by all stakeholders of the sport industry, and can therefore be used by students to stay in touch with experts and the latest trends in the sports industry. The purpose of this article is to define the main features and functionalities of LinkedIn from a sport management perspective and share guidelines to embrace and introduce it effectively into sport management courses.

¿Tienes lo que hay que tener?: un análisis de los factores asociados con la intención de optar por una carrera en cirugía entre estudiantes de medicina / Do you have what it takes? An analysis of the factors associated with the intention to choose a surgical career among medical undergraduates

Resumen Introducción Los cambios en la práctica profesional han transformado la intención de los estudiantes de medicina de optar por una carrera en cirugía. Objetivo Evaluar los factores asociados con esta intención en un contexto de acelerada dinámica educativa y sanitaria. Materiales y Método Evaluamos la intención de los estudiantes de diez facultades de medicina en Colombia, y los factores asociados, mediante un cuestionario (escala de Likert) desarrollado a partir de la revisión de la literatura. Identificamos la asociación entre los factores y la intención mediante un análisis de regresión lineal. Los resultados de la regresión se presentan mediante coeficientes β (p < 0,05). Resultados Un total de 252 estudiantes (65,87% mujeres) fueron incluidos en el análisis. El promedio de la intención fue 3,15 ± 1,34 (1-5). Los factores significativamente asociados fueron: identificación con el estilo de vida quirúrgico (β = 0,25); identificación con modelos (β = 0,18); atributos personales (β = 0,25) e identificación con la práctica profesional del cirujano (β = 0,16). No encontramos asociación significativa con el género (mujeres en la especialidad), prestigio, dinámica del posgrado ni recompensa futura. Conclusión Existe una intención moderada de elegir una carrera de cirugía entre estudiantes de medicina colombianos. Optar por esta carrera requiere atributos personales, modelos e identificación con el estilo de vida y práctica profesional del cirujano. Se requieren estudios cualitativos que exploren en profundidad estos resultados e intervenciones focalizadas a estimular esta intención entre los estudiantes.

Introduction The changes in the professional practice have transformed the intention of medical students to choose a surgical career. Aim Evaluate the factors associated with this intention in a context of accelerated educational and health dynamics. Materials and Method We evaluated the intention of the students of ten medical schools in Colombia, and the associated factors, through a questionnaire (Likert scale) settled from a literature review. We identify the association between the factors and the intention by using linear regression analysis. The results of the regression are presented by β coefficients (p < 0.05). Results A total of 252 students (65.87% women) were included in the analysis. The average of the intention was 3.15 ± 1.34 (1-5). The factors significantly associated were: identification with the surgical lifestyle (β = 0.25); identification with models (β = 0.18); personal attributes (β = 0.25) and identification with the professional practice of the surgeon (β = 0.16). We did not find significant associations with gender (women in the specialty), prestige, postgraduate dynamics and future rewards. Conclusion There is a moderate intention to choose a career in surgery among Colombian medical undergraduates. Choosing this career requires personal attributes, models and identification with the lifestyle and professional practice of the surgeon. Further qualitative studies are necessary to explore these results in depth, as well as interventions to stimulate this intention among students.

Mulheres talentosas no brasil: trajetórias e desafios profissionais na sociedade contemporânea / Mujeres talentosas en brasil: trayectorias y desafios profesionales em la sociedad / Talented women in brazil: trajectories and career challenges in contemporary society

RESUMO. Este estudo investigou a trajetória de mulheres talentosas de acordo com o Mega-Modelo de Desenvolvimento de Talentos, concebido por Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius e Worrell (2011), analisando a relação existente entre as dimensões individuais, contextuais e interpessoais no seu percurso profissional. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com mulheres eminentes em cinco áreas de atuação: educação, comunicação, recursos humanos, publicidade e literatura brasileira. Os resultados foram analisados conforme a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Verificou-se que independente da área em que atuam e de diferenças encontradas em relação à idade, formação educacional e estrutura familiar, fatores como resistência a estereótipos de gênero, trabalho como fonte de transformação social, presença de mentores, suporte emocional da família, oportunidades, otimismo e resiliência foram decisivos para a expressão e desenvolvimento de seus potenciais. Esses fatores foram classificados como facilitadores e variáveis de proteção frente às adversidades encontradas. Compreender o talento feminino envolve considerar a inter-relação das dimensões psicológicas, sociais e culturais.

