ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the mechanisms, risk factors, evaluation and current management options for iatrogenic lower urinary tract stenosis, including urethral stricture and bladder neck contracture, caused by surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RECENT FINDINGS: The incidence of iatrogenic stenosis following endoscopic BPH surgery ranges from 0 to 9.7%. New endoscopic techniques and technologies for treating BPH do not appear to substantially mitigate this risk. However, new advances in our understanding of urethral sphincter anatomy combined with both innovative open urethroplasty techniques and utilization of robotic surgery for bladder neck reconstruction, offer promise in improving treatment outcomes for this patient population. Treating patient with stenosis following BPH-related surgery can be challenging, especially in patients with recurrent disease. Optimizing outcomes and patient satisfaction relies on performing a thorough work-up and openly discussing treatment choices, risks and postoperative expectations with patients. Future research and emerging technology in both endoscopic BPH treatment surgical options and management of postoperative stenosis is critical to continuing to improve patient care.
Subject(s)
Prostatic Hyperplasia , Urethral Stricture , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction , Constriction, Pathologic , Humans , Male , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Urethral Stricture/etiology , Urethral Stricture/surgery , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/surgeryABSTRACT
Introdução: o tratamento cirúrgico da hiperplasia benigna da próstata inclui a ressecção transuretral e a prostatectomia suprapúbica, dependendo do volume prostático. O acesso videolaparoscópico criou alternativa minimamente invasiva à prosatatectomia suprapúbica convencional. Objetivo: avaliar a viabilidade da técnica aberta por via laparoscópica. Pacientes e métodos: entre junho de 2006 e outubro de 2009, 15 pacientes foram submetidos à prostatectomia retropúbica videolaparoscópica no tratamento da hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). O acesso videolaparoscópico foi utilizado como alternativa minimamenteinvasiva à adenomectomia aberta. Foram avaliadas as características dos pacientes, o volume prostático e as complicações no per e pós-operatórios imediato e tardio. Resultados: a idade média foi de 68 anos (62-75 anos); o peso prostático médio foi de 123 gramas (70-190 gramas); o tempo cirúrgico variou de 120 minutos a 220 minutos. A perda de sangue estimada foi de 450 mL na média, sendo necessária transfusão em apenas um paciente. A permanência hospitalar média foi de três dias. O tempo com sonda vesical de demora foi de seis dias; e o tempo de irrigação vesical de um dia em todos os pacientes. O estudoanatomopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de HPB em todos os casos. Nas complicações pós-operatórias, um paciente apresentou infecção superficial da ferida operatória, com boa resposta à antibioticoterapia. Conclusões: a prostatectomia retropúbica laparoscópica parece ser procedimento seguro, que permite reproduzir os princípios da cirurgia aberta. Neste trabalho observou-se baixa taxa de complicações, similar à da literatura.
Introduction: The surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia includes transurethral resection and suprapubic prostatectomy depending on prostate volume. The laparoscopic access creates a minimally invasive alternative to conventional suprapubic prostatectomy. Objective: to assess the feasibility of the open laparoscopic technique. Patients and methods: Between June 2006 and October 2009, 15 patients underwent laparoscopic retropubic prostatectomy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Laparoscopic access was used as a minimally invasive alternative to open adenomectomy. Patient characteristics and prostate volume were assessed, as well as complications in the early and late perioperative and postoperative stages. Results: Mean age was 68 years (62-75 years), mean prostate weight 123 grams (70-190 grams). Time of surgery ranged from 120 to 220 minutes. Mean estimated blood loss was 450 mL and transfusion was required for one patient. Mean hospital stay was three days. Time with indwelling catheter was six days and time of bladder irrigation was of one day for all patients. Anatomicopathological studies confirmed the diagnosis of BPH in all cases.Among postoperative complications, one patient had a superficial surgical wound infection, which responded well to antibiotic therapy. Conclusions:Laparoscopic retropubic prostatectomy appears to be a safe procedure that reproduces the principles of open surgery. In this study we observed a low rate of complications, similar to previous studies.
