The false promise of firearms examination validation studies: Lay controls, simplistic comparisons, and the failure to soundly measure misidentification rates.

Several studies have recently attempted to estimate practitioner accuracy when comparing fired ammunition. But whether this research has included sufficiently challenging comparisons dependent upon expertise for accurate conclusions regarding source remains largely unexplored in the literature. Control groups of lay people comprise one means of vetting this question, of assessing whether comparison samples were at least challenging enough to distinguish between experts and novices. This article therefore utilizes such a group, specifically 82 attorneys, as a post hoc control and juxtaposes their performance on a comparison set of cartridge case images from one commonly cited study (Duez et al. in J Forensic Sci. 2018;63:1069-1084) with that of the original participant pool of professionals. Despite lacking the kind of formalized training and experience common to the latter, our lay participants displayed an ability, generally, to distinguish between cartridge cases fired by the same versus different guns in the 327 comparisons they performed. And while their accuracy rates lagged substantially behind those of the original participant pool of professionals on same-source comparisons, their performance on different-source comparisons was essentially indistinguishable from that of trained examiners. This indicates that although the study we vetted may provide useful information about professional accuracy when performing same-source comparisons, it has little to offer in terms of measuring examiners' ability to distinguish between cartridge cases fired by different guns. If similar issues pervade other accuracy studies, then there is little reason to rely on the false-positive rates they have generated.

The effectiveness of communication skills training on professional performance and quality of work life of pre-hospital emergency medical staff: An experimental study in Iran.

AIM: Communication skills are one of the components that influence the performance of pre-hospital emergency staff who provide services to patients. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on the professional performance and quality of work life of pre-hospital emergency staff. METHODS: This experimental study with pretest-posttest design was conducted on 150 pre-hospital emergency staff in Iran from March 2022 to May 2023. The participants were randomly assigned into two control (n = 75) and experimental (n = 75) groups. The intervention included 4 sessions (3 h each) of communication skills training, weekly. The data gathering scales were Stamm's quality of work life questionnaire and Patterson's job performance questionnaire, which were used at start point, 4 and 8 weeks after that. RESULTS: The mean score professional performance in experimental group increased significantly to 42.4 ± 0.70 in the second stage and to 44.5 ± 0.55 in the third stage (P < 0.05). The mean score of the quality of work life was also 96.9 ± 0.9 and 99.8 ± 0.9 in the 4th and 8th weeks after the intervention, which was significantly more than control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the communication skills training improves professional performance and increases the quality of work life of pre-hospital emergency staff.

Predictive Role of Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Police Officers' Work Assessment.

Police officers (POs) frequently encounter high stress and burnout risks in their demanding professional environment. This study delves into the relationship between physical activity (PA), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and job performance among POs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1175 POs, with 691 providing complete responses. The survey included questions on biosocial and professional characteristics; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form; the Short Form Health Survey version 2.0; and a qualitative job performance evaluation. The key findings highlight that vigorous PA significantly enhances job performance. About 46.2% of POs engage in vigorous PA, with a notable 73.7% participating in some form of PA weekly. This study also found that age and gender considerably impact the HRQoL, especially in mental health aspects like vitality and social functioning. Vigorous PA is linked to higher job performance ratings, especially when practised consistently. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of vigorous PA in improving job performance among POs. We suggest that institutions prioritise facilitating environments that encourage regular PA, recognising its substantial benefits in both professional effectiveness and the overall health of POs. This study contributes to understanding the critical role of physical fitness in enhancing the occupational well-being of law enforcement personnel.

Los tecnólogos en Optometría y Óptica y su desempeño profesional

Introducción: Esta investigación se articula en el modelo de educación superior y el modelo sanitario que se aplica en Cuba, acorde con las necesidades cada vez más crecientes del hombre en relación directa con su entorno socioeconómico, cultural, científico-tecnológico y ecológico. Objetivo: Valorar el estado actual del desempeño profesional de los tecnólogos en Optometría y Óptica de La Habana. Materiales y métodos: La investigación es cuantitativa, no experimental, observacional y prospectiva. Se trabajó con 200 tecnólogos en Optometría y Óptica, que constituyen el 100 % de la población. Para el desarrollo se identificaron cuatro dimensiones, entre las que se encuentran la aplicación de los procederes tecnológicos ópticos y optométricos; producción intelectual: se establece la actuación manifestada en la expresión de conocimientos y habilidades actualizados; comportamiento ético: se entiende por la actuación manifestada en la expresión de habilidades comunicativas y valores; y crecimiento profesional, referido a la actuación manifestada en la expresión de habilidades investigativas. Resultados: El 100 % aborda las funciones en la asistencia, y solo el 10 % declara tener tiempo para investigar; 25 % de ellos han participado en algún curso, el 12 % en diplomado, y solo cuatro poseen maestría; 25 % establece tener dominio en la manipulación de los equipos; entre el 10 y el 20 % no presentan problemas. Conclusiones: Se identificaron insuficiencias en las dimensiones que se establecieron relacionadas con la superación y la aplicación de los procederes tecnológicos.

Introduction: This research is articulated in the higher education model and the health model that is applied in Cuba, in accordance with the increasingly growing needs of man in direct relation with his socioeconomic, cultural, scientific, technological and ecological environment. Objective: To assess the current status of the professional performance of technologists in Optometry and Optics of Havana. Materials and methods: The research is quantitative, not experimental, observational and prospective. The authors worked with 200 technologists in Optometry and Optics, who were 100% of the population. Four dimensions were identified for the development, among which are the application of optical technological procedures and optometric; intellectual production: the performance manifested in the expression of updated knowledge and skills is established; ethical behaviour means the action expressed in the expression of communicative skills and values; and professional growth, referring to the performance manifested in the expression of investigative skills. Results: 100% address the functions in assistance and only 10% declare they have time to research[ 25% of them have participated in some course, 12% in a diploma and only four have a master's degree; 25% state that they have mastery in handling the equipment, between 10% and 20% do not present problems. Conclusions: Insufficiencies were identified in the dimensions that were established related to improvement and the application of technological procedures.

