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1.
Brain Sci ; 14(6)2024 May 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38928524

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This work aimed to study the Village Test (VT) in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compare the results with those of a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. METHODS: A total of 50 patients with AD, 28 patients with MCI, and 38 controls were evaluated. All participants underwent the VT and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. RESULTS: The mean ages of the participants were 74.4 years for those with AD, 74 for those with MCI, and 70.2 for the controls. The AD group built smaller and essential villages with a scarce use of pieces, a poor use of dynamic pieces, and scarce use of human figures. All constructions were often concentrated in the center of the table. CONCLUSIONS: The villages built by the AD group represent a cognitive and affective coarctation and indicate a sense of existential disorientation and isolation. The VT is a useful aid for getting in touch with the inner emotional and existential states of patients with AD, and it could represent a complementary screening tool for orienting cognitive impairment diagnoses.

2.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr ; 73(3): 235-252, 2024 Mar.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38634384

ABSTRACT

Children Create Narratives - First Experience with the Revised Sceno-2 Test The Sceno Test, created by Gerthild von Staabs, has been in use and has been useful in its original version for more than 80 years. It has now undergone a major revision.The test will retain its relevance as a projective diagnostic procedure offering children and juveniles opportunities to design scenes and to voice narratives coming along with them. It can serve as an instrument encompassing all therapeutic approaches to explore infantile wishes, perceptions, and interpretations and can provide, as intended by Gerthild von Staabs, indications of family dynamics.The revision of the test will be discussed at great length.


Subject(s)
Projective Techniques , Child , Humans , Narration
3.
Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being ; 18(1): 2233253, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37463336

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: It can be challenging to research aspects of people's health behaviour, attitudes, and emotions due to the sensitive nature of these topics. We aimed to develop a novel methodology for discussing sensitive health topics, and explore the effectiveness in focus groups using prostate cancer and screening as an example. METHOD: We developed a fictitious case and employed it as a projective technique in focus groups on prostate cancer and screening. The participants were men and their partners who lived in Denmark. RESULTS: The technique encouraged emotional and cognitive openness in focus group discussions about the risk of prostate cancer, the benefits and harms of screening, and decision-making about screening. It appeared that using the fictitious case allowed the participants to personally distance themselves from the topic, project emotions onto the case, and thereby openly talk about their emotions. CONCLUSION: This article presents a methodological contribution to communication about sensitive topics in focus groups, using prostate cancer screening as an example. Further refinement of the methodology is needed to enable participants to transfer improvements in knowledge to their own decision about screening.


Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms , Male , Humans , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Focus Groups , Decision Making , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Mass Screening/methods
4.
Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen ; 37: 15333175221129381, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36317413

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the evolution of the Tree Drawing Test (TDT) in a group of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS: A total of 33 AD patients were consecutively evaluated by Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) and TDT. The evolution of the TDT parameters, trunk-to-crown (TC) and space occupation (SO) index, were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age at first visit was 79 years. Globally, trees drawn by patients showed an evolution characterized by a progressive reduction of the crown compared to the trunk. TC index showed a significant linear growth change (2.52 points per year) while SO index did not significantly increase. No significant associations were found examining the relations between MMSE and TC and SO index. CONCLUSIONS: TDT could represent a complementary technique to the main neuropsychological screening tests for orienting cognitive impairment diagnosis and an aid in following the evolution of cognitive impairment over time in AD patients.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Cognitive Dysfunction , Aged , Humans , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Longitudinal Studies , Neuropsychological Tests
5.
Psico USF ; 27(3): 553-565, July-Sept. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1422338

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to verify the validity of Zulliger criteria in the evaluation of interpersonal relationships and self-image of children victims of sexual violence. Population: 42 children between 7 and 13 years old participated, divided into three groups: 19 Victims of sexual violence (G1); 10 Cancer patients (G2); 13 Control group (G3). Instruments: Zulliger in the Comprehensive System (ZSC) R-Optimized application; Personality Scale for Children (ETPC, EPQ-J); Social Skills Inventory for Children (SSRS); Intelligence Test (CPM-Raven). G1, when compared to other groups, showed more tendency to problematic or less adaptive understanding of interpersonal interactions [p < 0.05 in PHR, GHR and p (ZSC); Psychosis (ETPC, EPQ-J); EG and F2 (SSRS)], more self-critical and negative self-image [p < 0.05 in MOR (ZSC)] and increased traumatic content [p < 0.05 in Bl (ZSC)]. The ZSC demonstrated preliminary evidence of validity in the evaluation of Interpersonal Relationship and Self-image of victims of child sexual violence. (AU)


