Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Psychological Research: Exploring Data Trends & Researcher Opinions.

Psychology researchers have historically neglected variables related to sex, gender, and sexual orientation, leading to the erasure of sex, gender, and sexual orientation in research, which limits the generalizability of psychological findings. We argue that these important variables need to be considered more consistently by researchers across psychology subdisciplines. In Study 1 we found that 15.1% of a large MTurk sample (i.e., 8500+) identified as a sexual or gender minority (SGM; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer [LGBTQ+]). In addition, data from Study 1 showed that our youngest cohort (i.e., aged 18-25 years) reported significantly higher rates of LGBTQ+ identification (22.7%) than our oldest cohort (i.e., 65-84 years; 1.3%), suggesting that endorsement of these idnetities is increasing. Next, in Study 2 we found that psychology researchers (N = 135) tended to rate expansive sex, gender, and sexual orientation demographic variables as important in general, but were much less likely to report actually using these variables in their own studies. Moreover, younger faculty and faculty who identified as women rated these variables as more important than their colleagues. Based on our findings, we conclude that psychology researchers should use expansive sex, gender, and sexual orientation items in their studies, report these demographic variables consistently, and analyze their data by these important variables when possible. Because a substantial and growing proportion of individuals identify as LGBTQ+, and because SGM identity is related to additional life stressors, it is imperative to better understand these individuals. Various resources are offered and challenges are discussed.

Investigating Psychological Motivations to Use Online Physical Learning: A Theoretical Study in the Dance Education.

Introduction: Online education has become increasingly popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its potential for breaking down environmental, geographic, time, and space constraints, many scholars have found that online education still has much room for development. Online physical education, and especially dance education, face challenges due to the high demands of physical interactions and safety requirements. However, only a few scholars have explored the psychological motivations in the context of higher education dance students. Therefore, this study enriches this stream of literature by investigating the motivations of students' intention to use online dance learning. Methods: Structural equation modeling is performed in this study. Empirical data were collected from China to examine the relationship between constructs. This study uses self-determination theory to build a theoretical framework and deeply explore the psychological factors that affect students' attitudes and behavior towards online dance learning. Based on self-determination theory and perceived value theory, the study investigates the interrelationships among the seven latent structures: perceived autonomy on flexibility, perceived online class arrangement competence, perceived usage competence, perceived relatedness with instructors, attitudes, perceived value, and intention to use online dance education. Results: The structural equation modelling results indicate that perceived autonomy, perceived competence, and perceived relatedness have a positive influence on attitudes, and attitudes have a positive influence on perceived value and the intention to use online dance education. All hypotheses proposed in the theoretical framework are supported by the empirical data analysis. Discussion: This study extends the self-determination theory to the online dance education context, providing a new perspective for understanding students' motivation to use online dance classes. The research results also provide theoretical support and management inspiration for the sustainable development of art and physical higher education, particularly online dance education.

How Patients with an Uncertain Diagnosis Experience Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Grounded Theory Study.

PURPOSE: To develop a conceptual framework to explain how patients with uncertain diagnoses experience intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in order to achieve an in-depth understanding of the process of facing uncertainty in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A grounded theory study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 21 patients with uncertain diagnoses in China from December 2018 to March 2019. The coding process followed the procedures of Strauss and Corbin: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. RESULTS: We developed a conceptual framework called 'Facing an Uncertain Diagnosis'. This framework considers not only the external and internal context of IU generation but also the ongoing process of how IU impacts patients' psychological status, cognitive response, behavior, and decision making. CONCLUSION: We suggest that healthcare professionals should be aware of the high level of IU and its psychological, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations in patients with uncertain diagnoses. Healthcare professionals should also be more cautious in shared decision making with patients with uncertain diagnoses.

Proposing a new approach to funding behavioural interventions using iterative methods.

Current research funding models for health psychologists tend to be biased toward support for large-scale 'definitive' behavioural trials. This approach emphasizes rigorous tests of one or more key questions, but, unintentionally, may lead to the funding of interventions that are based on myriad untested assumptions. We propose that future funding models should provide support for 'iterative' research that tests assumptions at each stage of the intervention development process, including design, deployment, efficacy, implementation, and sustainability. More funding should be allocated to these developmental stages with funding allocated to testing the efficacy of definitive trials only when it is appropriately supported by research that indicates that key assumptions have been met. This shift should foster more robust behavioural interventions that have appropriate efficacy and effectiveness, and 'work' in the 'real world' contexts. Funders should support assumption testing using a diversity of methods (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, expert consensus), and encourage behavioural researchers to adjust their assumptions according the data produced. We contend that time is now to shift funding models to support assumption-testing research and ensure that funding applications for research testing 'definitive' behavioural trials has clear evidence supporting underlying assumptions.

