Evaluation of radical scavenging activity, intestinal cell viability and antifungal activity of Brazilian propolis by-product.

Propolis is a natural adhesive resinous compound produced by honeybees to protect hives from bacteria and fungi, being extremely expensive for food industry. During propolis production, a resinous by-product is formed. This resinous waste is currently undervalued and underexploited. Accordingly, in this study the proximate physical and chemical quality, as well as the antioxidant activity, radical scavenging activity and cell viability of this by-product were evaluated and compared with propolis in order to boost new applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The results revealed that the by-product meets the physical and chemical quality standards expected and showed that the propolis waste contains similar amounts of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) to propolis. Also, a good scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) determined by the assays of superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxyl radical (ROO) were determined. Linear positive correlations were established between the TPC of both samples and the antioxidant activity evaluated by three different methods (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays). The extracts were also screened for cell viability assays in two different intestinal cell lines (HT29-MTX and Caco-2), showing a viability concentration-dependent. Similarly, the Artemia salina assay, used to assess toxicity, demonstrated the concentration influence on results. Finally, the antifungal activity against ATCC species of Candida was demonstrated. These results suggest that propolis by-product can be used as a new rich source of bioactive compounds for different areas, such as food or pharmaceutical.

Nanostructured lipid systems modified with waste material of propolis for wound healing: Design, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Propolis, a natural compound that can accelerate the wound healing process, is mainly used as ethanolic extract. The extractive solution may also be obtained from the propolis by-product (BP), transforming this waste material into a pharmaceutical active ingredient. Even if propolis does not show toxicity, when used as an extract over harmed skin or mucosa, the present ethanol content may be harmful to the tissue recovering, besides hindering the drug release. This study describes the development of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) as topical propolis delivery systems and the investigation of their in vitro and in vivo activities. The extracts were evaluated to guarantee their quality, and the lipid dispersions were characterized with respect to morphology (cryo-TEM), size and diffractometry (X-ray) properties. The occlusive capacity of formulations was also evaluated by an in vitro technique, which determines the occlusion factor. The drug entrapment efficiency (EE), as well as the in vitro drug release profile from the nanoparticulate systems was investigated as well. The size analysis performed through 90days was favorable to a topical administration and the polydispersity index, though not ideal in all cases due to the high content of resins and gums from the extracts, were relatively stable for the SLN. The propolis extract contributes to the occlusive potential of the formulations. The human immortalized keratinocytes presented good cell viability when tested with both extracts (propolis and BP) freely or entrapped in the systems. SLN modified with propolis material provided an acceleration of the in vivo wound healing process.

Propolis residue inclusion in the diet affects digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens / A inclusão do resíduo da própolis na dieta afeta a atividade de enzimas digestivas em frangos de corte

This study investigated the effects of the inclusion of solid propolis residue (PR) from alcoholic propolis extraction in the diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 21-d of age on their performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity. 405 male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (inclusion of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% PR in the diets), and three replications with 27 birds each. The birds were fed experimental diets from 1 to 21-d of age and basal diet from 22 to 42-d of age. Feed intake (from 1 to 21-d and 1 to 42-d of age) decreased linearly with increasing levels of PR inclusion (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of PR did not affect intestinal morphology at 7 and 21-d of age (P > 0.05). Pancreatic amylase activity presented a quadratic response at 7 and 21-d of age, with its lowest activity estimated at 2.45 and 1.91% PR inclusion, respectively. At 7-d of age, trypsin activity decreased linearly, whereas chymotrypsin activity varied quadratically, with its activity estimated at 2.06% PR inclusion. Intestinal maltase activity varied quadratically with lowest activity predicted at 1.57% PR inclusion at 21-d of age. The dietary inclusion of solid propolis residue of propolis decreases feed intake in broilers and modulates their intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activity.(AU)