Reflexos do pagamento por desempenho na atuação do(a)s profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde, Paraíba, Brasil / Effects of pay-for-performance on the work of primary health care professionals in the state of Paraíba, Brazil / Reflejos del pago por desempeño en la actuación de los y las profesionales de la atención primaria de la salud, Paraíba, Brasil

O estudo buscou compreender a influência da estratégia do Pay for Performance (P4P), por meio do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), na atuação do(a)s trabalhadore(a)s. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo realizado com o(a)s trabalhadore(a)s das Estratégias de Saúde da Família. A análise foi realizada mediante a técnica de construção de narrativas. Constatou-se que o P4P contribuiu para qualificação do processo de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que estimulou competição e conflito entre as equipes, aflorando sentimentos de culpa e injustiça e, devido à precarização do trabalho, o estímulo financeiro se descaracteriza, tornando-se complemento salarial. Problemas macroestruturais afetam as condições de trabalho e a motivação do(a)s trabalhadore(a)s, de modo que modelos de incentivo financeiro, isoladamente, não são suficientes para reverter tal cenário.

This study sought to understand the influence of pay-for-performance (P4P) on worker performance using data from the National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB). We conducted a qualitative case study with professionals working in family health strategy teams. The data were analyzed using the narrative construction technique. The findings show that P4P contributed to the improvement of work processes, while at the same time stimulating competition and conflict between the teams, causing feelings of guilt and injustice. However, the original purpose of the financial incentive is defeated due to poor working terms and conditions, becoming akin to a salary supplement. Macrostructural problems affect working conditions and worker motivation, showing that financial incentive models alone are not sufficient to reverse this situation.

El estudio buscó comprender la influencia de la estrategia Pay for Performance (P4P), por medio del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (Pmaq-AB), en la actuación de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras. Se trata de un estudio de caso, cualitativo, realizado con los trabajadores y las trabajadoras de las Estrategias de Salud de la Familia. El análisis se realizó mediante la construcción de narrativas. Se constató que el P4P contribuyó para la calificación del proceso de trabajo, al mismo tiempo que incentivó competencia y conflicto entre los equipos, haciendo aflorar los sentimientos de culpa e injusticia y, debido a la precarización del trabajo, el incentivo financiero se descaracteriza pasando a ser complemento salarial. Problemas macroestructurales afectan las condiciones de trabajo y la motivación de los trabajadores y de las trabajadoras, de modo que los modelos de incentivo económico, aisladamente, no son suficientes para revertir ese escenario.

Percepções de profissionais da psicologia sobre sua atuação no sistema socioeducativo / Perceptions of psychology professionals about their performance in the socioeducational system

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender quais eram as percepções das(os) profissionais da Psicologia que trabalham no Sistema Socioeducativo sobre a sua atuação dentro dos Centros de Atendimentos Socioeducativos (CASEs) do Complexo Pomeri em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Foram entrevistadas 14 pessoas que atuavam como profissionais da área de Psicologia no Sistema Socioeducativo, os dados foram organizados/analisados utilizando os critérios da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Foram identificadas diversas percepções sobre a atuação das(os) profissionais da Psicologia neste contexto de trabalho dos CASEs, evidenciando o que pensam, sentem e imaginam as pessoas entrevistadas. Como principais resultados, identificamos percepções que denunciaram as mazelas do Sistema Socioeducativo (explicitando as faces mais tristes da privação de liberdade de adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa), bem como percepções que evidenciam o compromisso ético das(os) profissionais da Psicologia que atuam nos CASEs. Ficou evidente que, apesar das dificuldades, é possível desenvolver uma prática profissional da Psicologia no contexto da socioeducação, trabalhando em prol dos direitos dos adolescentes e da construção de uma práxis psicológica qualificadamente socioeducativa.

The objective of the study was to understand the perceptions psychologists working in the Socioeducational System about their performance in the Socio-educational Service Centers (CASEs) of the Pomeri Complex in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Fourteen people who worked as professionals in the field of Psychology in the Socio-educational System were interviewed, and the data were organized/analyzed using the criteria of Bardin's Content Analysis. Different perceptions were identified about the role of psychology professionals in this context of the work of the CASEs, showing what the interviews think, feel, and imagine. The main results, we identified perceptions denouncing the abuses of the Socio-educational System (explaining the saddest faces of the deprivation of liberty of adolescents in compliance with socio-educational measures), as well as perceptions that evidence the ethical commitment of Psychology professionals who work in CASEs. It was evident that, despite the difficulties, it is possible to develop a professional practice of Psychology in the context of socio-education, working toward the rights of adolescents and the construction of a qualified socio-educational psychological praxis.

Associations between workplace emotional intelligence and micro expression recognition.

We investigated relationships between emotional intelligence, micro expression recognition and professional performance in two pre-registered cross-sectional studies. Study 1 (N = 86) explored the relationship between micro expression recognition, emotional intelligence and self-reported subjective professional performance and interpersonal skills in an online sample. Study 2 (N = 125) also utilized an online study to determine if there are differences in micro expression recognition and emotional intelligence between two employment sectors proposed to involve differing levels of 'emotional labor', namely software development and retail. Results of Study 1 showed a positive association between emotional intelligence and micro expression recognition. There were no associations of micro expression recognition with interpersonal skills or professional performance. Study 2 replicated the association between emotional intelligence and micro expression recognition, but provided no evidence for differences in emotional intelligence between retail and software development workers. Retail workers showed marginally higher scores on micro expression recognition. There was also no association of micro expression recognition with self-estimated professional performance, regardless of the participants' profession. The findings indicate that micro expression recognition may be closely related to emotional intelligence, but that it may also have a separate component, which may differ across different professions.

Propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología / A proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists

Introducción: La formación con calidad del capital humano en el sector salud constituye un reto para la educación médica cubana contemporánea. La formación académica, en particular la especialidad, tiene el cometido de formar un profesional con alta competencia y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño especializado, solidez de los principios ético-morales y elevada calificación científico-técnica, por lo que el desarrollo de competencias profesionales resulta una prioridad para la formación de los especialistas biomédicos. Objetivo: Elaborar una propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, de investigación aplicativa, bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos y legales de las leyes de la educación, y de la educación médica en particular. Asimismo, se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Resultados: Se elaboró una definición operativa de competencias profesionales específicas en gastroenterología, a partir del estudio del sistema de competencias y de la sistematización de los documentos rectores en dicha formación. También se identificaron y definieron las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección, que posibilitaron la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Conclusiones: La formación basada en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales específicas constituye una prioridad para la educación médica y la salud pública cubana contemporánea, en aras de elevar la calidad del proceso formativo en la especialidad de gastroenterología y la atención médica que brindan estos galenos en los niveles de atención en salud(AU)

Introduction: The quality training of human capital in the health sector is a challenge for contemporary Cuban medical education. Academic training, particularly the residence, has the task of training a professional with high competence and advanced capabilities for specialized performance, solid ethical-moral principles and high scientific-technical qualification; therefore, the development of professional competences is a priority for the training of biomedical specialists. Objective: To elaborate a proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists. Methods: An educational study of applicative research was carried out under the general dialectical-materialistic approach and based on philosophical, psychological and legal theories and approaches of the laws of education and, particularly, of medical education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were also used. Results: An operational definition of specific professional competences in gastroenterology was elaborated, based on the study of the system of competences and the systematization of the guiding documents for such training. Specific professional competences were also identified and defined in the care, teaching, research and management areas, which allowed to improve the professional performance of future specialists. Conclusions: Training based on the development of specific professional competences is a priority for contemporary Cuban public health and medical education, in view of raising the quality of the training process in the specialty of gastroenterology and the medical care provided by these physicians at the levels of healthcare(AU)

Fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura na atenção primária / Factores que influyen en la práctica del enfermero en la consulta de puericultura en la atención primaria / Factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultation in primary care

Objetivo: analisar os fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura na Atenção Primária. Método: estudo transversal com 31 enfermeiros da Saúde da Família de município do Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se checklist com dimensões do cuidado implementadas na puericultura. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: as consultas realizadas por enfermeiros com tempo de conclusão da graduação e tempo de atuação de até dez anos apresentaram um cuidado voltado para as dimensões acolhimento, anamnese e avaliação da situação vacinal e suplementações. Enquanto aqueles com tempo superior a dez anos priorizaram a avaliação do crescimento e os registros no prontuário e na Caderneta da Criança. Houve associação significativa entre o sexo feminino e ter especialização com o desempenho dos profissionais. Conclusão: os fatores que influenciam a prática dos enfermeiros na puericultura acarretam importantes diferenças assistenciais, podendo comprometer a integralidade do cuidado à criança.

Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en la práctica del enfermero en la consulta de puericultura en la Atención Primaria. Método: estudio transversal con 31 enfermeros de la Salud de la Familia de municipio del Nordeste de Brasil, utilizándose checklist con dimensiones del cuidado implementadas en el puericultura. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: las consultas realizadas por enfermeros con tiempo de conclusión de la graduación y tiempo de actuación de hasta diez años presentaron un cuidado volcado para las dimensiones acogida, anamnesis y evaluación de la situación vacunal y suplementaciones. Mientras que aquellos con tiempo superior a diez años priorizaron la evaluación del crecimiento y los registros en el prontuario y en la Libreta del Niño. Hubo asociación significativa entre el sexo femenino y tener especialización con el desempeño de los profesionales. Conclusión: los factores que influyen en la práctica de los enfermeros en el puericultura acarrean importantes diferencias asistenciales, pudiendo comprometer la integralidad del cuidado al niño.

Objective to analyze the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultation in Primary Care. Method: cross-sectional study with 31 Family Health nurses from a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil, using a checklist with care dimensions implemented in childcare. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: the consultations performed by nurses with graduation completion time and working time of up to ten years presented a care focused on the dimensions of embracement, anamnesis and evaluation of the vaccination status and supplementation. While those with more than ten years prioritized the evaluation of growth and records in the medical record and in the Child's Handbook. There was a significant association between female gender and specialization with the performance of professionals. Conclusion: the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare cause important differences in care, and may compromise the completeness of child care.

