Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Working in Mental Health Facilities in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: There is a global demand for more psychiatric nurses, with nursing students' attitudes toward mental illness and working in mental health facilities playing a pivotal role in their career choices. This study aims to evaluate attitudes toward working in mental health facilities among undergraduate nursing students in Saudi Arabia, both before and after exposure to psychiatry courses, and examine their relationship with perceptions of mental illness. (2) Methods: A quantitative descriptive and correlational cross-sectional design was employed. Nursing students' attitudes toward working in mental health facilities were assessed using the Attitude Toward Psychiatry 18 (ATP-18) questionnaire and the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness (BMI) scale. (3) Results: No significant relationship has been found between the frequency of negative views of both ATP-18 and BMI, and exposure to the psychiatry course. However, nurses who completed the psychiatry course held more positive views towards psychiatrists and found psychiatric patients less demanding, were less likely to view psychological disorders as dangerous, more confident in trusting mentally ill colleagues, and felt less embarrassed by the term "psychological disorder" compared to those who had not taken the course. (4) Conclusion: Based on our findings, it is evident that exposure to psychiatric courses and training enhances the potential of nursing students to contribute effectively to the psychiatric field. Therefore, integrating mental health and illness community services training into nursing education programs can play a pivotal role in raising awareness and attracting students who may hold negative attitudes towards individuals with mental illness.

Clarification of Psychiatric Nurses' Intentions and Analysis Contents in Observing Schizophrenia Patient.

The purpose of this study was to clarify what psychiatric nurses intended to observe when observing schizophrenia patient and what they analyzed from their observations. Twenty-one experienced nurses were included in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and content analysis was conducted. The results were as follows:Nurses' intentions in observing patient were [Observation of psychiatric symptoms], [Observation of normality or abnormality], [Possibility of self-harm or harming others], [Side effects of antipsychotics], [Degree of communication disorder], [Degree of self-care], [Observation of nutritional status], [Effects of external stimuli on patient], and [Less importance of observing doctor]. Nurses' analysis contents were [Analysis of psychiatric symptoms], [No risk of self-harm or harming others], [Effects of antipsychotics], [Presence of communication disorder], [Lack of trust in doctor], [Problems in daily life], [Consideration of future nursing intervention], [Assessment of normality or abnormality], [Unhealthy physical state], and [Unnecessary analysis]. The results of this study revealed the nurses' observational process. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 54-61, February, 2024.

The effectiveness of Balint group work on the quality of work life, resilience, and nurse-patient communication skills among psychiatric nurses: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Balint group training has gained popularity in medical practices as an intervention designed to enhance the quality of life, well-being, and communication skills of healthcare practitioners. Psychiatric nurses, in particular, encounter distinct challenges and stressors inherent in their profession, necessitating the development and implementation of effective interventions to assist them in coping with the difficulties they experience. In this vein, the current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Balint group training on quality of work life, resilience, and nurse-patient communication skills among psychiatric nurses. Methods: Thirty psychiatric nurses from Razi Hospital in Tehran were recruited via the purposeful sampling method in 2022 and were randomly assigned to either the Balint group, consisting of eight weekly one-hour training sessions, or a control group. Participants completed the Walton Quality of Work Life Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Communication Skills Scale before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The study found no significant differences between the Balint group and the control group in terms of quality of work life, resilience, and nurse-patient communication skills. Conclusion: Findings suggest that Balint group training was not an effective intervention for improving the well-being and communication skills of psychiatric nurses. However, the study highlights the need for further investigation into the potential factors that may explain the lack of significant gains and offers insights for future research in this area.