Aspectos históricos e epistemológicos sobre crenças de autoeficácia: uma revisão da literatura / Historical and epistemological aspects about self-efficacy beliefs: a literature review / Aspectos históricos y epistemológicos sobre creencias de autoeficacia: una revisión de la literatura

Quando alguém se pergunta “Será que sou capaz de fazer?”, está indagando sobre a crença que tem da sua autoeficácia, construto postulado por Albert Bandura em 1977, que se caracteriza pela percepção das pessoas acerca das próprias capacidades de organizar e executar cursos de ação requeridos para produzir certas realizações. No presente artigo consta um levantamento histórico dos antecedentes e da evolução do conceito da Teoria da Autoeficácia, sua relação com a Teoria Social Cognitiva, sua localização epistemológica, bem como uma investigação quantitativa de artigos publicados sobre autoeficácia nas bases de dados “Web of Science”, “Scopus”, “Biblioteca Brasileira de Dissertações e Teses”, “Scielo” e “Lilacs/BVS”. Foi possível associar a Teoria de Autoeficácia ao paradigma Interpretativista, o que direciona a compreensão das bases epistemológicas da teoria. O crescimento gradual da produção de artigos desde a década de 1970, em diversas áreas do conhecimento e não apenas em Psicologia, parece indicar a importância e amplitude científica do conceito, com destaque visível para as publicações estadunidenses.(AU)

When someone asks oneself “Will I be able to do it?”, he/she is inquiring about the beliefs that he/she has in his/her own self- efficacy, construct postulated by Albert Bandura in 1977, characterized by the people’s perception about their own capabilites of organizing and executing courses of action required to produce certain achievements. In the present article contains a historical survey of antecedents and evolution of the concept of Self-efficacy Theory, its relationship with Social Cognitive Theory, its epistemological location, as a quantitative investigation of published articles about self-efficacy in the data bases “Web of Science”, “Scopus”, Biblioteca Brasileira de Dissertações e Teses”, “Scielo”, and “Lilacs/BVS”. It was possible to associate Self-efficacy Theory to the Interpretivism paradigm, which directs the understanding of the epistemological basis of the theory. The gradual growth of the production of articles since the decade of 1970, in many areas of knowledge and not only in Psychology, seems to indicate the importance and scientific range of the concept, with emphasis in the United States of America publications.(AU)

Cuando alguien se pregunta: "¿Soy capaz de hacer?" se pregunta sobre la creencia que tiene de su autoeficacia, constructo postulado por Albert Bandura en 1977, caracterizado por la percepción de las personas acerca de las propias capacidades para organizar y ejecutar cursos de acción necesarios para producir ciertos logros. En este artículo hay un estudio historico de los antecedentes y la evolución del concepto de la Teoría de la Auto-eficacia, su relación con la Teoría Social Cognitiva, su ubicación epistemológica, así como una investigación cuantitativa de artículos publicados sobre auto-eficacia en las bases de datos "Web of Science","Scopus","Biblioteca Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones","Scielo" y "Lilacs/BVS". Fue posible vincular la Teoría de la Auto-eficacia a paradigma Interpretativo, que dirige la comprensión de los fundamentos epistemológicos de la teoría. El crecimiento gradual de la producción de los artículos desde la década de 1970, en diversas áreas del conocimiento y no sólo en la psicología, indica la importancia y amplitud científica del concepto, con énfasis en publicaciones en los Estados Unidos.(AU)

Aspectos Históricos e Epistemológicos sobre Crenças de Autoeficácia: Uma Revisão da Literatura / Historical and epistemological aspects about self-efficacy beliefs: a literature review / Aspectos históricos y epistemológicos sobre creencias de autoeficacia: una revisión de la literatura