Formação em psicologia escolar: implicações para a prática em equipe multiprofissional / The school psychology formation: implications for the practice in multidisciplinary team / Formación en psicología escolar: implicaciones para la práctica en equipo multiprofesional

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo de psicólogos escolares, e discutir seu impacto nas práticas junto ao coletivo escolar e no trabalho em equipe. No município onde ocorreu a pesquisa, o psicólogo escolar é membro da equipe de especialistas em Educação. Participaram da pesquisa 62 psicólogos que atuam no Ensino Fundamental I, II, e na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Os participantes responderam um questionário on-line com perguntas abertas e fechadas sobre dados sociodemográficos, de formação e atuação profissional. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa a partir dos objetivos e itens do instrumento, quais sejam: caracterização do perfil sociodemográfico dos psicólogos escolares, formação acadêmica, atuação em psicologia escolar, atuação em outros campos/áreas da psicologia, e atuação em equipe de especialistas. A média de idade dos profissionais é de 47,46 anos, e apenas um é do sexo masculino. Possuem tempo de atuação de um a 36 anos, e a maioria não possui estágio supervisionado e pós-graduações no campo da psicologia escolar. Parte das equipes que trabalham nas escolas está incompleta, e há uma variabilidade nos dias e horários de reuniões. Reafirma-se que a formação de psicólogos escolares tem repercussões na atuação junto à equipe multidisciplinar, e a importância de intervenções pautadas na perspectiva crítica e psicossocial em Psicologia Escolar. Ademais, conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo destes profissionais possibilita obter um quadro atualizado sobre o grupo pesquisado e criar estratégias de intervenção que potencializem a atuação desses profissionais junto à equipe de especialistas e demais setores da escola.(AU)

The aim of this research is to identify the sociodemographic and training profile of school psychologists, and discuss their impact on practices within the school collective and the teamwork. In the city where the research took place, the school psychologist is a member of the council's expert team in Education. The research participants included 62 psychologists that work in elementary and intermediate school, and EJA. They answered an open and multiple choice online survey on sociodemographic, formation, and working data. A qualitative analysis was conducted considering its objectives and items, namely: sociodemographic profile, academic education, professional background on school psychology, other psychology fields/ areas, and participation on expert teams. The professionals are 47 and 46 years old, average, only one of them being male. They work in this position from one up to 36 years, and most of them do not have training experience and postgraduate studies in school psychology. Part of the teams working at schools are incomplete, and there is a variability concerning days and hours to team meetings. It is notable that the training profile of psychologists has repercussions in the performance with the multidisciplinary team, and in the importance of interventions based on critical and psychosocial perspectives in School Psychology. Moreover, knowing the sociodemographic and training profile of these professionals allowed us to have an updated chart about the researched group, as well as to create intervention strategies that enhance these professionals' performance within the expert team and other sectors of the school.(AU)

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo levantar el perfil sociodemográfico y formativo de psicólogos escolares para discutir su impacto en las prácticas junto al colectivo escolar y al trabajo en equipo. En el municipio donde ocurrió la investigación, este profesional es miembro del equipo municipal de especialistas en Educación. Participaron 62 psicólogos que actúan en la educación primaria, secundaria y en la educación para jóvenes y adultos (EJA), y que respondieron a un cuestionario en línea con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple sobre datos sociodemográficos, de formación y de actuación profesional. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo según sus objetivos e ítems, o sea: perfil sociodemográfico, formación académica, actuación en Psicología Escolar, en otros campos/áreas de la Psicología o en equipo de especialistas. La edad mediana de los profesionales es de 46-47 años, y solo uno es del sexo masculino. El tiempo de actuación en el área varía entre 1 y 36 años, y la mayoría de los encuestados no tiene formación inicial y posgrado en el campo de la Psicología Escolar. Parte de los equipos que trabajan en las escuelas está incompleta, y existe una variabilidad en los días y horarios de reuniones. Se observó que la formación de los psicólogos escolares tiene repercusiones en la actuación con el equipo multidisciplinario y en la importancia de intervenciones basadas en la perspectiva crítica y psicosocial en Psicología Escolar. Además, conocer su perfil sociodemográfico y formativo posibilita obtener un cuadro actualizado sobre el grupo investigado, además de crear estrategias de intervención que potencialicen la actuación junto al equipo de especialistas y a los demás sectores de la escuela.(AU)

A expressão da subjetividade na atuação em psicologia escolar / The expression of subjectivity in the school psychologist's performance / La expresión de la subjetividad en el desempeño en psicología escolar

Este artigo objetiva analisar como a constituição subjetiva do psicólogo se expressa em sua atuação no contexto escolar. A Teoria da Subjetividade, numa perspectiva cultural-histórica, e os princípios da Epistemologia Qualitativa foram utilizados no processo de construção interpretativa das informações. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada com uma psicóloga escolar em uma escola da rede pública de ensino de uma cidade de grande porte da região Centro-Oeste do país. Foram utilizados sistemas conversacionais e instrumentos apoiados em indutores escritos e indutores não escritos e realizados momentos informais e observações. Concluímos que a atuação profissional é marcada por produções subjetivas geradas em diferentes áreas da vida que se expressam no cotidiano escolar, muitas vezes, assumindo preponderância em relação às diretrizes políticas e pedagógicas dessa atuação. Essa constatação aponta para a necessidade de repensar a formação do psicólogo escolar por meio da criação de espaços reflexivos sobre a prática profissional e sobre o próprio psicólogo, para que haja um equilíbrio entre a subjetividade, os saberes e os fazeres da profissão.(AU)