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da inclusão do resíduo sólido da extração alcoólica da própolis (PR) em dietas de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade no desempenho, morfologia intestinal e atividade de enzimas digestivas. 405 frangos machos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (inclusão de 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4% de PR na ração), e três repetições com 27 aves cada. As aves receberam as dietas experimentais de 1 a 21 dias de idade e dieta basal de 22 a 42 dias de idade. O consumo de ração (1 a 21 dias e 1 a 42 dias) diminuiu linearmente com o aumento de inclusão de PR (P < 0,05). A inclusão de PR não afetou a morfometria intestinal aos 7 e 21 dias de idade (P > 0.05). A atividade da amilase pancreática apresentou resposta quadrática aos 7 e 21 dias de idade (P < 0,05), com menores atividades estimadas ao nível de 2,45 e 1,91% de inclusão de PR, respectivamente. Aos 7 dias de idade, a atividade da tripsina diminuiu linearmente, enquanto a atividade da quimiotripsina variou quadraticamente, com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 2,06% de PR. A atividade da maltase intestinal variou quadraticamente com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 1,57% de inclusão de PR aos 21 dias. A inclusão do resíduo sólido da própolis na dieta de frangos de corte diminui o consumo de ração e modula a atividade das enzimas digestivas intestinais e pancreáticas.(AU)

Propolis residue inclusion in the diet affects digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens / A inclusão do resíduo da própolis na dieta afeta a atividade de enzimas digestivas em frangos de corte

This study investigated the effects of the inclusion of solid propolis residue (PR) from alcoholic propolis extraction in the diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 21-d of age on their performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity. 405 male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (inclusion of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% PR in the diets), and three replications with 27 birds each. The birds were fed experimental diets from 1 to 21-d of age and basal diet from 22 to 42-d of age. Feed intake (from 1 to 21-d and 1 to 42-d of age) decreased linearly with increasing levels of PR inclusion (P 0.05). Dietary inclusion of PR did not affect intestinal morphology at 7 and 21-d of age (P > 0.05). Pancreatic amylase activity presented a quadratic response at 7 and 21-d of age, with its lowest activity estimated at 2.45 and 1.91% PR inclusion, respectively. At 7-d of age, trypsin activity decreased linearly, whereas chymotrypsin activity varied quadratically, with its activity estimated at 2.06% PR inclusion. Intestinal maltase activity varied quadratically with lowest activity predicted at 1.57% PR inclusion at 21-d of age. The dietary inclusion of solid propolis residue of propolis decreases feed intake in broilers and modulates their intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activity.

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da inclusão do resíduo sólido da extração alcoólica da própolis (PR) em dietas de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade no desempenho, morfologia intestinal e atividade de enzimas digestivas. 405 frangos machos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (inclusão de 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4% de PR na ração), e três repetições com 27 aves cada. As aves receberam as dietas experimentais de 1 a 21 dias de idade e dieta basal de 22 a 42 dias de idade. O consumo de ração (1 a 21 dias e 1 a 42 dias) diminuiu linearmente com o aumento de inclusão de PR (P 0,05). A inclusão de PR não afetou a morfometria intestinal aos 7 e 21 dias de idade (P > 0.05). A atividade da amilase pancreática apresentou resposta quadrática aos 7 e 21 dias de idade (P 0,05), com menores atividades estimadas ao nível de 2,45 e 1,91% de inclusão de PR, respectivamente. Aos 7 dias de idade, a atividade da tripsina diminuiu linearmente, enquanto a atividade da quimiotripsina variou quadraticamente, com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 2,06% de PR. A atividade da maltase intestinal variou quadraticamente com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 1,57% de inclusão de PR aos 21 dias. A inclusão do resíduo sólido da própolis na dieta de frangos de corte diminui o consumo de ração e modula a atividade das enzimas digestivas int

Propolis residue inclusion in the diet affects digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens / A inclusão do resíduo da própolis na dieta afeta a atividade de enzimas digestivas em frangos de corte

This study investigated the effects of the inclusion of solid propolis residue (PR) from alcoholic propolis extraction in the diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 21-d of age on their performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity. 405 male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (inclusion of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% PR in the diets), and three replications with 27 birds each. The birds were fed experimental diets from 1 to 21-d of age and basal diet from 22 to 42-d of age. Feed intake (from 1 to 21-d and 1 to 42-d of age) decreased linearly with increasing levels of PR inclusion (P 0.05). Pancreatic amylase activity presented a quadratic response at 7 and 21-d of age, with its lowest activity estimated at 2.45 and 1.91% PR inclusion, respectively. At 7-d of age, trypsin activity decreased linearly, whereas chymotrypsin activity varied quadratically, with its activity estimated at 2.06% PR inclusion. Intestinal maltase activity varied quadratically with lowest activity predicted at 1.57% PR inclusion at 21-d of age. The dietary inclusion of solid propolis residue of propolis decreases feed intake in broilers and modulates their intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activity.