Quando alguém se pergunta "Será que sou capaz de fazer?", está indagando sobre a crença que tem da sua autoeficácia, construto postulado por Albert Bandura em 1977, que se caracteriza pela percepção das pessoas acerca das próprias capacidades de organizar e executar cursos de ação requeridos para produzir certas realizações. No presente artigo consta um levantamento histórico dos antecedentes e da evolução do conceito da Teoria da Autoeficácia, sua relação com a Teoria Social Cognitiva, sua localização epistemológica, bem como uma investigação quantitativa de artigos publicados sobre autoeficácia nas bases de dados "Web of Science", "Scopus", "Biblioteca Brasileira de Dissertações e Teses", "Scielo" e "Lilacs/BVS". Foi possível associar a Teoria de Autoeficácia ao paradigma Interpretativista, o que direciona a compreensão das bases epistemológicas da teoria. O crescimento gradual da produção de artigos desde a década de 1970, em diversas áreas do conhecimento e não apenas em Psicologia, parece indicar a importância e amplitude científica do conceito, com destaque visível para as publicações estadunidenses.(AU)

When someone asks oneself "Will I be able to do it?", he/she is inquiring about the beliefs that he/she has in his/her own self-efficacy, construct postulated by Albert Bandura in 1977, characterized by the people's perception about their own capabilites of organizing and executing courses of action required to produce certain achievements. In the present article contains a historical survey of antecedents and evolution of the concept of Self-efficacy Theory, its relationship with Social Cognitive Theory, its epistemological location, as a quantitative investigation of published articles about self-efficacy in the data bases "Web of Science", "Scopus", Biblioteca Brasileira de Dissertações e Teses", "Scielo", and "Lilacs/BVS". It was possible to associate Self-efficacy Theory to the Interpretivism paradigm, which directs the understanding of the epistemological basis of the theory. The gradual growth of the production of articles since the decade of 1970, in many areas of knowledge and not only in Psychology, seems to indicate the importance and scientific range of the concept, with emphasis in the United States of America publications.(AU)

Cuando alguien se pregunta: "¿Soy capaz de hacer?" se pregunta sobre la creencia que tiene de su autoeficacia, constructo postulado por Albert Bandura en 1977, caracterizado por la percepción de las personas acerca de las propias capacidades para organizar y ejecutar cursos de acción necesarios para producir ciertos logros. En este artículo hay un estudio historico de los antecedentes y la evolución del concepto de la Teoría de la Auto-eficacia, su relación con la Teoría Social Cognitiva, su ubicación epistemológica, así como una investigación cuantitativa de artículos publicados sobre auto-eficacia en las bases de datos "Web of Science","Scopus","Biblioteca Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones","Scielo" y "Lilacs/BVS". Fue posible vincular la Teoría de la Auto-eficacia a paradigma Interpretativo, que dirige la comprensión de los fundamentos epistemológicos de la teoría. El crecimiento gradual de la producción de los artículos desde la década de 1970, en diversas áreas del conocimiento y no sólo en la psicología, indica la importancia y amplitud científica del concepto, con énfasis en publicaciones en los Estados Unidos.(AU)

Interações iniciais entre pais, mães e bebês de 0 a 3 anos: Revisão de literatura / Early interactions between fathers, mothers and babies from 0 to 3 years old: Review of the literature / Interacciones iniciales entre padres, madres y bebés de 0 a 3 años: Revisión de literatura

Resumo O estudo das interações iniciais dos bebês com seus cuidadores pode ser feito a partir da análise da responsividade parental. Com o objetivo de revisar os aspectos metodológicos e as tendências de análise das interações iniciais em estudos produzidos no Brasil, foram selecionados e analisados 110 artigos em bases eletrônicas de dados (Lilacs, SciELO, IndexPsi-Periódicos e Periódicos Capes). Os resultados apontaram para a predominância de estudos observacionais envolvendo as interações diádicas mãe-bebê. A coleta dos dados mais frequente foi por meio de combinação de instrumentos diretos e indiretos, e a análise se distribuiu de forma equivalente entre métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Encontraram-se 55% de estudos sobre processos de desenvolvimento típico das interações e 45% de estudos com populações com risco biológico e social, abrindo questões para estudos futuros. Finalmente, sucedeu-se a análise dos fenômenos observados, levantando a discussão sobre os métodos de pesquisa na ciência psicológica.

