Percepción de componentes psicológicos de calidad de vida en adultos mayores del cantón Riobamba / Perception of psychological components of quality of life in older adults in the Riobamba canton

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un concepto amplio que comprende varias dimensiones. Los componentes psicológicos desempeñan un papel fundamental en la percepción general, principalmente en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de componentes psicológicos de calidad de vida en adultos mayores del cantón Riobamba. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación básica, con diseño no experimental, de campo, transversal y descriptiva que incluyó como población a 3794 adultos mayores residentes en el cantón Riobamba, provincia Chimborazo, Ecuador. La muestra quedó conformada por 696 personas distribuidas en dos grupos muestra: residentes en zona urbana y rural. Se aplicó el cuestionario empleado por el Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social del Ecuador para determinar la percepción de calidad de vida. Resultados: Hubo un promedio de edad de 67,87 años, predominio del sexo femenino (64,80 por ciento) y de nivel educacional de primaria (33,76 por ciento); solo el 13,08 por ciento refirió antecedentes de trastornos psicológicos con predominio del trastorno ansioso (56,04 por ciento), seguido de los cuadros depresivos (36,27 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios de percepción de componentes psicológicos de calidad de vida. Hubo resultados de satisfacciones frecuentes y siempre o casi siempre en la mayoría de los ítems tanto en la población rural como en la urbana(AU)

Introduction: Quality of life is a broad concept that includes several dimensions. Psychological components play a fundamental role in general perception, mainly in older adults. Objective: To describe the perception of psychological components of quality of life in older adults in the Riobamba canton. Methods: A basic research was carried out, with a non-experimental, field, cross-sectional and descriptive design that included a population of 3794 elderly residents in the Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador. The sample was made up of 696 people divided into two groups, a sample residing in urban and rural areas. The questionnaire used by the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion of Ecuador was used to determine the perception of quality of life. Results: average age of 67.87 years, predominance of the female sex (64.80%) and primary educational level (33.76 percent); only 13.0 percent reported a history of psychological disorders with a predominance of anxiety disorder (56.04 percent), followed by depressive symptoms (36.27 percent). Conclusions: Satisfactory results of perception of psychological components of quality of life were obtained. Frequent and always or almost always satisfaction was obtained in most of the items in both rural and urban populations(AU)

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Personalised Medicine: Opening the Debate.

Surgeons and cancer patients are starting to open the debate on how personalised medicine could use shared decision-making (SDM) to balance the personal and clinical components and thus improve the quality and value of care. Personalised precision medicine (PPM) has traditionally focused on the use of genomic information when prescribing treatments, which are usually pharmaceutical. However, the knowledge base is considerably scarcer in terms of how clinicians can individualise the information they provide patients about the consequences of different treatments, and in doing so involve them in the decision-making process. To achieve this, the ethical implications of SDM must be addressed from both sides. This paper explores the medical characteristics, the SDM implications in severe and fragile patients, potential risks, and observed benefits within this healthcare approach through four clinical cases. Findings shed light on current needs for clinician and patient training and tools related to SDM in PPM, and also remarks on the way in which this shift in healthcare settings is taking place to include the human component together with the biological and technological advances when designing care processes in colorectal cancer.

[The medical social characteristics and evaluation of life quality of patients with diseases of blood circulation system].

The increasing of longevity and quality of life and population health are considered as the most important component of human development index. The diseases of blood circulation system have leading rank in morbidity, disability and mortality of population of Russia representing one of the most actual problems of health care. The diseases of circulatory system negatively effect on physical and mental health, emotional conditions and social components of life activities. All the mentioned results related to cardiovascular diseases can be detected and measured through evaluation of indices of life quality of patients. In Russia, the directive documents and national programs concerning health care modernization were adopted to rectify the unfavorable medical demographic situation on national level through decreasing of mortality, morbidity and disability due to diseases of circulation system. The purpose of the study is to analyze social hygienic characteristic and life quality of patients with diseases of circulation system during 5 years prospective cross-sectional medical statistical study in the Nizhni Novgorod Oblast at the base of the "Specialized Cardio-surgery Clinical Hospital" of Nizhni Novgorod. The study included all patients with certain corresponding criteria of involvement being at hospital treatment in the pilot medical organization. The sampling included 420 patients. The life quality inventory SF-36 and questionnaire were applied to respondents during their first and control (5 years later) visits. The questionnaire covered social and working status, presence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The study demonstrated that among respondents made no control of cholesterol level 40.3%, arterial blood pressure - 16% that determines necessity of amelioration of sanitary education activities of population. The low level of income (less than 6000 rubles per one member of family) was marked by 42% of respondents. At that, 77% had financial problems with medications purchasing that testifies necessity in co-financing with the state. The results of the study testify the positive impact of implementation of target programs of prevention of cardiovascular diseases on the life quality of patients in the pilot subject of The Russian Federation. The original technique of sociological surveys and evaluation of life quality of patients can be applied at the regional level in development of managerial decision making.