Esse estudo objetivou verificar evidências de validade do Zulliger na avaliação de relacionamento interpessoal e autoimagem de crianças vítimas de violência sexual. Participaram 42 crianças entre 7 e 13 anos, divididas em três grupos: 19 vítimas de violência sexual (G1); 10 pacientes com câncer (G2); 13 grupo-controle (G3). Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Zulliger no Sistema Compreensivo (ZSC) aplicação R-Otimizada, Escala de Personalidade para Crianças (ETPC, EPQ-J), Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças (SSRS), Teste de Inteligência (CPM-Raven). O G1, quando comparado aos outros grupos, mostrou-se com mais tendência a compreensão problemática ou menos adaptativa das interações interpessoais [p < 0,05 em PHR, GHR e p (ZSC); Psicotismo (ETPC, EPQ-J); EG e F2 (SSRS)], mais autocríticas e autoimagem negativas [p < 0,05 em MOR (ZSC)] e aumento de conteúdos traumáticos [p < 0,05 em Bl (ZSC)]. O ZSC demonstrou evidências preliminares de validade na avaliação de Relacionamento Interpessoal e Autoimagem de vítimas de violência sexual infantil. (AU)


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar evidencias de validez de Zulliger en la evaluación de las relaciones interpersonales y la autoimagen de los niños víctimas de violencia sexual. Participaron 42 niños entre 7 y 13 años: 19 Víctimas de violencia sexual (G1); 10 pacientes con cáncer (G2); 13 Grupo de control (G3). Los instrumentos utilizados: Zulliger en el Sistema Comprensivo (ZSC) aplicación R-Optimizada; Escala de personalidad para niños (ETPC, EPQ-J); Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Niños (SSRS); Test de Inteligencia (CPM-Raven). En comparación con otros grupos, G1 tuvo más probabilidades de una comprensión problemática o menos adaptativa de las interacciones interpersonales [p<0,05 en PHR, GHR y p (ZSC); Psicotismo (ETPC, EPQ-J); EG y F2 (SSRS)], más autocrítica y autoimagen negativa [p<0.05 en MOR (ZSC)] y mayor contenido traumático [p<0.05 en Bl (ZSC)]. El ZSC demostró evidencias preliminares de validez en la evaluación de la Relación Interpersonal y la Autoimagen de las víctimas de violencia sexual infantil. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Self Concept , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Personality Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Projective Techniques , Social Skills , Data Accuracy , Correlation of Data , Sociodemographic Factors , Intelligence Tests
6.
Food Res Int ; 156: 111124, 2022 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35651004

ABSTRACT

Word association (WA) is a projective and powerful technique that consists of the spontaneous generation of words from specific stimuli. This technique is used in sociology and psychology studies; however, in the Consumer and Food Science area has gained importance since it allows to explore beliefs, expectations, or attitudes in the context of food consumption behavior. The aim of this work is to present a current status on the use of this technique in the studies of food consumption behavior. A narrative review of the literature was carried out with articles published in four databases: ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Emerald Insight, and Taylor & Francis. Seventy-four articles that show the use of the WA technique in different cultures were selected. WA technique has been applied in different countries, however, it has been primarily used in Latin America. WA has been applied mainly to decipher consumers' perceptions towards different aspects of food, although some works show that WA serves to understand beliefs, expectations, impressions, attitudes, and even to conceptualize different categories of food from the language of consumers. Some theoretical and methodological implications are discussed regarding the use and application of this projective technique.


Subject(s)
Consumer Behavior , Projective Techniques , Attitude , Food , Food Preferences/psychology
7.
Aval. psicol ; 21(1): 104-113, jan.-mar. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1447453

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar os resultados de uma investigação comparativa e correlacional utilizando a Técnica de Apercepção Temática para Idosos (SAT). Participaram da pesquisa 30 idosos longevos divididos em dois grupos: idosos que vivem na comunidade e residentes de uma instituição de longa permanência. Foram utilizados um questionário de caracterização, oito pranchas do SAT, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). A comparação dos resultados do SAT evidenciou que os idosos institucionalizados demonstraram percepções mais positivas sobre a velhice. As correlações indicaram que maiores pontuações na GDS-15 se associam moderadamente à ausência de soluções de problemas nas histórias elaboradas para o SAT. Observou-se que baixas pontuações no MEEM se relacionam com maior número de distorções ou superficialidade nas percepções dos estímulos do SAT, assim como um maior número de narrativas que se distanciam dos temas evocados para as pranchas. (AU)


This study presents the results of a comparative correlational investigation using the Senior Apperception Test (SAT). Study participants were 30 long-living older adults, divided into two groups: those who live in the community and the residents of a long-term institution. The study used a characterization questionnaire, eight SAT cards, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMEE). The comparison of the SAT results showed that the institutionalized older adults had a more positive perception about aging. The correlations demonstrated that higher GDS-15 scores were moderately associated with the absence of solutions to problems in the stories elaborated for the SAT. It was found that low MMEE scores were related to a higher number of distortions or superficiality in the perception of the SAT stimulus, as well as to a greater number of narratives that were distant from the themes evoked in the cards. (AU)