'On the slope of an erupting volcano': A qualitative study on the workplace violence experiences of psychiatric nurses.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Workplace violence is common in healthcare. Workplace violence remains a complex and serious occupational hazard in healthcare. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Since there is no study examining detailed explanations of experiences and perspectives of workplace violence among psychiatric nurses, this study will act as a guide for psychiatric nurses. This study provides information about how psychiatric nurses evaluate the concept of workplace violence from their perspective, what it means to them and the effects of workplace violence. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Considering the effects of workplace violence, a preventive, systematic and holistic approach should be used in psychiatry and community mental health centres. Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Workplace violence is common in healthcare and remains a complex and serious occupational hazard. AIM: This research was conducted to assess the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses. METHOD: This study was a qualitative study conducted using a grounded theory approach method. The study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. The purposeful sampling method was used, and 11 psychiatric nurses were interviewed. Data were collected with an information form and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analysed using content analysis, and themes were created. FINDINGS: The ages of the psychiatric nurses ranged from 38 to 57 years. Themes and sub-themes related to the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses included the way of violence (rising tension, eruption of the volcano, unintentional violence and turning to ash) and empowerment (ash cloud and ring of fire). CONCLUSION: Psychiatric nurses stated that they were exposed to verbal and physical violence for many reasons, that this situation seriously affected their physical, mental and social health and that in addition to the devastating effects of violence, they became stronger by developing various skills to protect against violence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. Strategies can be developed to include psychiatric nurses in occupational health nursing courses.

Relationship between emotional intelligence and job stressors of psychiatric nurses: A multi-centre cross-sectional study.

AIM: To investigate the impact of socio-demographic factors and job stressors on the emotional intelligence of psychiatric nurses. BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in enabling nurses to effectively manage their own emotions, comprehend the emotions of others and assist individuals in dealing with diverse stressors. Nevertheless, a comprehensive conceptualization of the relationship between job stressors and emotional intelligence remains lacking. DESIGN: This study employs a multi-centre cross-sectional design. METHODS: A multi-centre cross-sectional survey involving 1083 registered nurses from 11 psychiatric hospitals across four provinces in China was conducted. Non-probability sampling was utilised. The survey encompassed assessments of nurse job stressors, emotional intelligence using a scale and socio-demographic characteristics using a questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model was applied to identify significant variables associated with emotional intelligence based on demographic attributes and various nurse job stressors. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist. RESULTS: The findings revealed a noteworthy negative correlation between nurse job stressors and emotional intelligence. Socio-demographic factors and job stressors of certain nurses were able to predict emotional intelligence and its dimensions among psychiatric nurses, with percentages of 44.50%, 40.10%, 36.40%, 36.60% and 34.60%. CONCLUSION: Providing emotional intelligence training for psychiatric nurses could enhance their capacity to cope effectively with workplace stress, particularly among younger nurses who engage in limited physical activities. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and nurse job stressors could facilitate early detection and intervention by managers based on pertinent factors. This, in turn, could elevate the emotional intelligence level of psychiatric nurses. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study did not recruit participants, so details of participants were not be involved.

Evaluation of cognitive insight, social functionality, and coping attitudes of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia being followed-up in a community mental health center.

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the cognitive insight, social functionality, and coping attitudes of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia being followed-up in a Community Mental Health Center (CMHC). DESIGN AND METHODS: The population of this descriptive and relationship-seeking study comprised 170 schizophrenia patients followed-up in the CMHC. Study data were collected using the Information Form, the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), the Social Functioning Assessment Scale (SFAS), and the Coping Orientation of Problem Experience (COPE). FINDINGS: A moderately significant positive correlation between cognitive insight and social functionality was determined. It was found that participants with high cognitive insight and social functionality used more problem- and emotion-focused coping methods. APPLICATION IMPLICATIONS: It is thought that practices that improve cognitive insight and social functionality will contribute to the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia by supporting their coping skills.

Positive affect and job performance in psychiatric nurses: A moderated mediation analysis.

