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1.
Eur J Dent Educ ; 2023 Mar 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36987945

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Clinical motor skills are essential to train dental students. There is evidence that imagery serves to acquire and improve motor skills, but there is scarce information on its application in dental education. In order to broadly map the available evidence and to detect knowledge gaps in the mental training used to develop motor skills in dentistry, a scoping review was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A structured search was conducted to identify relevant references from the Web of Science, Scopus and MEDLINE/PubMed databases for studies addressing mental training methods applied to develop motor skills in dentistry. RESULTS: A total of 758 articles were screened and four were selected, all of which were randomized clinical trials. Three studies investigated the effectiveness of visual imagery, and one investigated kinesthetic imagery. The research theme identified was motor skill acquisition. CONCLUSION: The reviewed studies indicate the usefulness of mental training for skill acquisition in dentistry. To improve the generalizability of the results, further research with standardized mental training on motor skills in dentistry is needed.

2.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 57(2): 1-8, abr.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978374

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El entrenamiento basado en la simulación de técnicas mínimamente invasivas es uno de los medios de enseñanza clave para la formación del cirujano. La optimización del trabajo en simuladores y el diseño e implementación de programas de entrenamiento son acciones importantes para su desarrollo. Objetivo: Presentar los contenidos más importantes de los programas de entrenamiento en simuladores y la metodología de enseñanza aplicada. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualicuantitativa, retrospectiva, en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso (CNCMA) desde enero de 2007 hasta diciembre de 2017. Se presentaron los programas de entrenamiento utilizados, incluyendo los tipos de simuladores y la metodología de enseñanza. Las unidades de análisis de dichos programas fueron: objetivos, contenidos, métodos, formas y medios de enseñanza y evaluación. Se revisaron los PNI (técnica evaluativa de aspectos positivos, negativos e interesantes) aplicados a los educandos en cada entrenamiento, así como las evaluaciones teóricas y prácticas realizadas por los profesores en la evaluación final. Resultados: Se impartió un total de 1 105 actividades de superación profesional (entrenamientos, cursos, talleres, diplomado, rotaciones de residentes y pasantías), se graduaron un total de 3 659 profesionales (médicos y enfermeras), 3 141 (86 por ciento) nacionales y 518 (14 por ciento) extranjeros. Se realizaron 951 entrenamientos (86 por ciento) y se certificaron 2 177 educandos (59,5 por ciento); 633 (29 por ciento) en procedimientos básicos y 1 544 (71 por ciento) en procedimientos de avanzada. Conclusiones: Los programas de entrenamiento en simuladores con una metodología de enseñanza estructurada, constituyen una herramienta muy útil en el desarrollo de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva. Su empleo, tanto para la adquisición de habilidades profesionales como con fines evaluativos deviene un elemento importante del proceso docente, que tiene ventajas para el educando, el profesor y los pacientes(AU)


Introduction: Training based on the simulation of minimally invasive techniques is one of the key teaching methods for the surgeon's training. The optimization of the work in simulators and the design and implementation of training programs are important actions for its development. Objective: To present the most important contents of the training programs using simulators and the applied teaching methodology. Methods: A retrospective study, both qualitative and quantitative, was carried out at the National Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery (CNCMA), from January 2007 to December 2017. The training programs used were presented, including the types of simulators and the teaching methodology. Results: A total of 1105 professional improvement activities were provided (trainings, courses, workshops, diploma curses, rotations of residents, and internships), a total of 3659 professionals (doctors and nurses) graduated, together with 3141 (86 percent) nationals and 518 (14 percent) foreigners. 951 trainings were carried out (86 percent) and 2177 students were certified (59.5 percent); 633 (29 percent), in basic procedures and 1544 (71 percent), in advanced procedures. Conclusions: Training programs with simulators with a structured teaching methodology are a very useful tool in the development of minimally invasive surgery. Its use, both for the acquisition of professional skills and for evaluative purposes, becomes an important element of the teaching process, which has advantages for the student, the teacher and the patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , /methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods , Professional Training , Retrospective Studies , Qualitative Research
3.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Guatemala) ; 1(23 Segunda Época): 30-35, Jul-Dic 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140394

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Durante los últimos años se ha enfatizado la importancia que los trabajadores de la salud deban tener una cantidad mínima de horas de sueño. Se ha encontrado que los daños por la falta de sueño se ven implicados en el deterioro físico y mental, además se ha asociado al error médico. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar si existe un deterioro psicomotor en estudiantes de medicina y así establecer si es necesario modificar las prácticas médicas para mejorar la función cognitiva de estudiantes y así optimizar la atención a pacientes. Métodos: En este estudio se utilizó el programa de entrenamiento cognitivo, Lumosity. (5) Con esta herramienta fue posible realizar mediciones de destrezas psicomotoras en estudiantes de medicina en un estado de desvelo y en un estado en el que habían dormido más de seis horas. Además, se compararon los resultados y se determinó si existía o no una diferencia significativa en ambas poblaciones. Estudio abierto transversal de 52 estudiantes de sexto y séptimo año de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Francisco Marroquín. Resultados: Se encontró evidencia estadísticamente significativa que indica que hay deterioro psicomotor por falta de sueño en estudiantes de sexto y séptimo año de medicina. Se obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones en Lumosity en los grupos pre guardia que en los grupos post guardia (puntaje promedio de grupo pre guardia: 2912 vs. puntaje promedio de grupo post guardia: 2515). Conclusiones: Existe un deterioro psicomotor por falta de sueño en estudiantes de sexto y séptimo año de medicina. Palabras clave: Deterioro psicomotor, Lumosity, guardia y pre guardia