El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar los resultados de una investigación comparativa correlacional utilizando la Técnica de Apercepción Temática para Ancianos (SAT). Participaron 30 ancianos longevos divididos en dos grupos: ancianos residentes en la comunidad y los que viven en residencias de ancianos. Se empleó un cuestionario de caracterización, ocho tableros del SAT, la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDS-15), y el Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MEEM). La comparación de resultados del SAT evidenció una percepción más positiva sobre la vejez en ancianos institucionalizados. Las correlaciones indicaron que una mayor puntuación en el GDS-15 se asocia moderadamente con la ausencia de soluciones de problemas en las historias elaboradas para el SAT. Se observó que una puntuación baja en el MEEM se relaciona con un mayor número de distorsiones o superficialidad en las percepciones de los estímulos del SAT, así como a un mayor número de narrativas que se distancian de los temas evocados para las láminas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/psychology , Thematic Apperception Test , Statistics, Nonparametric , Correlation of Data , Sociodemographic Factors , Homes for the Aged
8.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377584

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Psicodiagnóstico interventivo, basado en las Consultas Terapéuticas propuestas por Winnicott, involucra, desde la primera sesión, intervenciones clínicas. Dado su empleo en diferentes contextos y poblaciones, instrumentos proyectivos como el Test de Apercepción Temática Infantil con Figuras Humanas son utilizados con la finalidad de explorar y comprender el mundo vivencial, y aspectos relevantes de la personalidad de niños y adolescentes, apoyando el trabajo clínico con adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Introducir, por medio del análisis del Psicodiagnóstico interventivo con la ayuda del CAT-H, la ilustración clínica de una adolescente con comportamiento de autolesión no suicida. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio clínico-teórico, con delineamiento de estudio de caso. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de la libre inspección del material y a la luz del abordaje psicoanalítico winnicottiana. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció el principal conflicto interno experimentado por el participante: sumisión frente al deseo de hacer lo que es propio de la época, así como la autoimagen vulnerable y el empleo de mecanismos de defensa primitivos dada la intensa sensación de impotencia. CONCLUSIÓN: El material clínico descrito presenta el uso del test más allá de su posibilidad diagnóstica, en calidad de mediador terapéutico, colaborando para la profundización en la queja y ofreciendo una experiencia de acogida y reflexión a la paciente, de manera similar la oferta del juego del garabato de Winnicott, es decir estableciendo contacto el campo emocional.


INTRODUÇÃO: O psicodiagnóstico interventivo, baseado nas Consultas Terapêuticas propostas por Winnicott, envolve, desde a primeira sessão, intervenções clínicas. Devido ao seu emprego em diferentes contextos e populações, instrumentos projetivos como o Teste de Apercepção Infantil com Figuras Humanas são utilizados para explorar e compreender o mundo vivencial, e aspectos relevantes da personalidade do público infanto-juvenil, subsidiando a atuação clínica com adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a análise do psico diagnóstico interventivo com o auxílio do teste por meio da ilustração clínica de um adolescente com comportamento de autolesão não suicida. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo teórico-clínico, com delineamento de estudo de caso. Os dados foram analisados a partir da livre inspeção do material e à luz da abordagem psicanalítica winnicottiana. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se o principal conflito interno vivenciado pelo participante: submissão versus desejo de fazer o que é próprio para a idade, assim como autoimagem vulnerável e emprego de mecanismos primitivos de defesa diante do intenso sentimento de desamparo. CONCLUSÃO: O material clínico descrito apresenta a utilização do teste além de sua possibilidade diagnóstica, como mediador terapêutico, colaborando para aprofundar a queixa e oferecendo uma experiência de acolhimento e reflexão ao paciente, à semelhança da proposta do jogo de rabiscos de Winnicott, ou seja, estabelecendo contato com o campo emocional.


INTRODUCTION: The interventive psychodiagnosis, based on the Therapeutic Consultations proposed by Winnicott, involves, from the first session, clinical interventions. Given its use in different contexts and populations, projective instruments such as the Children's Apperception Test with Human Figures are used in order to explore and understand the living world, and relevant aspects of the personality of children and adolescents, supporting clinical work with adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To present the analysis of the interventive psychodiagnosis with the help of the test through the clinical illustration of an adolescent with non-suicidal self-injury behavior. METHOD: This is a clinical-theoretical study, with a case study design. Data were analyzed from the free inspection of the material and in the light of the Winnicottian psychoanalytic approach. RESULTS: The main internal conflict experienced by the participant was evidenced: submission versus the desire to do what is proper for the age, as well as vulnerable self-image and employment of primitive defense mechanisms given the intense feeling of helplessness. CONCLUSION: The clinical material described presents the use of the test in addition to its diagnostic possibility, as a therapeutic mediator, collaborating to deepen the complaint and offering an experience of welcoming and reflection to the patient, similarly to the proposal of Winnicott's scribble game, which is, establishing contact with the emotional field.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Thematic Apperception Test , Child Behavior/psychology , Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Qualitative Research
9.
Appetite ; 169: 105793, 2022 02 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34748877

ABSTRACT

A shift towards a plant-based diet is desired to promote sustainability, improve health, and minimize animal suffering. However, many consumers are not willing to make such a transition, because of attachment to meat and unwillingness to change habits. The present work explored the perception of Norwegian and French consumers' attitudes, barriers and opportunities to increase the likelihood of a shift in diet. Three creative focus groups (CFGs), using interactive tasks such as photo-collage, projective mapping, story completion and third person technique, were run with omnivorous adult consumers in each country. CFGs gathers undirected feedback, providing less biased responses than other exploration methods, related to e.g. social norms. In both countries, results were in general lines comparable. Nutritional knowledge was low regarding vegetable proteins; familiar sources of protein were mostly animal. There is a strong gap between respondents' desired behaviour (balancing nutrition, eating less meat) and their actual behaviour: meat is very important, and the menu is often organized around it. Consumers are curious about vegetable sources of protein, but major constraints were hedonics in France, and convenience in Norway. The main barrier to a shift in diet is the lack of knowledge on how to prepare plant-based meals. Many participants find a conflict between health & sustainability in industrial products, perceiving them as highly processed and suggesting that meat replacers might not be a straightforward way to drive omnivorous consumers to shift to a more plant-based diet.