Abstract The study of early interactions between babies and their caretakers can be performed from the analysis of parental responsiveness. Aiming to review the methodological aspects and trends in the analyses of early interactions from studies performed in Brazil, 110 articles were chosen from electronic databases (Lilacs, SciELO, IndexPsi-Periódicos and Periódicos Capes) and then they were fully analyzed. The results revealed a predominance of observational studies involving dyadic mother-baby interactions. The most frequently form of data collection combined direct and indirect methods; and the analysis was equivalently distributed between qualitative and quantitative methods. Of the studies found, 55% of the studies focused on the developmental processes that are typical of interactions, and 45% of the studies focused on processes among populations at biological and social risk, which brought up relevant questions for future studies. Finally, the analysis of interactions raises discussion of the research methods in the psychological science.

Resumen El estudio de las interacciones iniciales de los bebés con sus cuidadores puede hacerse desde el análisis de la responsividad parental. Para revisar los aspectos metodológicos y tendencias de análisis de las interacciones iniciales en los estudios producidos en Brasil, se seleccionaron y analizaron 110 artículos en bases de datos electrónicas (Lilacs, SciELO, IndexPsi-Periódicos y Periódicos Capes). Los resultados señalaron el predominio de los estudios observacionales que implican interacciones diádicas madre-niño. La recolección de datos más frecuente fue a través de una combinación de instrumentos directos e indirectos, y el análisis se distribuyó de forma equivalente entre métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se han encontrado 55% de estudios sobre los procesos de desarrollo típico de las interacciones y 45% de estudios con poblaciones con riesgo biológico y social, abriendo preguntas para futuros estudios. Por último, se hizo el análisis de los fenómenos observados, levantando la discusión sobre los métodos de investigación en la ciencia psicológica.

Relações estéticas dos catadores de material reciclável com a cidade: os passos da pesquisa / Relaciones estéticas de los recolectores de material reciclables en la ciudad: los pasos de la investigación / Aesthetic relations of the recyclable material collectors with the city: the research steps

Este artigo apresenta e discute os procedimentos metodológicos adotados em uma pesquisa que objetivou investigar as relações dos catadores de material reciclável (CMR) de uma cidade de médio porte com a polifonia urbana. Para a produção de informações, cada CMR recebeu uma câmera fotográfica para registrar imagens das suas relações com a urbe. Em outro momento, em suas residências, foram realizadas conversas informais acerca das narrativas fotográficas por eles produzidas. Outro procedimento adotado para coleta de informações foi caminhar com os CMR durante suas atividades de catação, registradas por videografia e anotações em diário de campo. A análise dialógica do discurso possibilitou compreender as múltiplas cidades que coexistem na cidade e os vários modos como os CMR as significam.

Este artículo presenta y discute los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados en la investigación que tuvo como objetivo investigar las relaciones de los recolectores de material reciclables (RMR) de una ciudad de medio porte con la polifonía urbana. Para la producción de informaciones, cada RMR recibió una cámara fotográfica para registrar las imágenes de sus relaciones con la urbe. En otro momento, en sus residencias, fueron realizadas conversaciones informales acerca de las narrativas fotográficas por ellos producidos. Otro procedimiento adoptado para la colecta de informaciones fue caminar con los RMR durante sus actividades de recolección, esta actividad registrada a través de videografía y anotaciones en el diario de campo. El análisis dialógico del discurso realizado posibilitó comprender las múltiples ciudades que coexisten en la ciudad y los varios modos como los RMR lo significan.

This article presents and discusses the methodological procedures used in a study that investigated the relationship of recyclable material collectors (CMR) of a medium-sized city with the urban polyphony. For the production of information, each CMR received a camera to capture images of their relations with the metropolis. In another moment, at their homes, informal talks were held about the photographic narratives produced by them. Another procedure adopted for data collection was to walk together with CMRs during their scavenging activities, which was recorded by videography and notes in a field diary. The dialogic discourse analysis enabled us to understand the multiple cities that coexist in the city and the various ways in which CMR signifies them.

Relações estéticas dos catadores de material reciclável com a cidade: os passos da pesquisa / Relaciones estéticas de los recolectores de material reciclables en la ciudad: los pasos de la investigación / Aesthetic relations of the recyclable material collectors with the city: the research steps

Este artigo apresenta e discute os procedimentos metodológicos adotados em uma pesquisa que objetivou investigar as relações dos catadores de material reciclável (CMR) de uma cidade de médio porte com a polifonia urbana. Para a produção de informações, cada CMR recebeu uma câmera fotográfica para registrar imagens das suas relações com a urbe. Em outro momento, em suas residências, foram realizadas conversas informais acerca das narrativas fotográficas por eles produzidas. Outro procedimento adotado para coleta de informações foi caminhar com os CMR durante suas atividades de catação, registradas por videografia e anotações em diário de campo. A análise dialógica do discurso possibilitou compreender as múltiplas cidades que coexistem na cidade e os vários modos como os CMR as significam.