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da inclusão do resíduo sólido da extração alcoólica da própolis (PR) em dietas de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade no desempenho, morfologia intestinal e atividade de enzimas digestivas. 405 frangos machos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (inclusão de 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4% de PR na ração), e três repetições com 27 aves cada. As aves receberam as dietas experimentais de 1 a 21 dias de idade e dieta basal de 22 a 42 dias de idade. O consumo de ração (1 a 21 dias e 1 a 42 dias) diminuiu linearmente com o aumento de inclusão de PR (P 0.05). A atividade da amilase pancreática apresentou resposta quadrática aos 7 e 21 dias de idade (P < 0,05), com menores atividades estimadas ao nível de 2,45 e 1,91% de inclusão de PR, respectivamente. Aos 7 dias de idade, a atividade da tripsina diminuiu linearmente, enquanto a atividade da quimiotripsina variou quadraticamente, com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 2,06% de PR. A atividade da maltase intestinal variou quadraticamente com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 1,57% de inclusão de PR aos 21 dias. A inclusão do resíduo sólido da própolis na dieta de frangos de corte diminui o consumo de ração e modula a atividade das enzimas digestivas intestinais e pancreáticas.

Propolis residue inclusion in the diet affects digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens / A inclusão do resíduo da própolis na dieta afeta a atividade de enzimas digestivas em frangos de corte

This study investigated the effects of the inclusion of solid propolis residue (PR) from alcoholic propolis extraction in the diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 21-d of age on their performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity. 405 male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (inclusion of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% PR in the diets), and three replications with 27 birds each. The birds were fed experimental diets from 1 to 21-d of age and basal diet from 22 to 42-d of age. Feed intake (from 1 to 21-d and 1 to 42-d of age) decreased linearly with increasing levels of PR inclusion (P 0.05). Dietary inclusion of PR did not affect intestinal morphology at 7 and 21-d of age (P > 0.05). Pancreatic amylase activity presented a quadratic response at 7 and 21-d of age, with its lowest activity estimated at 2.45 and 1.91% PR inclusion, respectively. At 7-d of age, trypsin activity decreased linearly, whereas chymotrypsin activity varied quadratically, with its activity estimated at 2.06% PR inclusion. Intestinal maltase activity varied quadratically with lowest activity predicted at 1.57% PR inclusion at 21-d of age. The dietary inclusion of solid propolis residue of propolis decreases feed intake in broilers and modulates their intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activity.

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da inclusão do resíduo sólido da extração alcoólica da própolis (PR) em dietas de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade no desempenho, morfologia intestinal e atividade de enzimas digestivas. 405 frangos machos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (inclusão de 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4% de PR na ração), e três repetições com 27 aves cada. As aves receberam as dietas experimentais de 1 a 21 dias de idade e dieta basal de 22 a 42 dias de idade. O consumo de ração (1 a 21 dias e 1 a 42 dias) diminuiu linearmente com o aumento de inclusão de PR (P 0,05). A inclusão de PR não afetou a morfometria intestinal aos 7 e 21 dias de idade (P > 0.05). A atividade da amilase pancreática apresentou resposta quadrática aos 7 e 21 dias de idade (P 0,05), com menores atividades estimadas ao nível de 2,45 e 1,91% de inclusão de PR, respectivamente. Aos 7 dias de idade, a atividade da tripsina diminuiu linearmente, enquanto a atividade da quimiotripsina variou quadraticamente, com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 2,06% de PR. A atividade da maltase intestinal variou quadraticamente com menor atividade estimada com inclusão de 1,57% de inclusão de PR aos 21 dias. A inclusão do resíduo sólido da própolis na dieta de frangos de corte diminui o consumo de ração e modula a atividade das enzimas digestivas int