This article aims to analyze how the subjective constitution of the psychologist is expressed in his performance in the school context. The Theory of Subjectivity, in a cultural-historical perspective, and the principles of Qualitative Epistemology were used in the process of interpretive construction of information. The qualitative research was carried out with a school psychologist at a public school in a large city in the Midwest region of the country. Conversational systems and instruments supported by written and unwritten inducers were used and informal moments and observations were carried out. We conclude that professional performance is marked by subjective productions generated in different areas of life that are expressed in school daily life often assuming preponderance to the political and pedagogical guidelines of this performance. This finding points to the need to rethink the training of the school psychologist by creating reflective spaces about professional practice and about the psychologists themselves, so that there is a balance between subjectivity, knowledge, and practice in the profession.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se expresa la constitución subjetiva del psicólogo en su desempeño en el contexto escolar. La Teoría de la Subjetividad, desde una perspectiva histórico-cultural, y los principios de la Epistemología Cualitativa se utilizaron en el proceso de construcción interpretativa de la información. La investigación cualitativa se llevó a cabo con un psicólogo escolar en una escuela pública de una gran ciudad de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Se utilizaron sistemas conversacionales e instrumentos apoyados en inductores escritos y no escritos, realizados en momentos informales y observaciones. Se concluye que el desempeño profesional estuvo marcado por producciones subjetivas generadas en diferentes ámbitos de la vida y que se expresan en la cotidianidad escolar, asumiendo muchas veces preponderancia con relación a los lineamientos políticos y pedagógicos de este desempeño. Este hallazgo apunta a la necesidad de repensar la formación del psicólogo escolar mediante la creación de espacios de reflexión sobre la práctica profesional y sobre uno mismo, para que se establezca un equilibrio entre subjetividad, conocimiento y práctica en la profesión.(AU)

Estrategia de superación para el desarrollo de habilidades del cirujano general en el preoperatorio mediato / An upgrading strategy for the development of skills in the general surgeon in the mediated preoperative period

Introducción: La superación profesional en cirujanos generales, particularizada en la atención preoperatoria, es una vía para acrecentar la educación permanente o continua, que contribuye a formar hombres de ciencias con determinados valores y actitudes. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia de superación para el desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales en la atención preoperatoria mediata que contribuya al mejoramiento del desempeño profesional de los médicos cirujanos generales. Métodos: Se utilizaron como métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, histórico-lógico, sistematización, inducción-deducción, modelación, análisis documental, sistémico estructural funcional; y como empírico, la observación científica. Resultados: El diseño de la estrategia respondió al desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales en la atención preoperatoria mediata y se fundamentó desde los referentes filosóficos, sociológicos, psicológicos, epistemológicos, pedagógicos y la educación médica. Se concibió en cuatro etapas y se utilizó el ciclo Deming, que establece relaciones esenciales con coherencia lógica interna a la educación médica, en particular en el área de la formación permanente y continuada de los profesionales de la salud. Conclusiones: El diseño de la estrategia profesional permite el enriquecimiento de las ciencias de la educación médica desde el posgrado como ciencia en construcción, específicamente en el área de la formación permanente y continua de médicos cirujanos generales. Al profundizar desde el plano interno, externo y contextual para el desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales en el preoperatorio mediato, la estrategia propuesta resulta dinámica, lo que permite el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional a partir de la superación(AU)

Introduction: Professional improvement in general surgeons, particularly in preoperative care, is a way to increase permanent or continuous education, which contributes to the creation of men of science with certain values and attitudes. Objective: To design an upgrading strategy for the development of professional skills in preoperative care that contributes to the improvement of professional performance in general surgeons. Methods: As theoretical methods, analysis-synthesis was used, together with the historical-logical method, systematization, induction-deduction, modeling, documentary analysis, and the structural-functional-systemic method; while, at the empirical level, scientific observation was used. Results: The design of the strategy responded to the development of professional skills in preoperative mediated care and was based on philosophical, sociological, psychological, epistemological, pedagogical and medical education referents. It was conceived in four stages and used the Deming cycle, which establishes essential relationships with internal logical coherence to medical education, particularly in the area of permanent and continuous education for health professionals. Conclusions: The design of the professional strategy allows the enrichment of medical education sciences from the postgraduate level as a science under construction, specifically in the area of permanent and continuous training of general surgeons. Insofar it deepens from the internal, external and contextual levels for the development of professional skills in the mediate preoperative period, the proposed strategy is dynamic, allowing for the improvement of professional performance from the point of view of self-upgrading(AU)

La competencia estadística en la dimensión investigativa del Médico GeneralIntegral

Introducción: Los estudios orientados al desarrollo y perfeccionamiento del sistema de competencias del modelo de profesional del médico general integral (MGI), no identifican la competencia estadística como tal, ni los modos de actuación que, con respecto a la utilización de esta herramienta auxiliar, debe reflejar su actividad científica. Objetivo: Fundamentar y definir la competencia estadística para la formación de la dimensión investigativa del especialista en MGI. Método: Se realizó una investigación documental orientada a sistematizar los fundamentos que acreditan la utilización de la Estadística como herramienta auxiliar en la actividad científica del MGI y los elementos que determinan la articulación de la competencia estadística al sistema de competencias específicas de la profesión. De una amplia revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos académicas se identificaron 47 referencias bibliográficas, de las cuales 30 se adherían a la temática abordada. Resultados: La asimilación de los modos de actuación estadística garantiza que el MGI domine el tratamiento adecuado de los conjuntos de datos y el análisis crítico de resultados durante el desarrollo de la actividad científica de su profesión. Se propone una definición de competencia estadística y en correspondencia los modos de actuación que deben ser aprehendidos por los especialistas de MGI. La inclusión de la competencia estadística al sistema de competencias profesionales específicas del médico general integral constituye una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de la formación para la dimensión investigativa. Conclusiones: La integración de la competencia estadística al sistema de competencias profesionales específicas del MGI constituye una alternativa para mejorar la calidad del proceso de formación de la dimensión investigativa en esta especialidad.