Subject(s)
Diet , Meat , Animals , Humans , Meals , Perception , Vegetables
10.
Psicol. (Univ. Brasília, Online) ; 38: e38514, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1406355

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to verify the reliability of the Zulliger test (ZSC) and the individuals' personality characteristics over 10 years (2009-2019), using a (test-retest) design. Four adults, non-patients, between 18 and 52 years of age participated in this study. Instruments: structured interview, the ZSC and the Social Skills Inventory (IHS2-Del-Prette). The analyses considered the interpretative differences of 59 ZSC variables between the first (2009) and second (2019) applications, the interview data and the IHS2-Del-Prette. The results demonstrated temporal stability for most (70%) of the variables of the ZSC after 10 years of testing and contemplated the main interpretative findings. The interview data and the IHS2-Del-Prette added to the data of the ZSC regarding the individuals' personality characteristics and emotional state.


Resumo Este estudo buscou verificar a fidedignidade de Zulliger (ZSC) e as características de personalidade dos indivíduos, ao longo de 10 anos (2009-2019), teste - reteste. Participaram quatro adultos, não pacientes, idades entre 18 e 52 anos. Instrumentos: Entrevista estruturada, ZSC e o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS2-Del-Prette). As análises consideraram as diferenças interpretativas de 59 variáveis do ZSC entre a primeira (2009) e segunda (2019) aplicação, os dados da entrevista e do IHS2-Del-Prette. Os resultados demonstraram estabilidade temporal para a maior parte das variáveis do ZSC (70%), após 10 anos de realização do teste, e contemplaram os principais achados interpretativos. A entrevista e o IHS2-Del-Prette incrementaram os dados do ZSC referentes às características da personalidade e do estado emocional dos indivíduos.

11.
Interaçao psicol ; 25(3): 298-307, ago.-dez. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512194

ABSTRACT

Este estudo buscou evidências de validade convergente entre indicadores do processamento cognitivo do teste de Zulliger com a idade e a escolaridade. Participaram 64 adultos não pacientes, entre 18 e 59 anos de idade (M = 30,14, DP = 10,33), prestadores de serviços comerciais. Utilizaram-se como instrumentos um questionário sociodemográfico e o teste de Zulliger no Sistema Compreensivo. Na comparação com a amostra normativa brasileira, houve aumento significativo nas variáveis do Zulliger que indicam capacidade de análise e síntese (DQ+, W, XA%), e rebaixamento significativo de indicadores que mostram percepção inadequada da realidade (X-%). A associação do Zulliger com as variáveis externas, a correlação significativa (W:M) mostrou menos tendência à liderança e ambição intelectual em adultos mais jovens. A escolaridade demonstrou associação significativa com recursos intelectuais e iniciativa na tomada de decisões (M, Ma:Mp). A convergência do Zulliger com idade e escolaridade potencializa o uso do instrumento e enriquece a compreensão de aspectos cognitivos de adultos.


This study sought evidence of convergent validity between indicators of cognitive processing of the Zulliger test with age and schooling. There were Sixty-four adults not patients, aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 30,14, DP = 10,33), service providers in commercial. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire and Zulliger in the Comprehensive System. In comparison with the Brazilian normative sample there was a significant increase in Zulliger variables that indicate analysis and synthesis capacity (DQ +, W, XA%), and significant reduction of indicators that show an inadequate perception of reality (X-%). In the association of the Zulliger with the external variables, the significant correlation (W: M) showed a less tendency to leadership and intellectual ambition capacity in younger adults. Schooling showed a significant association with intellectual resources and decision making initiative (M, Ma: Mp). The results evidenced the convergent validity of the Zulliger with age and schooling, enriching the understanding of the cognitive aspects of adults.