RESUMEN. En este estudio se investigó la trayectoria de mujeres talentosas de acuerdo con el Mega-Modelo de Desarrollo de Talentos concebido por Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius y Worrell (2011), analizando la relación existente entre las dimensiones individuales, contextuales e interpersonales en su recorrido profesional. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas con mujeres eminentes en cinco áreas de actuación: educación, comunicación, recursos humanos, publicidad, y literatura brasileña. Los resultados fueron analizados conforme a la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Se verificó que independientemente del área en que actúan y de diferencias encontradas en relación a la edad, formación educativa y estructura familiar, factores como resistencia a estereotipos de género, trabajo como fuente de transformación social, presencia de mentores, apoyo familiar emocional, oportunidades, optimismo y resiliencia fueron decisivos para la expresión y el desarrollo de sus potenciales. Estos factores se clasificaron como facilitadores y variables de protección frente a las adversidades encontradas. Comprender el talento femenino implica considerar la interrelación de las dimensiones psicológicas, sociales y culturales.

ABSTRACT. This study investigated the trajectory of talented women according to the Mega-Model of Talent Development conceived by Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius and Worrell (2011), analyzing the relationship between individual, contextual and interpersonal dimensions in their professional career. Five interviews were conducted with eminent women in five areas: education, communication, human resources, advertising, and Brazilian literature. The results were analyzed according to the Grounded Theory. Regardless of the area where they work and the differences found in relation to age, educational background and family structure, factors such as resistance to gender stereotypes, work as a source of social transformation, presence of mentors, emotional family support, opportunities, optimism and resilience were decisive for the expression and development of their potentials. These factors were classified as facilitators and protection variables against the adversities faced in life. Understanding female talent involves considering the interrelationship of psychological, social, and cultural dimensions.

Educação e ascensão social: produção de sentidos nos discursos de egressos de um programa social da iniciativa privada / Education and social ascension: production of meanings in the discourses of graduates from a social program sponsored by private companies / La educación y la ascensión social: la producción de significados en los discursos de los egresados de un programa de iniciativa privada

Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar as relações que se produzem entre educação e ascensão social no discurso de egressos de um programa, sobre suas trajetórias acadêmico-profissional e experiência neste. Esses egressos fizeram parte de um programa social da iniciativa privada, realizado numa capital da região Sul do País, cujo público consistia em estudantes de escolas públicas, de baixa renda e com bom desempenho acadêmico. A investigação foi feita com o método da análise institucional do discurso e se deu em duas etapas: quantitativa, por meio de questionário sobre informações educacionais e profissionais; e qualitativa, com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com parte desse público. Como resultados principais, verificou-se, mediante índices como escolaridade, inserção profissional e ampliação do acesso a recursos, a ascensão socioeconômica dos participantes. Concluiu-se que as transformações decorrentes das oportunidades educacionais atingiram mais o âmbito individual e familiar dos egressos, encontrando, porém, desafios para a transformação social.

This research aimed to see the relations produced in the interconnection of education and social ascension in the discourse of former participants of a program about their academic and professional careers, as well as their experience in it. They were participants of a social program funded by the private sector, held in a state capital in the southern part of the country. They were low-income students from public schools with good academic performance. The investigation followed the Institutional Discourse Analysis method and took place in two steps: quantitative, through a questionnaire about educational and professional information; and qualitative, with the completion of semi-structured interviews with part of that public. Within the main results, based on indices such as education, employability and increasing access to resources, there was the participants’ socioeconomic improvement. As a conclusion, it was detected that changes based on the educational opportunities reached more individual and family context of the out-coming participants although meeting challenges for social transformation.

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo verificar las relaciones que se producen entre educación y ascensión social en los discursos de los egresados de un programa acerca de sus trayectorias académica y profesional, y también sus experiencias en referencia al mismo. Esos egresados hicieron parte de un programa social de iniciativa privada, realizado en una capital de la región sur del país, cuyo el público consistía en estudiantes de bajos recursos y con excelente rendimiento académico. La investigación utilizó la metodología del “Análisis del Discurso Institucional” y ocurrió en dos etapas: cuantitativa, suministrando a los participantes cuestionarios auto respondidos referidos a su educación y profesión; y cualitativa, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con algunos alumnos. Como principales resultados, se verificó el aumento socioeconómico de los participantes a través de índices como: educación, inserción laboral y crecimiento de acceso a recursos. Se concluyó que las transformaciones resultantes de oportunidades de educación tuvieron éxito en contexto individual y familiar de los egresados, pero enfrentan desafíos para la transformación social.

What do nursing students contribute to clinical practice? The perceptions of working nurses.

PURPOSE: The study purpose was to elicit factors that caused satisfaction and dissatisfaction for staff registered nurses (RNs) who participated in two types of nurse student interactions: clinical rotation role-model and student preceptorship. BACKGROUND: The limited availability of practice sites for clinical experiences places essential importance on the need to understand RNs' perceptions of students' effect on their practice. METHODS: This cross sectional descriptive study surveyed RNs who worked at six acute care hospitals in two multi-hospital not-for-profit community healthcare systems in southeastern United States, using the Nursing Students' Contributions to Clinical Agencies (NSCCA) survey via SurveyMonkey®. RESULTS: Registered nurses had positive perceptions of students' contributions in clinical rotations and student preceptorships, specifically, enhancement of the nurses' professional development was a satisfier for participants. Nurses who were student preceptors and nurses with less than ten years of experience had the most positive perceptions. Nurses in the peri-natal setting had the least positive perceptions of students' contributions. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from the NSCCA survey can reveal satisfiers and dis-satisfiers for RNs participating in nurse-student interactions, which academic and clinical practice nurse leaders can use to enhance the RNs' experiences. Results were used to create a series RN student preceptor training classes, which incorporated educational content that highlighted satisfiers and remediated dis-satisfiers.