Introduction: The studies that are oriented to the development and improvement of the system of competencies of the professional model of the comprehensive general practitioner, do not identify the statistical competence as such, nor the modes of action that, with respect to the use of this auxiliary tool, should reflect their scientific activity. Objective: To base and define the statistical competence for the training in the investigative dimension of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine. Method: A documentary research was carried out aimed at systematizing the foundations that prove the use of Statistics as an auxiliary tool in the scientific activity of the comprehensive general practitioner and the elements that determine the articulation of statistical competence to the system of specific competences of the profession. From an extensive bibliographic review in academic databases, 47 bibliographic references were identified, of which 30 adhered to the topic addressed. Results: The assimilation of the modes of statistical action guarantees that the comprehensive general practitioner masters the proper treatment of data sets and the critical analysis of results during the development of the scientific activity of his profession. A definition of statistical competence is proposed and correspondingly the modes of action that must be apprehended by MGI specialists. The inclusion of statistical competence to the system of specific professional competences of the comprehensive general practitioner constitutes an alternative to improve the quality of training for the investigative dimension. Conclusions: The integration of the statistical competence to the system of specific professional competences of the MGI constitutes an alternative to improve the quality of the training process of the investigative dimension in this specialty.

Habilidades investigativas de los licenciados en enfermería en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología / Research skills of nursing graduates at the Institute of Hematology and Inmunology

Introducción: El desarrollo de habilidades investigativas constituye una necesidad para los profesionales de enfermería, ya que permite brindar solución a los problemas que surgen en el ámbito laboral desde una concepción científica y transformar la realidad de manera eficaz. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas de los licenciados en enfermería. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología de la Habana, realizado desde el 1ro hasta el 30 de diciembre de 2021. Se aplicó una encuesta a 30 licenciados en enfermería y se realizó una observación a través de una guía de 12 informes escritos. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y cálculo porcentual. Resultados: Se constató baja participación como ponentes en eventos científicos, poca incorporación en proyectos institucionales y de artículos publicados en revistas científicas. En los informes escritos los problemas observados fueron: elaboración de los objetivos, operatividad de las variables, determinación de métodos y técnicas de investigación, análisis de los resultados obtenidos y las referencias bibliográficas, lo que evidencia un insuficiente dominio de la metodología de la investigación. Conclusiones: En el diagnóstico realizado se caracterizaron las insuficiencias en el desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas de los licenciados en enfermería, a partir de nuevas estrategias se iniciaron un conjunto de acciones de superación para dar continuidad al desarrollo de la investigación en enfermería(AU)

Introduction: Characterization of investigative skills in the professional performance of Nursing graduates Introduction: the development of investigative skills is a necessity for nursing professionals, since it allows them to provide solutions to problems that arise in the workplace from a scientific conception and transform reality effectively. Objective: To characterize the development of research skills of nursing graduates. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology of Havana, from September 1st to December 30th, 2021. A survey was applied to 30 nursing graduates and an observation was made through a guide of 12 written reports. Descriptive statistics, absolute and relative frequency distribution, and percentage calculation were used. Results: There was low participation as a speaker in scientific events, little incorporation in institutional projects and articles published in scientific journals. In the written reports, the problems observed were: the elaboration of the objectives, the operationalization of the variables, the determination of research methods and techniques, the analysis of the results obtained and the bibliographical references, which shows an insufficient mastery of the research methodology. Conclusions: In the diagnosis made, the insufficiencies in the development of the investigative skills of nursing graduates were characterized, based on new strategies, a set of overcoming actions were initiated to give continuity to the development of Nursing research(AU)

Perception of interns regarding influence of dressing on professional performance at workplace in dentistry.

Background: In a health-care setup, interpersonal communication plays a pivotal role in the attainment of professional outcomes. Dressing is an indirect mode of communication. Since ancient times, it is assumed that doctor's clothing have a positive effect on the minds of patients. This survey evaluates the perception of interns from dental sciences regarding the impact of dressing on professional performance at workplace. Materials and Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was distributed among a batch of interns who were willing to participate in the survey. Seventy-six interns returned the responses which were complete without any duplication. All the survey forms were scrutinized and the data were collated. Qualitative analysis of the assembled data was performed to evaluate intern's perception about the association between dressing and professional performance at workplace. Results: Results of the survey demonstrated that 81.6% of the participants dress up to work as per their temperament. About 65.8% of the participants believed that dental professionals should choose formal wear for workplace settings. Majority of the participants, i.e., 67.1%, believed that dressing affects perception on personality traits such as dignity and character of a professional. A wide number of interns perceived that dressing alters the behavior of self, patients, and colleagues (55.3%, 71.1%, and 68.4%, respectively). The result of this survey also showed a positive correlation between dressing and professional traits such as confidence, responsibility, and efficiency (75.0%, 63.2%, and 63.2%, respectively). Notably, 55.3% opined against enforcing a dress code for dental institutions/dental offices. Conclusion: The result of the study represents the positive influence of dressing on professional performance at workplace in dentistry as perceived by interns from the faculty of dental sciences.