12.
Psico USF ; 26(3): 571-583, Jul.-Sept. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1351344

ABSTRACT

This study sought evidence of validity of the Zulliger method to evaluate cognitive processes in elderly and long-lived adults and to verify the relationship between cognition and external variables. Participated 142 subjects, aged between 18 and 96 years old. The Zulliger Comprehensive System (ZSC), Mini-Mental State Examination and sociodemographic protocols were used as of data collection. The older and long-lived adults presented a significant decrease in mediation (X-%, XA%, P) and abstract reasoning (M) when compared to young and middle-aged adults. Education and socioeconomic status (SES) demonstrated significant and positive correlations with cognitive processes (R, ZF, W, M, DQ+ and Intellectualization). The findings are fundamental to psychological practice and to directing measures for cognitive preservation in human aging. (AU)


Esse estudo buscou evidências de validade do método de Zulliger para avaliar processos cognitivos em adultos idosos e longevos e verificar a relação entre cognição e variáveis externas. Participaram 142 indivíduos, com idades entre 18 e 96 anos. Utilizaram-se para a coleta de dados: Zulliger no Sistema Compreensivo (ZSC), Miniexame de Estado Mental e protocolo sociodemográfico. Adultos mais velhos e longevos apresentaram diminuição significativa na mediação (X-%, XA%, P) e raciocínio abstrato (M), comparados aos adultos jovens e de meia idade. A educação e o nível socioeconômico (NSE) demonstraram correlações positivas e significativas com processos cognitivos (R, ZF, W, M, DQ+ e Intelectualização). Os achados são fundamentais na prática psicológica e para direcionar medidas na preservação cognitiva no envelhecimento humano. (AU)


El presente estudio buscó evidencias de validez del método de Zulliger para evaluar procesos cognitivos en ancianos y longevos y para verificar la relación entre la cognición y las variables externas. Participaron 142 individuos con edades entre 18 y 96 años. Se utilizaron como instrumentos: Zulliger en el Sistema Comprensivo (ZSC), Mini Examen del Estado Mental y protocolos sociodemográficos. Ancianos y longevos presentaron una disminución significativa en la mediación (X-%, XA%, P) y el razonamiento abstracto (M) en comparación con los adultos jóvenes y de mediana edad. La educación y el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) demostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas con los procesos cognitivos (R, ZF, W, M, DQ+ e Intelectualización). Los hallazgos son fundamentales para la práctica psicológica y para dirigir medidas para la preservación cognitiva en el envejecimiento humano. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Aging/psychology , Projective Techniques , Cognition , Cognitive Aging/psychology , Psychometrics , Socioeconomic Factors , Analysis of Variance , Age Distribution
13.
Aval. psicol ; 20(2): 253-261, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1285442

ABSTRACT

Os testes das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister (TPC) e do Zulliger pelo Sistema Compreensivo (ZSC) se propõem a avaliar aspectos da personalidade. Objetivou-se buscar evidências de validade convergente para o TPC por meio de correlação com o ZSC entre seus indicadores de funcionamento cognitivo. Contou-se com os protocolos do ZSC e TPC de 172 crianças de Fortaleza com idade entre 6 e 11 anos e 6 meses (M = 8,64; DP = 1,434). Realizaram-se análises de estatística descritiva e correlação de Pearson pelo SPSS. Constataram-se 34 correlações significativas (p < 0,05), que foram discutidas a partir, principalmente, dos manuais dos testes. Ainda que essas correlações tenham sido fracas, as interpretações dos indicadores sugerem que o Pfister e o Zulliger podem ser usados de maneira complementar na avaliação da personalidade. (AU)


The Pfister Colored Pyramids Test (CPT) and the Zulliger test in the Comprehensive System (ZSC) are projective methods that aim to evaluate aspects of the personality. The aim was to seek evidence of convergent validity for the CPT through correlation with the ZSC, specifically regarding their indicators of cognitive functioning. Accordingly, 172 children from Fortaleza (CE), aged between 6 and 11 years and 6 months (M=8.64, SD=1.434) participated. The Raven Colored Progressive Matrices - Special Scale, the ZSC and the CPT were used. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed using the SPSS software. The results presented 34 significant correlations (p<.05), which were mainly discussed in the test manuals. Although these correlations were weak, the interpretations of the indicators suggest that the Pfister and Zulliger tests can be used in a complementary way in the evaluation of the personality. (AU)


Los tests de las Pirámides de Colores de Pfister (TPC) y el Zulliger por el Sistema de Comprehensivo (ZSC) son métodos proyectivos que se proponen a evaluar aspectos de la personalidad. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es buscar evidencias de validez convergentes para TPC a través de correlación con el ZSC, específicamente, aquellos relacionados con el funcionamiento cognitivo. Se utilizaron los protocolos ZSC y TPC de 172 niños de Fortaleza (Ceará) con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 11 años y 6 meses (M=8.64, DS=1.434). Las Matrices Progresivas Coloreadas de Raven - Escala Especial, el ZSC y el TPC fueron utilizados. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y análisis de correlación de Pearson utilizando el software SPSS. Los resultados presentaron 34 correlaciones significativas (p<0.05), que se discutieron principalmente con base a los manuales. Aunque estas correlaciones han sido débiles, las interpretaciones de los indicadores sugieren que Pfister y Zulliger pueden utilizarse de forma complementaria en la evaluación de la personalidad. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Projective Techniques , Cognition , Reproducibility of Results , Correlation of Data
14.
Aval. psicol ; 20(1): 80-88, jan.-mar. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1249047

