Body dysmorphic disorder and psychotherapeutic interventions: a systematic literature review.

Introduction: Body dysmorphism disorder (BDD) is a disabling mental disorder characterized by an anxious preoccupation with a perceived defect in physical appearance. Objective: This systematic review arose with the main objective of identifying the most effective psychotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of BDD. Methods: From February to October 2022, we conducted a systematic review aimed at identifying the psychotherapeutic intervention for BDD, the search for these concepts was on PubMed. There were no language limitations, only time limitations, we delved into studies published in the databases between 2015 and 2022. Results: We identified a total of 393 unique records. Of these, 43 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility, and seven of these met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review. Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective compared with other therapies, especially when combined with drug therapy. The results confirm that BDD-NET (INTERNET-based CBT) led to significant improvement of symptoms in patients with body dysmorphism. In conclusion, we can say that cognitive-behavioral therapy, whether in direct or online form, appears to be the most effective treatment for this disorder.

Psychological and social consequences of deafblindness for siblings: a systematic literature review.

The onset of deafblindness profoundly impacts both the individual with this condition and the individual's family, including siblings. While current studies have primarily focused on the impact felt by parents or spouses, the distinct experiences of siblings have received comparatively less attention. This systematic review addresses the existing research gap regarding the psychological and social consequences experienced by siblings of individuals with deafblindness. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Dissertations & Theses (on ProQuest), ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cairn Info. Seven studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria for inclusion. The review revealed that siblings of individuals with deafblindness face psychological and social challenges, including emotions such as feelings of neglect, resentment, embarrassment, jealousy, and anxiety. Siblings also grapple with communication difficulties, contributing to feelings of exclusion and insecurity. In addition, these siblings take on significant responsibilities within the family and encounter obstacles in forming relationships outside the family. These findings underscore the need of interventions to improve the well-being of siblings of individuals with deafblindness by addressing their psycho-emotional needs and promoting positive social interactions. These findings align with studies conducted on siblings of children with other disabilities. However, additional research is crucial to investigate overlooked dimensions, particularly positive factors like coping mechanisms and resilience, that may influence the mental health and social experiences of these siblings.

Positive and negative affect change following psychotherapeutic treatment for anxiety-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety-related disorders feature elevated negative affect (NA), and in some cases, diminished positive affect (PA). It remains unclear how well extant psychotherapies for anxiety-related disorders improve PA versus NA. METHODS: We systematically searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Web of Science databases. Records included studies involving (1) patients with a principal or co-principal diagnosis of at least one anxiety-related disorder (i.e., generalized anxiety, social anxiety, panic, agoraphobia, health anxiety, specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder), and (2) pre- and post-treatment PA and NA scores or a change index between pre- and post-treatment PA and NA scores. Effect sizes were calculated for meta-analyses. RESULTS: Fourteen studies with 1001 adults with an anxiety-related disorder were included. Psychotherapeutic interventions included cognitive behavioral, present-centered, and imagery-based approaches. Treatments reduced NA (g = -0.90; 95%CI [-1.19, -0.61]) to a greater extent than they improved PA (g = 0.27; 95%CI [0.05, 0.59]), Z = -5.26, p < .001. The limited number of studies available precluded analyses of the relationship between changes in affect and symptoms. LIMITATIONS: Results should be considered with caution given the small number and heterogeneity of included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Current psychotherapeutic interventions for anxiety-related disorders may not improve PA and NA to comparable levels.

Intervención psicológica a distancia para el tratamiento de la depresión en insuficiencia cardiaca / Remote psychological intervention for the treatment of depression heart failure

Resumen Las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la depresión se consideran problemas de salud pública, la depresión es un factor de riesgo para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) por sus implicaciones clínicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir dos modalidades de intervenciones psicoterapéuticas en el abordaje de la depresión en pacientes con IC. Métodos de búsqueda: Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases especializadas MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL y Cochrane Library de 2010 a 2020. Criterios de selección: Se seleccionaron los artículos por título y resumen, publicados en los últimos 10 años, escritos en castellano o inglés y se eliminaron los registros repetidos. Obtención de los datos: Tres autores recopilaron la información de los estudios que se documentan. Resultados principales: Se incluyeron 4 estudios clínicos con 911 pacientes, se realizaron en 4 países en los últimos 10 años y se implementaron diferentes métodos de intervenciones digitales y visitas domiciliarias, los efectos de estos tratamientos han sido estadísticamente significativos para reducir los puntajes de depresión autoinformada en pacientes con IC que recibieron la intervención psicoterapéutica en alguna de estas modalidades a comparación de aquellos pacientes que solo recibieron un tratamiento estándar. Conclusiones: Debido al número limitado de estudios y de los diferentes métodos de intervención no se identifica un tratamiento estándar de la depresión en IC en estos formatos de atención, por lo que se recomienda más investigación en este campo de estudio.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease and depression are considered public health problems, depression is a risk factor for patients with heart failure (HF) for its clinical implications. The objective of this study was to describe two modalities of psychotherapeutic interventions in the approach to depression in patients with HF. Search methods: We searched the specialized databases MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from 2010 to 2020. Selection criteria. Articles were selected by title and abstract., published in the last 10 years, written in Spanish or English and repeated registrations were deleted. Obtaining the data: Three authors collected information from the studies being documented. Main results: We included 4 clinical studies with 911 patients, were conducted in 4 countries in the last 10 years and implemented different methods of digital interventions and home visits, the effects of these treatments have been statistically significant to reduce self-reported depression scores in patients with HF who received psychotherapeutic intervention in any of these modalities compared to those patients who only received a treatment. Conclusions: Due to the limited number of studies and different methods of intervention, a standard treatment of HF depression in these care formats is not identified, so more research in this field of study is recommended.