Physical Exercise Training Improves Quality of Life in Healthy Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis.

The current meta-analysis first aimed to quantify the overall effect of physical exercise training on the quality of life (QoL) in healthy older adults. Second, the effects on the social, physical, and psychological QoL were assessed. In total, 16 randomized controlled trials were included. The primary analysis showed a medium effect of physical exercise training on QoL in healthy older adults (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.38, confidence interval, CI, [0.18, 0.59], p < .05). The secondary analyses showed a positive medium effect of physical exercise training on the physical component of QoL (SMD = 0.39, CI [0.17, 0.60], p < .05), and a positive medium effect of physical exercise training on the psychological component of QoL (SMD = 0.348, CI [0.125, 0.570], p < .05), and no significant effect of physical exercise training on the social component of QoL was observed (SMD = 0.16, CI [-0.07, 0.38], p = .17). These findings warrant implementation efforts pertaining to exercise training for older adults to improve the QoL in our aging societies.

Effectiveness of Tai chi exercise on overall quality of life and its physical and psychological components among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

With the aging of the world's population, the quality of life of older adults is becoming more important. There are many studies on the use of Tai chi exercise, a popular form of mind-body exercise practiced by older adults. However, the effectiveness of Tai chi exercise on the quality of life of older adults is unclear. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, six databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, CNKI) were searched in English and Chinese languages to screen for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT), and their risk of bias was assessed by two independent reviewers. The results of quality of life, physical component, and psychological component among older adults were meta-analyzed using RevMan5.3 software. The search retrieved 2577 records. After screening, a total of 10 RCTs were included in this evaluation, with a total of 1170 participants. The meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, Tai chi exercise had a significant impact on the overall quality of life (SMD=1.23; 95%CI: 0.56-1.98; P<0.0001), and on the physical component of quality of life (MD=5.90; 95%CI: 1.05-10.75; P=0.02), but no significant impact on the psychological component of quality of life. This study had high heterogeneity. The results of this study suggest the potential use of Tai chi exercise as an activity for increased quality of life in older adults. Future research may enhance experimental rigor and explore the rationale behind Tai chi exercise.

Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: a survey on subtypes, misdiagnoses, onset and associated psychological features.

INTRODUCTION: Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a neurological condition typically characterized by a sensation of motion, that persists longer than a month following exposure to passive motion (e.g., cruise, flight, etc.). The most common form of MdDS is motion triggered (MT). However, recently it has been acknowledged that some patients develop typical MdDS symptoms without an apparent motion trigger. These cases are identified here as spontaneous or other onset (SO) MdDS. This study aimed to address similarities and differences between the MdDS subtypes. Diagnostic procedures were compared and extensive diagnostic guidelines were proposed. Second, potential triggers and associated psychological components of MdDS were revealed. METHODS: This was a retrospective online survey study for MT and SO MdDS patients. Participants were required to respond to a set of comprehensive questions regarding epidemiological details, as well as the diagnostic procedures and onset triggers. RESULTS: There were 370 patients who participated in the surveys. It is indicated that MdDS is often misdiagnosed; more so for the SO group. In addition to the apparent self-motion, both groups reported associated levels of stress, anxiety and depression. DISCUSSION: It appears at present that both MdDS subtypes are still poorly recognised. This was the first attempt to evaluate the diagnostic differences between MdDS subtypes and to propose a set of comprehensive diagnostic guidelines for both MdDS subtypes. In addition, the current research addressed that associated symptoms such as stress, anxiety and depression should also be considered when treating patients. We hope this study will help the medical community to broaden their awareness and diagnostic knowledge of this condition.