ABSTRACT

O envelhecimento populacional demanda cuidados específicos a essa etapa do desenvolvimento. Este trabalho objetivou comparar indicadores de vivências afetivas de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados, a partir do Teste das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister (TPC), em relação a dados normativos disponíveis para a faixa etária. Foram individualmente avaliados 50 idosos (G1 = 25 institucionalizados; G2 = 25 não institucionalizados), idade média 73,6 (± 8,3 anos), de ambos os sexos, com escolaridade fundamental e nível econômico médio-inferior, voluntários do interior de São Paulo. Responderam a questionário sociodemográfico, Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e TPC. As escolhas e síndromes cromáticas do TPC de G1 e G2 foram comparadas (teste t de Student, p ≤ 0,05, d de Cohen), não se identificando diferenças estatisticamente significativas. No entanto, em comparação às normas, G1 apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis: azul, violeta, amarelo, marrom, cinza, Síndromes Estímulo e Incolor, apontando particularidades nas vivências afetivas de idosos associados à institucionalização. (AU)


Population aging requires specific care. This study aimed to describe and compare indicators of affective experiences of institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults, based on the Pfister Colored Pyramids Test (CPT), in relation to normative data available for the age group. A total of 50 older adult volunteers from the state of São Paulo, mean age 73.6 years (± 8.3), of both sexes, with elementary education and of average-lower economic levels, were individually assessed (G1 = 25 institutionalized; G2 = 25 non-institutionalized). They answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the CPT. The choices and chromatic syndromes of CPT of G1 and G2 were compared (Student's t-test, p ≤.05, Cohen's d), with no statistically significant differences being identified. However, when compared to the normative data, G1 presented statistically significant differences in the variables: blue, violet, yellow, brown, gray, Stimulus and Colorless Syndromes. It was possible to highlight particularities in the affective experiences of the older adults associated with institutionalization. (AU)


El envejecimiento de la población exige atención específica en esta etapa del desarrollo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar indicadores de experiencias afectivas de ancianos institucionalizados y no institucionalizados, basados en Test de las Pirámides de Colores de Pfister (TPC), en relación con los datos normativos disponibles para el grupo de edad. Se evaluaron 50 ancianos (G1=25 institucionalizados; G2=25 no institucionalizados) voluntarios del interior de São Paulo, edad media de 73,6 (± 8,3 años), de ambos sexos, con enseñanza primaria y nivel de ingresos medio-bajo. Respondieron a un cuestionario socio-demográfico, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) y el TPC. Se compararon las elecciones de los colores y síndromes cromáticos del TPC de G1 y G2 (test t de Student, p≤0.05, d de Cohen), sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Sin embargo, en comparación con las normas, G1 mostró diferencias estadísticamente relevangtes en las variables: azul, violeta, amarillo, marrón, gris, Síndromes Estímulo e Incolor. Siendo posible señalar particularidades en las experiencias afectivas de los ancianos asociadas con la institucionalización. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/psychology , Projective Techniques , Affect , Socioeconomic Factors , Comparative Study
15.
Article in English | Index Psychology - journals, LILACS | ID: biblio-1154975

ABSTRACT

Abstract Incremental validity indicates how much a measure can add prevision to a criterion, more than what can be previewed by other sources of data. In other words, it means how an instrument can complement and aid on information comprehension derived from another. The objective of the study was to verify evidence of incremental validity between the Wartegg and the Rorschach tests (R-PAS). A total of 40 subjects with ages varying between 21 to 70 years participated, divided into two groups, one composed by schizophrenia diagnosis and another, by subjects with a history of psychiatric diseases. Everybody responded to the Rorschach and Wartegg tests. The results indicated predictive capacity among the instruments of 75% for the variable Formal Quality, 98% for Movement and 100% for Content. New studies are suggested about validity evidences with larger samples as well as the analysis of other variables, not explored in this study.


Resumo Validade incremental diz respeito ao quanto uma medida pode adicionar à previsão de um critério, acima do que pode ser previsto por outras fontes de dados, ou seja, de que forma um instrumento pode complementar e auxiliar na compreensão de informações obtidas por outro. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar evidências de validade incremental entre o Teste de Wartegg e o Rorschach (R-PAS). Participaram 40 sujeitos, com idades entre 21 a 70 anos, divididos em dois grupos, um composto por pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e outro por sujeitos sem histórico de doença psiquiátrica. Todos responderam o Rorschach e o Teste de Wartegg. Os resultados indicaram capacidade preditiva entre os instrumentos de 75% para a variável Qualidade Formal, 98% para Movimento e 100% para Conteúdo. Sugere-se novos estudos acerca das evidências de validade, com amostras maiores e também análise de outras variáveis não exploradas no presente estudo.