Background. Recent papers have emphasized the importance of sufficient sleep in health practitioners to avoid skill deterioration. Lack of sleep often leads to physical and mental deterioration and medical error. Objective. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if there is a psychomotor deterioration in medical students and to determine if modifying medical practices is necessary to improve cognitive function in medical students, thus assuring a better quality service to patients. Methods. Lumosity test (5) cognitive training program was used, which allowed data recollection of psychomotor skills from medical students who were sleep deprived and from students who had slept at least six hours; then, the data was compared. Open transversal study with 52 medical students in the last two years of their career from Universidad Francisco Marroquín. Results: There was statistically significant evidence indicating that there is a psychomotor deterioration due to sleep deprivation in medicine students during their last year. Lumosity mean scores in the group that had slept six hours and in the sleep-deprived group were 2912 and 2515, respectively. Conclusions: There is a psychomotor deterioration due to a lack of sleep in medical students working long hospital calls. Key words: Sleep deficit; psychomotor skills; Lumosity test

4.
Gynecol Surg ; 14(1): 29, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29290752

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Training of basic laparoscopic psychomotor skills improves the acquisition of more advanced laparoscopic tasks, such as laparoscopic intra-corporeal knot tying (LICK). This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate whether pre-training of basic skills, as laparoscopic camera navigation (LCN), hand-eye coordination (HEC), and bimanual coordination (BMC), and the combination of the three of them, has any beneficial effect upon the learning curve of LICK. The study was carried out in a private center in Asunción, Paraguay, by 80 medical students without any experience in surgery. Four laparoscopic tasks were performed in the ENCILAP model (LCN, HEC, BMC, and LICK). Participants were allocated to 5 groups (G1-G5). The study was structured in 5 phases. In phase 1, they underwent a base-line test (T1) for all tasks (1 repetition of each task in consecutive order). In phase 2, participants underwent different training programs (30 consecutive repetitions) for basic tasks according to the group they belong to (G1: none; G2: LCN; G3: HEC; G4: BMC; and G5: LCN, HEC, and BMC). In phase 3, they were tested again (T2) in the same manner than at T1. In phase 4, they underwent a standardized training program for LICK (30 consecutive repetitions). In phase 5, they were tested again (T3) in the same manner than at T1 and T2. At each repetition, scoring was based on the time taken for task completion system. RESULTS: The scores were plotted and non-linear regression models were used to fit the learning curves to one- and two-phase exponential decay models for each participant (individual curves) and for each group (group curves). The LICK group learning curves fitted better to the two-phase exponential decay model. From these curves, the starting points (Y0), the point after HEC training/before LICK training (Y1), the Plateau, and the rate constants (K) were calculated. All groups, except for G4, started from a similar point (Y0). At Y1, G5 scored already better than the others (G1 p = .004; G2 p = .04; G3 p < .0001; G4 NS). Although all groups reached a similar Plateau, G5 has a quicker learning than the others, demonstrated by a higher K (G1 p < 0.0001; G2 p < 0.0001; G3 p < 0.0001; and G4 p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirms that training improves laparoscopic skills and demonstrates that pre-training of all basic skills (i.e., LCN, HEC, and BMC) shortens the LICK learning curve.

5.
Cir Cir ; 81(4): 317-27, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25063897

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In countries such as United States and European Nations changes have been proposed regarding to duty and academic structure of specialists in training, this implies adjustments in the norms concerning the number of hours a week that residents work. The main argument which has underpinned such transformations is based on the assumption that excessive working hours (more than 16 hours uninterrupted) cause cognitive and psychomotor disorders in residents. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between sleep deprivation and cognitive and psychomotor skills of a sample of residents of different specialties of Medicine. METHODS: Longitudinal study with measurements pre and post shifts, in 31 residents of Medicine. The measured variables were: cognitive and psychomotor skills, demographic data and conditions of the shift, quality of sleep and psychopathology. RESULTS: 81% residents showed detriment in at least one of the tests, however, in psychomotor skills significant different results were found in CPR maneuvers between pre and post shift with an improvement in scores. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation causes detriment of cognitive and psychomotor skills. While our results can't be generalized, they may constitute a precedent for possible changes in the working hours of medical residencies.