Este artículo presenta y discute los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados en la investigación que tuvo como objetivo investigar las relaciones de los recolectores de material reciclables (RMR) de una ciudad de medio porte con la polifonía urbana. Para la producción de informaciones, cada RMR recibió una cámara fotográfica para registrar las imágenes de sus relaciones con la urbe. En otro momento, en sus residencias, fueron realizadas conversaciones informales acerca de las narrativas fotográficas por ellos producidos. Otro procedimiento adoptado para la colecta de informaciones fue caminar con los RMR durante sus actividades de recolección, esta actividad registrada a través de videografía y anotaciones en el diario de campo. El análisis dialógico del discurso realizado posibilitó comprender las múltiples ciudades que coexisten en la ciudad y los varios modos como los RMR lo significan.

This article presents and discusses the methodological procedures used in a study that investigated the relationship of recyclable material collectors (CMR) of a medium-sized city with the urban polyphony. For the production of information, each CMR received a camera to capture images of their relations with the metropolis. In another moment, at their homes, informal talks were held about the photographic narratives produced by them. Another procedure adopted for data collection was to walk together with CMRs during their scavenging activities, which was recorded by videography and notes in a field diary. The dialogic discourse analysis enabled us to understand the multiple cities that coexist in the city and the various ways in which CMR signifies them.

Research topics in social psychology in Brazil / Temas de pesquisa em psicologia social no Brasil

How is the portrait of the Brazilian scientific production in Social Psychology of the past few years? This study aims to address especifically this question, by visiting the articles published by Brazilian scholars since 1980, all of whom have been recognized and sponsored by the Brazilian National Council on Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Production from 80 Brazilian researchers was analysed, based on phenomena traditionally studied by Social Psychologists (e.g., Social Influence), which served as a priori categories. Articles that reflect studies developed in 5 geopolitical regions of the country, but data showed regions South and Southeast with the highest concentration in terms of academic production. Such finding is discussed in terms of the influence of an individualist culture on Brazilian research. Observing the main Social Psychology topics studied by Brazilians, it was noticed a centrality of the "Psychological" approach to Social Psychology, mainly originated in English-speaking countries.

Qual é o retrato da produção científica brasileira em Psicologia Social nos últimos anos? O objetivo deste estudo é focar essa questão, analisando artigos publicados por pesquisadores brasileiros desde 1980, especificamente os autores reconhecidos e patrocinados pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Foi analisada a produção de 80 pesquisadores brasileiros, baseado em fenômenos tradicionalmente estudados por psicólogos sociais (ex., Influência Social), que serviram como categorias a priori. Esses artigos refletem estudos desenvolvidos nas 5 regiões geopolíticas do país, mas os dados mostraram que as regiões Sul e Sudeste concentraram a maior parte da produção acadêmica. Esse resultado é discutido em termos da influência de uma cultura individualista nas pesquisas brasileiras. Observando os principais tópicos em Psicologia Social estudados pelos brasileiros, nota-se a centralidade da abordagem "psicológica" da Psicologia Social, originada principalmente nos países anglofalantes.

Research topics in Social Psychology in Brazil / Temas de pesquisa em Psicologia Social no Brasil

How is the portrait of the Brazilian scientific production in Social Psychology of the past few years? This study aims to address especifically this question, by visiting the articles published by Brazilian scholars since 1980, all of whom have been recognized and sponsored by the Brazilian National Council on Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Production from 80 Brazilian researchers was analysed, based on phenomena traditionally studied by Social Psychologists (e.g., Social Influence), which served as a priori categories. Articles that reflect studies developed in 5 geopolitical regions of the country, but data showed regions South and Southeast with the highest concentration in terms of academic production. Such finding is discussed in terms of the influence of an individualist culture on Brazilian research. Observing the main Social Psychology topics studied by Brazilians, it was noticed a centrality of the "Psychological" approach to Social Psychology, mainly originated in English-speaking countries.(AU)