Resumen Validad incremental dice respecto a lo cuanto una medida puede añadir a la previsión de un criterio, más de lo que puede ser previsto por otras fuentes de datos, o sea, de cual manera un instrumento puede complementar y auxiliar en la comprensión de informaciones obtenidas por otro. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la evidencia de validez incremental entre la Prueba de Wartegg y lo Rorschach (R-PAS). Participado 40 sujetos con edades entre 21 y 70 años, divididos en dos grupos, un compuesto por pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia y otro, por sujetos sin histórico de enfermedad psiquiátrica. Todos respondieron a lo Roraschach y a la Prueba de Wartegg. Los resultados indicaron capacidad predictiva entre los instrumentos de 75% para la variable Calidad formal, 98% para Movimiento y 100% para Contenido. Se sugieren nuevos estudios acerca de las evidencias de validad, con amuestras mayores y también análisis de otras variables no exploradas en el presente estudio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Schizophrenia , Complement System Proteins , Adaptation, Psychological , Mental Disorders , Movement
16.
Article in English | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1340288

ABSTRACT

Abstract Child sexual violence can cause serious damage to the psychosocial development of its victims. Assessments in this context require the use of several psychological tests with proven validity for this purpose. This study aimed to assess children victims of sexual violence using the Zulliger R-Optimized application. The sample consisted of 37 children of both sexes, aged from seven to 13 years old (M = 10.92), distributed in three groups: Sexual Violence Victims (SVV), Cancer Patients (CP) and the Non-Victim Group (NVG). The statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whiney and one-way ANOVA tests. The Zulliger variables concerning the clusters Interpersonal Relationship (GHR, PHR, GHR:PHR, p), Self-Image (MOR) and Processing (W:M) showed statistical differences when the SVV group was compared to the other groups. The Zulliger R-Optimized application shows promising results in assessing SVV children, indicating its usefulness for assessments in this context.


Resumo A violência sexual infantil pode gerar graves prejuízos para o desenvolvimento psicossocial de suas vítimas. As avaliações nesse contexto requerem o uso de vários testes psicológicos que possuem evidências de validade para este fim. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar crianças vítimas de violência sexual com o Zulliger aplicação R-Otimizada. A amostra consistiu em 37 crianças com idade entre 7 e 13 anos (M = 10,92), de ambos os sexos, distribuídas em três grupos: Vítimas de Violência Sexual (VVS), Pacientes com Câncer (PC) e Grupo de Não-Vítimas (GNV). Realizou-se tratamento estatístico por meio dos testes Mann-Whiney e Anova de uma via. Variáveis do Zulliger concernentes aos agrupamentos de Relacionamento Interpessoal (GHR, PHR, GHR:PHR, p), Autoimagem (MOR) e Processamento (W:M) apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quando o grupo VVS foi comparado aos outros grupos. O Zulliger aplicação R-Otimizada apresenta resultados promissores na avaliação de crianças VVS, indicando sua utilidade em avaliações desse contexto.


Resumen La violencia sexual infantil puede causar daños al desarrollo psicosocial de las víctimas. Evaluaciones en este contexto requieren uso de exámenes psicológicos que tienen evidencia de validez para este propósito. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar niños víctimas de violencia sexual con lo Zulliger aplicación R-Optimizada. La muestra consistió en 37 niños de 7 a 13 años (M = 10.92), ambos sexos, distribuidos en tres grupos: Víctimas de Violencia Sexual (VVS), Pacientes con Cáncer (PC) y Grupo de No-Víctimas (GNV). El tratamiento estadístico se realizó utilizando las pruebas de Mann-Whiney y Anova de una vía. Variables de Zulliger para las agrupaciones de Relaciones Interpersonales (GHR, PHR, GHR:PHR, p), Autoimagen (MOR) y Procesamiento (W:M) mostraron diferencias estadísticas cuando el grupo VVS se comparó con los otros grupos. Zulliger aplicación R-Optimizada muestra resultados prometedores en la evaluación de niños VVS que indican su usabilidad en las evaluaciones en este contexto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Perceptual Distortion , Psychological Tests , Sex Offenses , Child Abuse , Analysis of Variance , Projective Techniques , Neoplasms
17.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 10(1)2020 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31906380

ABSTRACT

Many studies have shown connections between perfectionism, motivation, and anxiety disorders (AD), as well as essential hypertension (EH). The objective of this study is to examine the connections between motivation and the structure of perfectionism in AD patients and EH patients compared to healthy individuals. Projective and semi-projective tests (thematic apperception test (TAT) of Heckhausen, Multi-Motive Grid) were used to measure motivation, while a perfectionism questionnaire by Hewitt and Flett was used to determine perfectionism levels. The participants were 21 AD patients, 21 EH patients, and 33 healthy individuals. EH patients show higher level of other-oriented perfectionism, and AD patients demonstrate increased levels of self-oriented perfectionism compared to the healthy group. Both groups of patients are motivated by fear of failure rather than hope for success, and they also demonstrate an increased fear of rejection. AD patients have an increased fear of power of other people. In EH patients, the fear of power seems to play a significant role as it correlates with many other variables. In EH patients, the other-oriented perfectionism is connected to achievement motivation, whereas in AD patients the same is true for socially prescribed perfectionism. Overall, studying motivation and perfectionism in relation to various disorders seems to offer research prospects.

18.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1155095

ABSTRACT

Abstract Although the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is popular in Brazil, showing evidences of its validity remains a challenge. In the present article, we discuss such issue by analyzing the definition of the TAT as a projective method and a psychological test, its use by different theoretical traditions, relations between nomothetic and idiographic analysis levels, limitations of Classical Test Theory for evaluating the instrument's properties, and challenges regarding research and practice with the instrument in Brazil. We advocate that overcoming a traditional view of projective techniques, using multidimensional methods and performing wider empirical studies on norms and validation evidences with multicenter databases may allow more secure and informed practices with the instrument among researchers and practitioners in the country.