Antecedentes: en países como Estados Unidos y las naciones europeas se han propuesto cambios a la estructura asistencial y académica de los médicos especialistas en formación que proponen transformaciones a las normas relativas al número de horas que trabajan a la semana los residentes. El argumento principal que sustenta esas transformaciones se basa en el supuesto de que las horas de trabajo excesivas (más de 16 horas ininterrumpidas) provocan alteraciones cognitivas y psicomotrices en los residentes. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre la privación de sueño y las habilidades cognitivas y psicomotoras de una muestra de residentes de diferentes especialidades médicas. Material y métodos: estudio longitudinal, con mediciones pre y post guardia, en 31 residentes de Medicina. Se midieron las variables de: habilidades cognitivas y psicomotoras, datos sociodemográficos y de condiciones de guardia, calidad de sueño y psicopatología. resultados: 81% de los residentes tuvo detrimento en, al menos, una de las pruebas realizadas; sin embargo, en los resultados de las habilidades psicomotoras y en la maniobra de reanimación cardiopulmonar básica se encontró una diferencia significativa en los momentos pre y post guardia con mejoría en las puntuaciones. Conclusiones: la privación de sueño disminuye las habilidades cognitivas y psicomotoras. Si bien nuestros resultados no son generalizables, pueden constituir un precedente para fundamentar posibles cambios referentes a las guardias en las residencias médicas.


Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Internship and Residency , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Psychomotor Performance , Sleep Deprivation/psychology , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/psychology , Work Schedule Tolerance , Adult , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Fatigue/epidemiology , Fatigue/etiology , Fatigue/psychology , Follow-Up Studies , General Surgery , Habits , Humans , Internal Medicine , Intubation, Intratracheal , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Ophthalmology , Reaction Time , Sleep Deprivation/epidemiology , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 36(2): 85-92, jul. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-636021

ABSTRACT

Esta investigación, de tipo cualitativo, propone un modelo pedagógico orientado a facilitar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las siguientes habilidades psicomotoras básicas en anestesia: intubación oro-traqueal, colocación de máscara laríngea y canalización venosa en niños y adultos. El modelo se elaboró mediante la adopción de algunas teorías y diseños propuestos en la literatura, la recuperación de la experiencia docente y pruebas piloto de los modelos de instrucción con estudiantes que realizan prácticas hospitalarias. Los objetivos generales fueron: primero, sistematizar la experiencia de construcción de un modelo pedagógico orientado a facilitar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las habilidades psicomotoras básicas en anestesia; segundo, aportar a la cualificación de la práctica del anestesiólogo y del educador en anestesia, a partir del reconocimiento del saber de un equipo de expertos anestesiólogos y docentes en el área. resultados de la sistematización fueron: primero, la descripción de los supuestos teóricos más relevantes para el diseño de un modelo de instrucción de enseñanza de las competencias psicomotoras; segundo, la propuesta de un método para la enseñanza de estas competencias y la elaboración de un instrumento de evaluación de las competencias psicomotoras del estudiante. Las conclusiones de la sistematización fueron: primero, que la enseñanza de las competencias psicomotoras se puede fundamentar en supuestos, teorías y modelos definidos en la literatura en forma sinérgica; segundo, que la enseñanza de las competencias psicomotoras exige planificación y estructuración coherentes y pertinentes, dado que estas competencias se consideran como "capacidades productoras"; y tercero, que los modelos de instrucción de evaluación deben considerar tanto el proceso como los resultados, para lograr una mayor retroalimentación de los procesos de aprendizaje y una mejor interacción entre el aprendiz y el maestro.


This type of qualitative research, proposes a pedagogical model designed to facilitate teaching and lear-ning processes of the following basic psychomotor skills in anesthesia: orotracheal intubation, placement of laryngeal mask and channeling vein in children and adults. The model was designed through the adoption of some theories and designs proposed in the literature, the systematization of teaching experience, and leading tests of the instructions to students who perform hospital practices. The general objectives set for the systematization were: first, systematize the experience of building a pe-dagogical model aimed at facilitating the process of teaching and learning of psychomotor skills in basic anesthesia. Second, help improve the qualifcation of the practice of anesthesiologists and educators in anes-thesia, upon recognition of knowledge of an expert team of anesthesiologists and teachers in the area. The results of the systematization were: first, the description of the more relevant assumptions used for the design of an instructive teaching tool of psychomotor skills. Second, proposing a method for teaching these skills and developing a tool for evaluating the students’ psychomotor skills. The conclusion of the systematization was: first, the teaching of psychomotor skills can be based on as-sumptions, theories and models defned in the literature in a synergistic manner. Second, the teaching of psychomotor skills requires coherent planning and structuring, given that these competencies are considered as "producing capabilities." And third, instructional evaluation should consider both the processes and results, to achieve greater input from the processes of learning and better interaction between master and apprentice.


Subject(s)
Humans
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