Stages and demands in the careers of Canadian National Hockey League players.

Researchers have identified some demands of Canadian National Hockey League (NHL) players, yet there is little direction for players hoping to reach the lucrative league. The objectives of this study were to identify the stages, statuses and demands in Canadian NHL players' careers and propose an empirical career model of Canadian NHL players. In total, 5 rookies, 5 veterans and 13 retirees had their interviews undergo an interpretive thematic analysis. Prospects face the NHL combine, training camp and minor league assignment. While developing into NHL players, rookies deal with NHL call-ups, team competition and formative production while sophomores seemed preoccupied by the opposition. Prime veterans become All-Stars by garnering point production and challenging for the Stanley Cup while seasoned veterans remain relevant through training camps. A discussion about the model's viability is followed by applications for sport psychology researchers and practitioners.

[Differences in practice among physicians staffing an emergency department in relation to years of experience]. / Evolución de la actividad asistencial de una plantilla estable de médicos adjuntos de urgencias a lo largo del tiempo.

OBJECTIVES: To determine differences in certain variables reflecting clinical practice in a group of emergency physicians with varying levels of experience and to explore whether differences are associated with experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of differences in variables reflecting emergency physicians' practice between 2005 and 2012. We studied work variables (months worked, patients treated, caseload distribution according to triage levels), patient management variables (consultation with other specialists, admissions, ambulance requests), diagnostic procedures ordered (simple radiographs, laboratory tests, ultrasound or computed tomography imaging), and time patients discharged home spent in the department (arrival to discharge). We explored relationships between these variables and the emergency physician's experience using linear regression analysis, followed by the construction of multivariable models to adjust for physician characteristics. RESULTS: Data for 50 emergency medicine physicians, in 291 years of work, were analyzed. The specialists' experience ranged from 1 to 22 years (mean [SD], 9.5 [5.8] years). They attended between 47 and 158 patients monthly (mean, 86 [19] patients). The physicians' experience was inversely and independently related to the mean number of patients attended monthly and the percentage of patients assigned a triage level of 1 or 2. Experience was directly and independently related to discharged patients' time spent in the emergency department and number of simple radiographs ordered. All associations were small (R2<0.010), however. Those variables continued to show statistically significant associations after increasingly complex modeling to adjust for the following physician variables: physician, age, sex, specialty, residency training in the same hospital). CONCLUSION: The practice of emergency physicians with more accumulated experience shows slight but significant differences from the practice of less experienced physicians.

OBJETIVO: Conocer la evolución de diferentes aspectos asistenciales en un grupo de urgenciólogos con grados de experiencia diversa y comprobar si su experiencia modifica alguna actitud asistencial. METODO: Estudio retrospectivo observacional con seguimiento longitudinal que analiza la actividad anual de los urgenciólogos de un hospital universitario entre 2005 y 2012 en términos de actividad asistencial (meses trabajados, pacientes atendidos, y distribución según su grado de prioridad en el triaje), manejo de los pacientes (interconsultas a otros especialistas hospitalarios, ingresos, ambulancias solicitadas), exploraciones realizadas (radiología simple, analítica, ecografía, tomografía computarizada) y tiempo asistencial (tiempo de estancia de los pacientes dados de alta), y se relacionó esta actividad anual con la experiencia del urgenciólogo mediante regresión lineal. Los resultados significativos se ajustaron por las características de los urgenciólogos. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 50 urgenciólogos y 291 periodos anuales. Su experiencia osciló entre 1 y 22 años (media 9,5; DE: 5,8) y su actividad mensual entre 47 y 157 pacientes atendidos (media: 86; DE: 19). La experiencia del urgenciólogo se relacionó de forma inversa e independiente con el promedio total de pacientes mensuales atendidos y la proporción de estos con prioridad de triaje 1-2, y de forma directa e independiente con el tiempo de estancia en urgencias en los pacientes dados de alta y las solicitudes de radiología simple, si bien todas estas relaciones fueron tenues (R2 siempre inferiores a 0,010). Estas relaciones mantuvieron la significación estadística tras el ajuste realizado con modelos de complejidad creciente, que incluyeron las variables del urgenciólogo edad, sexo, especialidad y formación previa como médico interno residente (MIR) en el propio hospital. CONCLUSIONES: Existen cambios discretos pero significativos en la actividad asistencial de los urgenciólogos en función de la experiencia acumulada.