AIMS: The aims of this research were (a) to determine if job satisfaction plays an intermediary role between positive affect and job performance; (b) to explore whether the mediating process of positive affect affecting job performance through job satisfaction is moderated by the work seniority of psychiatric nurses. DESIGN: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. METHODS: From January 2021 to May 2022, a total of 328 psychiatric nurses were recruited through online advertisements. Data regarding positive affect, job satisfaction, work seniority and job performance were obtained through survey questionnaires. The moderated mediation model was examined in this study utilizing the SPSS (Version 26.0) macro process 3.3, with job satisfaction as the mediation variable and work seniority as the moderation variable. RESULTS: Job performance and job satisfaction were both positively connected with positive affect, while job satisfaction was favourably correlated with job performance. Job satisfaction played a part mediating role between positive affect and job performance, with an effect value of 0.10, accounting for 22.22% of the total effect. And work seniority moderated the second half of the mediating process. CONCLUSION: Positive affect positively affected job performance through two paths, directly or indirectly. Part of the intermediate role of job satisfaction between positive affect and job performance is regulated by seniority; that is, work seniority buffered the positive effect of positive affect on job performance. IMPACT: This study revealed how positive affect works and elaborated the conditions to play a role, which greatly enriched the content of positive psychology and had important significance for deepening and expanding the relationship between positive affect and job performance. It also provided a reference for nursing managers to implement humanized management, build a high-performance psychiatric nurse team and promote the long-term development of psychiatric hospitals. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Three hundred and twenty-eight psychiatric nurses participated in the questionnaire. Trained staff were involved in data collection.

The Transtheoretical Model based psychoeducation's effect on healthy lifestyle behaviours in schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted with the pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial design to detect the psychoeducation's effect, based on the Transtheoretical Model, on the healthy lifestyle behaviours of individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS: The data were collected from 82 participants, as 41 intervention and 41 control. The data were collected via personal information form, behavioural change stage diagnosis form and healthy lifestyle scale II. 6-week psychoeducation, consisting of 6 modules, based on the Transtheoretical Model, was applied to the intervention group. No interventions were applied to the control group. Pretests and posttests were applied to both groups. RESULTS: When the healthy lifestyle scale II of intervention and control groups and final test results arranged according to ANCOVA analysis are compared, average final test results were meaningfully positive for the intervention group with taking control of the pretest and other covariants. When the pretest-posttest results in terms of behavioural change of the intervention group are evaluated; a meaningful difference among nutrition, physical exercises, spiritual self-improvement and stress management, which all are the stages of behavioural change, was detected. CONCLUSION: It was determined that psychoeducation on a healthy lifestyle, based on the Transtheoretical Model in an individual with schizophrenia affected physical exercises, spiritual self-improvement and interpersonal relationships sub-dimension in medium level, and had a drastic influence on health responsibility, nutrition, stress management sub-dimensions and all healthy lifestyle behaviours. Progress in behavioural change stages was detected. CLINICAL TRIALS ID: NCT05259748.

Psychological distress and its influencing factors among psychiatric nurses in China: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Psychiatric nurses often face abuse, attacks, escape, suicides, and other situations related to the care of patients with mental disorders, which are more likely to induce psychological distress. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between coping styles and psychological distress among Chinese psychiatric nurses in Shandong and the significance of sleep quality as a mediating factor. Methods: A total of 812 psychiatric nurses in Shandong, China, were investigated using the Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and self-compiled general information questionnaire. Results: Psychological distress was detected in 571 psychiatric nurses (70.3%). The psychological distress of psychiatric nurses was significantly different with respect to professional title (χ2 = 10.627, P < 0.05) and shift work (χ2 = 9.120, P < 0.01). Psychological distress positively correlated with negative coping style (r = 0.266, P < 0.01) and sleep quality (PSQIT) (r = 0.532, P < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between psychological distress and all dimensions of sleep quality (r = 0.158-0.456, P < 0.05). Professional title, positive coping style, negative coping style, sleep quality (PSQIT), subjective sleep quality, sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction predicted psychological distress in psychiatric nurses (R 2 = 0.363, F = 65.343, P < 0.01). The relationship between negative coping style and psychological distress was partially mediated by sleep quality, with the mediating effect accounting for 37.97% of the total effect. Conclusions: Psychiatric nurses have a high rate of psychological distress, which is closely related to coping styles, and sleep quality has a certain regulatory effect.

Job satisfaction and burnout of psychiatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China-the moderation of family support.