Qual é o retrato da produção científica brasileira em Psicologia Social nos últimos anos? O objetivo deste estudo é focar essa questão, analisando artigos publicados por pesquisadores brasileiros desde 1980, especificamente os autores reconhecidos e patrocinados pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Foi analisada a produção de 80 pesquisadores brasileiros, baseado em fenômenos tradicionalmente estudados por psicólogos sociais (ex., Influência Social), que serviram como categorias a priori. Esses artigos refletem estudos desenvolvidos nas 5 regiões geopolíticas do país, mas os dados mostraram que as regiões Sul e Sudeste concentraram a maior parte da produção acadêmica. Esse resultado é discutido em termos da influência de uma cultura individualista nas pesquisas brasileiras. Observando os principais tópicos em Psicologia Social estudados pelos brasileiros, nota-se a centralidade da abordagem "psicológica" da Psicologia Social, originada principalmente nos países anglofalantes.(AU)

O construcionismo social na pesquisa em psicologia / Social constructionism in psychology research

Este texto traz uma reflexão sobre o construcionismo social, suas bases históricas e epistemológicas e conceitos importantes, tais como: práticas discursivas e produção dos sentidos. São apresentados dois projetos de Doutorado: um deles aborda a produção de sentidos pelo ato fotográfico, para investigar a relação do idoso com a memória e a prospecção. O outro projeto é uma tradução memorial, cujo objetivo é recuperar, sistematizar e documentar os saberes produzidos durante as atividades acadêmicas no ensino superior, junto às pessoas com deficiência mental. Ao repensar estas práticas sociais, ensejamos um instigativo diálogo indispensável à visibilidade social das pessoas idosas e daquelas com deficiência mental. Assim, esperamos contribuir para que a ciência contemporânea seja uma ciência interdisciplinar, voltada para o cotidiano das relações socialmente constituídas. (AU)

This essay is a reflection on social constructionism, their historical and epistemological bases and important concepts such as discursive practices and production of the senses. We present two PhD projects: one deals with the production of meaning by shooting photos, in order to investigate the relationship of the elderly with memory and futurity. The other project is a translation memorial, whose goal is to retrieve, organize and document the knowledge produced during the academic activities in higher education among persons with mental disabilities. Rethinking these social practices, led to a essential dialogue that instigates the social visibility of the elderly and those with disabilities. Thus, we hope to contribute to contemporary science as an interdisciplinary science, focusing on the everyday social relations constituted. (AU)

La psicología en el dominio científico español a través del análisis de cocitación de revistas / Psychology in spanish science through journal cocitation analysis

Con este estudio pretendemos conseguir una aproximación a la representación actual de la estructura intelectual de la Psicología en España, como dominio de conocimiento científico. Para ello, utilizamos el Análisis de Dominio como enfoque teórico que permite escoger el método bibliométrico más adecuado para desvelar la estructura intelectual de una disciplina; este método, denominado análisis de cocitación, está caracterizado por su objetividad y, en este caso, utiliza la revista como unidad de medida. Por tanto, la representación resultante nos permite hacer agrupaciones en conjuntos de revistas, según su similitud temática, consiguiendo así delimitar las diferentes líneas o frentes de investigación que conforman la estructura intelectual actual de la Psicología Española.

The intention in this article is to represent the ongoing intellectual structure of Psychology research (as domain of scientific knowledge) in Spain. To this end within the domain analysis the most suitable bibliometric method to reveal the intellectual structure of the discipline in Spain has been selected. This method is cocitation analysis, which is characterized by its objectivity, and in this case, with journals as the unit of measurement. Therefore the resulting representation permits us to group the journals according to the similarity of subject matter marked by the uses of Spanish researcher. This shows different research lines or fronts that shape the intellectual structure of Spanish Psychology.

The study on the psychology history of the parents of children with cerebral palsy / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To learn the pavements' experiences during the process of diagnosis,treatment,recongnication and provide guidance for the medical stuff with psychology support to help the family of children with cerebral palsy.Methods:100 couples parents were interviewed,the data collected were analysed,listed systematically,then proposed subject.Results:The parents whose children with cerebral pasly suffer large psychology conflict and economic pressure,when they go through the first state full of shocking,suffering and denying,they have to accept the truth unwillingly.And they felt pessimistical exceedingly for the future.The support system helping them pass through the psychology crisis relied on the inwardness of parents,their families and the others facing the same situations.Conclusion:The parents of children with cerebral palsy need deeply humanistic care and emotional support.And it is beneficial to implement psychological intervention targetly for the family with celebral pasly to help them pass the hardly period by easing the psychological burden of the parents and reducing the children's mental grief.