Resumo Apesar da popularidade do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) no Brasil, a demonstração de evidências de sua validade ainda permanece um desafio. No presente artigo, discutimos essa questão problematizando a definição do TAT como método projetivo e teste psicológico, abordando seu uso por diferentes correntes teóricas, relações entre os níveis nomotético e idiográfico de análise, limitações da Teoria Clássica dos Testes para avaliar suas propriedades, bem como os desafios na pesquisa e prática com o instrumento no país. Defendemos que superar a visão tradicional sobre as técnicas projetivas, utilizar métodos multidimensionais e realizar estudos empíricos mais amplos (sejam normativos ou de validação, usando bancos de dados multicêntricos) pode assegurar práticas melhor informadas com o instrumento para pesquisadores e profissionais.

19.
Article in English | Index Psychology - journals, LILACS | ID: biblio-1135438

ABSTRACT

Abstract Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in the world with more than 300 million diagnoses. Studies on the contributions that instruments offer in understanding the functioning of depressive patients are necessary. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the frequency of codes related to depression in Zulliger R-optimized application in a group of depressive individuals with non-clinical group. The study included 86 participants, 43 depressive patients and 43 non-clinical patients. The Escala Baptista de Depressão (EBADEP-A) was used to identify depressive symptoms in the clinical group and Zulliger was administered with R-optimized application. To compare the groups, the t-test and magnitude of differences (d) were used. The results showed differences between groups in the variables Mixed Determinants, Sum of achromatic color responses, pure color responses (C), Mor and AG. We understood that Zulliger R-optimized application may be useful in understanding the functioning of the depressive subject.


Resumo A depressão é um dos transtornos mentais mais prevalentes no mundo com mais de 300 milhões de diagnósticos. Estudos sobre as contribuições que instrumentos oferecem na compreensão do funcionamento de pacientes depressivos são necessários. Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar a frequência dos códigos relacionados à depressão no Zulliger aplicação R-otimizado em um grupo de depressivos com grupo não clínico. O estudo contou com 86 participantes, 43 pacientes depressivos e 43 não clínico. Foi utilizada a Escala Baptista de Depressão (EBADEP-A) para rastrear sintomas depressivos no grupo clínico e o Zulliger foi administrado com aplicação R-otimizada. Para comparar os grupos foi utilizado o teste t e magnitude das diferenças (d). Os resultados demonstraram diferenças entre grupos nas variáveis Determinantes Mistos, Soma de respostas de cor acromática, respostas de cor pura (C), Mor e AG. Entende-se que Zulliger aplicação R-otimizado pode ser útil na compreensão do funcionamento do sujeito depressivo.


Resumen La depresión es uno de los trastornos mentales más frecuentes en el mundo y actualmente cuenta con más de 300 millones de diagnósticos. Se necesitan estudios sobre las contribuciones de los instrumentos para comprender el funcionamiento de los pacientes deprimidos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la frecuencia de los códigos relacionados con la depresión en la aplicación R-optimizada en Zulliger entre un grupo de deprimidos y un grupo no clínico. En el estudio participaron 86 personas, de las cuales 43 eran pacientes deprimidos y 43 pacientes no clínicos. La Escala Baptista de Depresión (EBADEP-A) se usó para rastrear los síntomas depresivos en el grupo clínico y el Zulliger se administró con la aplicación R-optimizada. Se utilizaron la prueba t y la magnitud de las diferencias (d) en la comparación entre grupos. Los resultados apuntaron diferencias entre los grupos en las variables Determinantes mixtos, Suma de respuestas de color acromática, respuestas de color puro (C), Mor y AG. La aplicación R-optimizada en Zulliger puede ser útil para comprender el funcionamiento del sujeto deprimido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Projective Techniques , Richter Scale , Civil Codes , Comprehension , Depression , Diagnosis , Mental Disorders
20.
Meat Sci ; 155: 91-101, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31102992

ABSTRACT

This study investigated possible relationships between the consumer's concern about their own health and their perception of frankfurter sausages incorporated with functional ingredients. A 5-step online questionnaire was applied as follows: identification and recruitment; application of the completion test; the shopping list technique (to determine the consumers' impressions about food incorporated with dietary fibre and omega-3 fatty acids); attitudinal issues; socioeconomic matters. The addition of dietary fibre and omega-3 to the frankfurters provided predominantly positive associations. Consumers perceived the neutral shopping list as having been written by individuals who are unconcerned with healthy eating habits and/or have allegedly normal eating habits while the healthy shopping list was perceived as having been written by an individual with healthy eating habits/lifestyle, who is concerned about his/her weight. The predominantly positive attitude towards added dietary fibre and omega-3 to frankfurters and the consumers' perception of these functional ingredients show that formulating meat products with both ingredients may be successful for the consumer's market.


Subject(s)
Consumer Behavior , Dietary Fiber , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Meat Products , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Female , Functional Food , Health Behavior , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
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