Résumé Contexte: Dans une configuration de soins de santé, la communication interpersonnelle joue un rôle central dans l'atteinte des résultats professionnels. Pansement est un mode de communication indirect. Depuis l'Antiquité, on suppose que les vêtements de médecin ont un effet positif sur l'esprit des patients. Cette enquête évalue la perception des stagiaires en sciences dentaires concernant l'impact de l'habillage sur la performance professionnelle au travail. Matériels et méthodes: Un questionnaire auto-conçu a été distribué à un groupe de stagiaires disposés à participer auenquête. Soixante-seize stagiaires ont renvoyé les réponses qui étaient complètes sans aucune duplication. Tous les formulaires d'enquête ont été examinés etles données ont été rassemblées. Une analyse qualitative des données assemblées a été effectuée pour évaluer la perception des stagiaires sur l'association entre habillage et performance professionnelle sur le lieu de travail. Résultats: Les résultats de l'enquête ont démontré que 81,6 % des participants s'habillaient travailler selon son tempérament. Environ 65,8% des participants pensaient que les professionnels dentaires devraient choisir des vêtements de cérémonie pour le lieu de travail réglages. La majorité des participants, c'est-à-dire 67,1%, croyaient que l'habillement affecte la perception des traits de personnalité tels que la dignité et le caractère d'un professionnel. Un grand nombre d'internes ont perçu que s'habiller modifie leur comportement, celui des patients et des collègues (55,3 %, 71,1 % et 68,4 %, respectivement). Le résultat de cette enquête a également montré une corrélation positive entre l'habillement et les traits professionnels tels que la confiance, responsabilité et efficacité (75,0 %, 63,2 % et 63,2 %, respectivement). Notamment, 55,3 % se sont prononcés contre l'application d'un code vestimentaire pour les soins dentaires institutions/cabinets dentaires. Conclusion: Le résultat de l'étude représente l'influence positive de l'habillement sur la performance professionnelle à milieu de travail en dentisterie tel que perçu par les stagiaires de la faculté des sciences dentaires. Mots clés: Dentisterie, habillage, interne, performance professionnelle, lieu de travail.

Competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología / Specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in gastroenterology

Introducción: La formación académica en Cuba se propone una formación con alta competencia profesional y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño profesional especializado, por lo que constituye una prioridad para la Educación Médica cubana dar respuesta a dicha exigencia. Resulta esencial un modelo de competencias profesionales para la formación de los especialistas médicos, que permita el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional en respuesta a las exigencias del modelo del egresado. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, prospectivo, de investigación aplicativa bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos, legales, de las leyes de la Educación y la Educación Médica. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Se desarrolla en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas en el período 2019-2021. Resultados: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas se estructura en el marco epistemológico, objetivos, contexto social, representación gráfica, forma de implementación, así como se identifican y definen las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas: asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección que posibilitan la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Se corrobora la viabilidad del modelo, a partir de los resultados obtenidos de la triangulación efectuada. Conclusiones: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas diseñado es pertinente, en correspondencia con el perfil profesional y ocupacional de la especialidad, lo que enriquece las Ciencias de la Educación Médica en lo referido a la formación permanente y continuada(AU)

Introduction: Academic training in Cuba proposes training with high professional competence and advanced skills for specialized professional performance, which is why it is a priority for Cuban medical education to respond to this requirement. A model of professional skills is essential for the training of medical specialists, which allows the improvement of professional performance in response to the demands of the graduate model. Objective: To design a model of specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in Gastroenterology. Material and Methods: An educational, prospective, applicative research study was carried out under the general materialist dialectical approach, based on philosophical, psychological, legal theories and approaches of the laws of Education and Medical Education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were used. It is developed at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas in the period 2019-2021. Results: The model of specific professional competencies is structured in the epistemological framework, objectives, social context, graphic representation, and form of implementation; additionally, specific professional competencies in the areas of care, teaching, research and management that enable improvement in the professional performance of future specialists are identified and defined. The viability of the model is corroborated, based on the results obtained from the triangulation carried out. Conclusions: The model of specific professional competencies designed is pertinent, in correspondence with the professional and occupational profile of the specialty, which enriches the Sciences of Medical Education in terms of permanent and continuing education(AU)

[The combined use of peptide bioregulators and self-massage in order to improve the psychophysiological state and increase the professional performance of the elderly.]

The development of modern society is characterized by an increase in the volume and changing forms of information presentation. In the works of Russian and foreign gerontologists, it is noted that the perception and analysis of the flow of relevant data today causes difficulties for a significant part of citizens of older age groups, which is due, among other things, to the deterioration of their psychophysiological state. The lack of the ability to use the necessary information negatively affects the quality of life, the level of social adaptation and professional competence. This problem is particularly significant for population groups and professional communities, whose life and activities require the actualization of certain sectors of the information field. Typical examples of such groups are citizens of retirement age who continue professional activities related to the mobilization of intellectual and creative potential, in particular, university teachers. The use of gerontotechnologies contributes to solving the problem, which provides for the development of effective methods for correcting the functional state of elderly citizens, in particular, increasing the ability to perceive information and the level of vital activity. This publication presents the results of an experimental study of the effectiveness of the combined use of peptide bioregulators and massage on the level of professional performance of elderly teachers of a pedagogical university.

Instruments to assess the role of the clinical pharmacist: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The clinical pharmacist is an essential member of the healthcare team and plays an important role in health care in the primary care and the hospital setting. Knowledge regarding the instruments that evaluate the different activities of the clinical pharmacist, as well as the evaluation of the psychometric properties of these instruments, is necessary. METHODS: A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases without time and language restrictions. For the search strategy, the "pharmaceutical services," "validity studies," and "professional performance" domains were used. To assess the quality of the instruments, the five sources of validity evidence of contemporary psychometry were used, and the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardized instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. After screening 4096 articles, 32 studies were selected. RESULTS: A total of 32 studies were included, and 32 instruments were identified to be used by pharmacists acting in various pharmaceutical practice scenarios. It was found that the available instruments were developed or adapted from others, with variation in the methods, constructs, dimensions, and domains, as well as the psychometric properties. Most of the instruments addressed community pharmacies, and evidence of content validity and internal structure was found most frequently. A standardized and validated instrument that comprehensively assessed the performance of the clinical pharmacist, addressing clinical activities, was not identified for all practice environments. CONCLUSIONS: Without standardized and validated instruments specifics to assess the performance of the clinical pharmacist, it is hard to establish the main clinical activities performed by pharmacists in their pharmaceutical practice environments and to propose training actions to improve professional practice. Despite the large number of instruments available and considered validated by the authors, it is questioned to what extent the validity indicators presented in the different studies really show the validation status. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD 42018099912.