Purpose: The study aimed at investigating the state of psychiatric nurses' job satisfaction, job burnout, and the moderating effect of family support between them in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Online self-report questionnaires were distributed and 212 psychiatric nurses participated in the research. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis, and simple slope test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the status of their job satisfaction (53.67 ± 10.72) and burnout (33.62 ± 13.84) did not reach a satisfactory level and job satisfaction had a significant negative impact on job burnout. Meanwhile, family support played a negative moderating role between the two variables. Conclusion: Psychiatric nurses suffered from job burnout in China during the COVID-19. Family support could have a counterproductive effect when the nurses were experiencing decreasing job satisfaction. It gave suggestions to the medical institutions and the government to improve the psychological well-being of the psychiatric nurses and even of all the medical staff.

Psychometric analysis of Persian version of patient safety competency self-evaluation in psychiatric wards.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the patient safety competency is necessary for the growth of nursing and safe care profession as well as evaluation of the nurses' educational needs. The present study was conducted to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the patient safety competency self-evaluation (PSCSE) tool in Iranian psychiatric wards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All nurses (n = 209) working in two psychiatric hospitals of Kerman, Iran, were included in the present cross-sectional study using census method. This tool contains 41 items: six items are related to knowledge, 14 items deal with attitude, and 21 items are about skill dimension. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire including its content and face validity were also examined. The factor structure of the questionnaire was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The internal consistency and reliability were assessed by test-retest method with an interval of 14 days. Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlation were used to measure reliability. RESULTS: The content validity index was 0.65 and the content validity ratio was 0.89. Item 14 was removed from the skill domain because it was not related to the psychiatric ward. According to the results of factor analysis, there was a significant relationship between the questions and the relevant factors. The correlation coefficient for test-retest with 14 days interval was intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92 for the whole instrument and 0.89, 0.89, and 0.92 for the domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill, respectively. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the whole tool was 0.95 and 0.95, 0.79, and 0.95 for the domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill, respectively. Finally, PSCSE Questionnaire was obtained with 40 items in dimensions of knowledge (6 items), attitude (14 items), and skills (20 items). CONCLUSION: Persian version of the nurses' competency tool in ensuring patient safety in psychiatric wards has acceptable psychometric characteristics.

Distress, support and psychological resilience of psychiatric nurses as second victims after violence: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: The aim is to explore the impact of violence and psychological resilience on psychiatric nurses as second victims. BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is a public health concern, seriously influencing medical staff's physical and mental health. However, few pieces of research have concentrated on psychiatric nurses as second victims. METHOD: The socio-demographic data, violence-related data, psychological resilience scale, the Chinese version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool were applied to conduct a cross-sectional survey on nurses from psychiatric hospitals. The multiple linear regression model identified significant variables associated with violence-related injury and resilience. RESULTS: A total of 683 nurses completed the survey, of whom 88.3% were women. The average scores of the second victims' experience and support, support and distress were 3.45 ± 0.43, 3.71 ± 0.57 and 3.19 ± 0.67, respectively. Physical violence, psychological violence, psychological influence and nursing work environment were positively correlated with the experience and support of the second victims, and innocuous violence was a negative factor, which explains 20.6% of the variation. Moreover, physical injury, nursing work environment, resilience restructuring, physical violence, psychological violence, psychological impact and disagreement about the existence of violence explained 14.8% of the distress. The innocuous violence, psychological violence and nursing work environment explained 46.2% of the support. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that nurses who are second victims after the violence mainly suffer from severe psychological distress and receive the least support for the same. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The study provides clues to help nursing managers' emphasis on the distress and support of second victims and provides targeted intervention based on the relevant factors and these results. The article is a cross-sectional study of psychiatric nurses, which has been approved by the ethics committee of the hospital before the survey. All the nurses who participated in the survey have been informed and agreed.