Assistência farmacêutica brasileira no primeiro ano da pandemia da Covid-19: uma revisão integrativa / Brazilian pharmaceutical care in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic: an integrative review / Asistencia farmacéutica brasileña en el primer año de la pandemia del Covid-19: una revisión integradora

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar os desafios e oportunidades vivenciados pela assistência farmacêutica do Brasil no primeiro ano da pandemia da covid-19. Foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura com base nos artigos de periódicos científicos, buscando identificar trabalhos relacionados à assistência farmacêutica no Brasil, publicados no período de março de 2020 a março de 2021. Foram incluídos nos resultados desta pesquisa 11 artigos elegíveis, que após análise foram agrupados em duas categorias com a finalidade de facilitar o entendimento quanto às diferentes áreas de atuação do profissional farmacêutico: atividades gerenciais; atividades clínicas, tendo esta como subcategorias a experiência em home care e ambulatorial; e atividades clínicas voltadas para orientação quanto ao uso racional de medicamento (URM). Os achados apontam como desafios mais frequentes os relacionados às atividades gerenciais e clínicas do farmacêutico, com destaque para aqueles referentes à orientação dos pacientes quanto ao uso racional de medicamentos, reestruturação dos serviços farmacêuticos, treinamento da equipe, adoção de novos protocolos farmacêuticos, planejamento da aquisição de medicamentos em larga escala para atender a demanda pandêmica, complexidade na farmacoterapia da covid-19, atuação na equipe multiprofissional, aquisição de novos conhecimentos, uso de novas tecnologias e implementação de novas práticas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas para o cuidado farmacêutico no contexto da covid-19.

This article aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities experienced by pharmaceutical assistance in Brazil in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. An integrative literature review was carried out based on publications in articles in scientific journals, seeking to identify works related to pharmaceutical care in Brazil, published from March 2020 to March 2021. A total of 11 eligible articles were included in the results of this research, which after analysis were grouped into two categories to facilitate the understanding of the different areas of activity of the pharmacist: managerial activities; clinical activities, with the following subcategories: experience in homecare and outpatient care; and clinical activities aimed at guidance on the rational medicine use (RMU). The findings indicate that the most frequent challenges are those related to the managerial and clinical activities of the pharmacist, especially those related to patient guidance on the rational medicine use, restructuring of pharmaceutical services, team training, adoption of new pharmaceutical protocols, acquisition planning of large-scale medicines to meet the pandemic demand, complexity in the pharmacotherapy of COVID-19, actuation in the multiprofessional team, acquisition of new knowledge, use of new technologies, and implementation of new pharmacological and non-pharmacological practices for pharmaceutical care in the context of COVID-19.

El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar los desafíos y oportunidades experimentados por la asistencia farmacéutica en Brasil en el primer año de la pandemia del covid-19. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura basada en publicaciones en revistas científicas para identificar trabajos relacionados con la atención farmacéutica en Brasil, publicados entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021. Como resultado de esta investigación se obtuvieron 11 artículos elegibles, que después del análisis se agruparon en dos categorías para facilitar la comprensión de las diferentes áreas de actividad del farmacéutico: actividades directivas; actividades clínicas, con las siguientes subcategorías: experiencia en atención domiciliaria y ambulatoria; y actividades clínicas dirigidas al uso racional de medicamentos (URM). Los hallazgos indican que los desafíos más frecuentes son los relacionados con las actividades gerenciales y clínicas del farmacéutico, especialmente los relacionados con la orientación del paciente sobre el uso racional de los medicamentos, la reestructuración de los servicios farmacéuticos, la formación de equipos, la adopción de nuevos protocolos farmacéuticos, la planificación de adquisiciones de medicamentos a gran escala para atender la demanda pandémica, complejidad en la farmacoterapia del covid-19, actuación en el equipo multiprofesional, adquisición de nuevos conocimientos, uso de nuevas tecnologías e implementación de nuevas prácticas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas para la atención farmacéutica en el contexto del covid-19.

Caracterización del desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría en Consolación del Sur / Characterization of the Professional Performance of the family Physician in Nephrogeriatrics in Consolación del Sur Municipality

Introducción: La atención a pacientes nefrogeriátricos requiere de nuevas acciones que propicien mejores resultados de forma armónica e integrada. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado actual del desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, desde mayo de 2014 a mayo de 2015, dirigido a 39 médicos de familia del área 5 de septiembre. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos para evaluar el desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría. Se tuvo en cuenta el consentimiento informado. Resultados: Se identificó el estado actual de la variable estudiada, con la identificación de problemas relacionados con la dimensión cognitiva, asistencial, educativa e investigativa en la atención al paciente nefrogeriátrico en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusiones: El desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría carece de integración en la atención integral a los pacientes, la familia y la comunidad(AU)

Introduction: The care for nephrogeriatric patients requires new actions with better outcomes in a harmonic and integrated way. Objective: To characterize the current state of professional performance of family physicians in nephrogeriatrics in primary healthcare. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out from May 2014 to May 2015, targeted at 39 family physicians belonging to 5 de Septiembre health area. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used to evaluate the professional performance of the family physician in nephrogeriatrics. Informed consent was taken into account. Results: The current state of the studied variable was identified, with the identification of problems related to the cognitive, assistance, educational and investigative dimensions in the care of nephrogeriatric patients in primary healthcare. Conclusions: The professional performance of the family physician in nephrogeriatrics lacks integration regarding the comprehensive care of patients, family and the community(AU)