Adaptation or Revolution: Telemental Health and Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nursing During COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: This article will describe the current COVID-19 crisis and the evolving mental health concerns associated with it, discuss how mental health practice has changed, and ways in which psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) can adapt and prepare for the future. METHOD: A search of current literature on the COVID-19 crisis, and topics relevant to the mental health components associated with the pandemic are reviewed. Telemental health (TMH) and PMHNP practice are discussed as they relate to the unfolding picture of the viral pandemic. RESULTS: The COVID-19 crisis is having far-reaching implications for mental health treatment and in particular for PMHNPs in practice settings. There have been widespread consequences of the containment measures used for the protection and mitigation of the disease. One such result has been the inability of patients to have face-to-face contact with their providers. The role of TMH has become increasingly important as an adaptation in professional practice. CONCLUSION: Technology has rapidly transformed traditional practice due to the COVID-19 crisis and there is strong evidence that it is well accepted by patients and providers. It is incumbent on PMHNPs to embrace TMH and become educated on best practices and TMH services.

Professional quality of life and psychological resilience among psychiatric nurses.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between professional quality of life and psychological resilience in psychiatric nurses in Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 psychiatric nurses in Turkey. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. FINDINGS: Correlations were observed between compassion satisfaction (CS) and burnout, CS and resilience, and in burnout and compassion fatigue (CF). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Actions to improve resilience, prevent burnout, and reduce CF should be implemented.

The impact of the second victim's experience and support on the career success of psychiatric nurses: The mediating effect of psychological resilience.

AIMS: We explored the mediating role of psychological resilience in the experience and support of psychiatric nurses as the second victims and their career success. BACKGROUND: Psychiatric nurses, as the primary victims of workplace violence, experience physical and psychological distress, which leads to high resignation rate and job burnout. However, not much is known about the mediating role of psychological resilience between the second victims of workplace violence and their career success. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 683 psychiatric nurses. The participants were scored according to the Chinese career success scale, Chinese version of the psychological resilience scale for nurses and Chinese version of the second victim experience and support tool. The t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the factors affecting career success. RESULTS: Career success scores differed among nurses of different ages having different employment forms, role and working years (p < .05). Mediating effect analysis revealed that psychological resilience played a full mediating role in the experience and support of second victims and their career success. CONCLUSION: Psychological resilience-based interventions should be developed to improve the psychological adjustment ability of psychiatric nurses and to strengthen their career success. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing managers should create more opportunities and a harmonious working environment and enhance the management system for dealing with workplace violence.

Multidisciplinary team members' perceptions regarding advanced psychiatric nurses' attitudes on mental healthcare.

BACKGROUND: The attitudes of advanced psychiatric nurses significantly contribute to the management, treatment plan and care of the mental healthcare users, and resultantly affects the quality and standards of mental healthcare. Considering these effects, it is imperative to understand how the attitudes of advanced psychiatric nurses are perceived by other multidisciplinary team members. AIM: To describe the perceptions of the multidisciplinary team members regarding advanced psychiatric nurses' attitudes in clinical practice. SETTING: Three mental health institutions were utilised to obtain the perceptions related to the attitudes displayed by advanced psychiatric nurses in the clinical environment. METHOD: A qualitative research descriptive approach was adopted to obtain in-depth descriptions of the attitudes portrayed by advanced psychiatric nurses. Eight purposefully sampled multidisciplinary team members were interviewed to obtain information. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Themes and sub-themes emerged. Mental healthcare providers exhibited both negative and positive attitudes towards mental health patients. By perception, unfavorable attitudes hindered effective communication and psychosocial rehabilitation programs for mental health patients. Positivity enhanced feedback during ward rounds and during clinical meetings. CONCLUSION: Despite the positive impact advanced psychiatric nurses have on mental health care, views regarding mental health patients remain negative. It is recommended that advanced psychiatric nursing education curriculum address negative attitudes, views, and stereotypes. Mental healthcare users need to be provided with psychosocial rehabilitation programs and activities that address advance psychiatric nurses' lack of initiatives. CONTRIBUTION: A clear set of principles and protocols underpins the collaborative effort among multidisciplinary teams in mental health care.

Nurses' experiences of the causes of their lack of interest in working in psychiatric wards: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The shortage of psychiatric nurses is a major healthcare challenge. Lack of interest (LOI) contributes to the shortage of psychiatric nurses. Nonetheless, there are limited studies in this area. The present study was conducted to explore nurses' experiences of the causes of their LOI in working in psychiatric wards. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in 2016-2019 using the content analysis approach. Participants were 27 nurses purposively recruited with maximum variation from the psychiatric wards of three referral hospitals in Iran. Data were collected via unstructured interviews and were concurrently analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach recommended by Graneheim and Lundman. RESULTS: The causes of participants' LOI in working in psychiatric wards were grouped into three main categories, namely inadequate professional skills for psychiatric care practice, negative public attitude towards psychiatric nurses, and concerns over patients. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the causes of nurses' LOI in working in psychiatric wards are not only personal, but also social and organizational. Findings help managers and authorities develop strategies to increase psychiatric nurses' interest in working in psychiatric wards through improving their work conditions and professional knowledge and skills.

Acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress and psychological flexibility of psychiatric nurses: a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Nursing in psychiatric wards is considered a highly stressful career due to the type of patients and the problem of communicating with them. Finding appropriate solutions to overcome this stress can improve the general health of nurses and improve their quality of work. The aim was to investigate the impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the perceived stress (PS) and psychological flexibility (PF) of nurses in psychiatric wards. METHODS: A total of 70 nurses of Razi Psychiatric Center of Tehran were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups of 35. In addition to routine interventions, the experimental group was provided with eight 2-h sessions of ACT training, whereas the control group only received routine interventions. Prior to the intervention sessions and a month after the last session, demographic information, PS scale, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (2nd Edition) were completed in both groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference regarding the PS level (P = 0.002) and PF (P = 0.001) in the control and experimental groups; the experimental group showed lower PS and higher PF. CONCLUSIONS: ACT can lead to reduced PS and improved PF, which can be considered as a solution to empower nurses working in psychiatric wards. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (clinical trial code: IRCT20180506039557N1 . Registered 2018-10-31. Retrospectively registered, https://en.irct.ir/trial/31040.

The relationship between sleep quality and psychological distress and job burnout among Chinese psychiatric nurses.

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the sleep quality of psychiatric nurses in China and explore the risk factors affecting it. This study used the stratified random sampling method. The general data questionnaire was conducted using the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sleep quality among 812 psychiatric nurses in China. There were statistically significant differences in sleep quality among different shift frequency. Surveys demonstrated that sleep quality among psychiatric nurses was positively correlated with psychological distress and job burnout. Multiple logistics regression analysis showed that high psychological distress (odds ratio, OR=0.907, p<0.001, 95% confidence interval, CI=0.885-0.931), high emotional exhaustion (OR=0.946, p<0.001, 95% CI=0.921-0.972), low depersonalization (OR=1.061, p=0.004, 95% CI=1.019-1.104), and low personal accomplishment (OR=0.972, p=0.018, 95% CI=0.949-0.995) were the contributing factors of sleep quality. Future studies should investigate effective measures to relieve psychological distress and alleviate burnout, particularly for psychiatric nurses with poor sleep quality.

Effectiveness of a Sexual Health Care Training to Enhance Psychiatric Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Southern Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: Sexual health is a taboo issue in some societies. Limited assessments were conducted during nursing care in mental health services. It is unknown whether psychiatric nurses' competencies would be enhanced through short training courses. OBJECTIVE: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-hour sexual health care training for psychiatric nurses to improve sexual health knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in a teaching psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan. METHOD: Volunteered psychiatric nurses were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The 8-hour training program contained sexual health knowledge and attitudes, case discussion, role play, and sexual identity or harassment issues. Each nurse received a pretest and a posttest in the 1-month period between August and September 2019. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate the effects. RESULTS: Among the 75 psychiatric nurses, 43 were in the control group and 32 were in the experimental group. The two groups were not significantly different in the working year, gender, education, marriage, and other psychosocial variables. After the training, the overall performance of sexual health care knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of the experimental group improved significantly than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The sexual health care training program enhanced psychiatric nurses' confidence and generally improved their sexual knowledge and attitudes. It is suggested that sexual health care needs to be highlighted during in-job training to augment the well-being and life quality of psychiatric patients.