[Remote psychological intervention for the treatment of depression heart failure]. / Intervención psicológica a distancia para el tratamiento de la depresión en insuficiencia cardiaca.

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease and depression are considered public health problems, depression is a risk factor for patients with heart failure (HF) for its clinical implications. The objective of this study was to describe two modalities of psychotherapeutic interventions in the approach to depression in patients with HF. Search methods: We searched the specialized databases MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from 2010 to 2020. Selection criteria. Articles were selected by title and abstract., published in the last 10 years, written in Spanish or English and repeated registrations were deleted. Obtaining the data: Three authors collected information from the studies being documented. Main results: We included 4 clinical studies with 911 patients, were conducted in 4 countries in the last 10 years and implemented different methods of digital interventions and home visits, the effects of these treatments have been statistically significant to reduce self-reported depression scores in patients with HF who received psychotherapeutic intervention in any of these modalities compared to those patients who only received a treatment. Conclusions: Due to the limited number of studies and different methods of intervention, a standard treatment of HF depression in these care formats is not identified, so more research in this field of study is recommended.

Resumen: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la depresión se consideran problemas de salud pública, la depresión es un factor de riesgo para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) por sus implicaciones clínicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir dos modalidades de intervenciones psicoterapéuticas en el abordaje de la depresión en pacientes con IC. Métodos de búsqueda: Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases especializadas MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL y Cochrane Library de 2010 a 2020. Criterios de selección: Se seleccionaron los artículos por título y resumen, publicados en los últimos 10 años, escritos en castellano o inglés y se eliminaron los registros repetidos. Obtención de los datos: Tres autores recopilaron la información de los estudios que se documentan. Resultados principales: Se incluyeron 4 estudios clínicos con 911 pacientes, se realizaron en 4 países en los últimos 10 años y se implementaron diferentes métodos de intervenciones digitales y visitas domiciliarias, los efectos de estos tratamientos han sido estadísticamente significativos para reducir los puntajes de depresión autoinformada en pacientes con IC que recibieron la intervención psicoterapéutica en alguna de estas modalidades a comparación de aquellos pacientes que solo recibieron un tratamiento estándar. Conclusiones: Debido al número limitado de estudios y de los diferentes métodos de intervención no se identifica un tratamiento estándar de la depresión en IC en estos formatos de atención, por lo que se recomienda más investigación en este campo de estudio.

Barriers, facilitators and interventions to support help-seeking amongst young people living in families impacted by parental mental illness: A systematized review.

AIM: Children living in families impacted by parental mental illness are at increased risk of adverse mental and physical health outcomes compared with children living in families unaffected by mental illness. Considered to be a hard-to reach group, it is likely that there are unique barriers for these young people in seeking help for their difficulties. This systematized review synthesizes what is currently known about help-seeking barriers, facilitators and interventions for young people affected by parental mental illness. METHODS: Three databases were searched, yielding 2556 results and three studies were identified through other sources. Studies were screened on title and abstract review and were excluded if they were published before 2005 or if they did not include the perspectives of young people. At a second stage, full-text articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were included for data extraction and quality appraisal. RESULTS: Qualitative and quantitative data synthesis revealed three significant barriers (i) stigma, (ii) family communication and (iii) lack of belonging and shared experience, three key facilitators (i) individual characteristics, (ii) group identification and (iii) anonymity and three primary components of therapeutic interventions (i) psychoeducation, (ii) connection with peers and (iii) accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that stigma towards mental illness is highly salient amongst young people impacted by parental mental illness and has unique effects on their patterns of help-seeking. Help-seeking research amongst this group is still emerging, with a need for greater clarity in operationalisation of help-seeking constructs and more robust methodological designs.

Violência conjugal: diferentes olhares epistemológicos e práticas psicoterapêuticas / Marital Violence: different epistemological perspectives and psychotherapeutic practices / Violencia conyugal: diferentes miradas epistemológicas y prácticas psicoterapéuticas

A violência conjugal é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública e tem deixado de ocupar somente o âmbito privado na realidade doméstica brasileira. Diante dos desafios que a temática apresenta, o objetivo deste artigo teórico é discutir a violência conjugal sob diferentes epistemologias, tais como a Teoria do Apego, Psicanálise e sistêmica. Mais precisamente, pretende-se refletir sobre a formação do vínculo conjugal e relações abusivas, problematizar os conceitos que se referem ao fenômeno da violência conjugal e, por fim, apontar estratégias de intervenção terapêutica com casais que possam contribuir para programas de prevenção da violência conjugal. As discussões contempladas neste estudo evidenciaram as diferenças quanto ao tipo de violência perpetrada entre homens e mulheres; bem como problematizaram a natureza relacional e intergeracional do fenômeno e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento afetivo conjugal.

Marital violence is considered a serious public health problem and has ceased to occupy only the private sphere in the Brazilian domestic reality. Faced with the challenges presented by the theme, the objective of this theoretical article is to discuss conjugal violence under different epistemologies, such as attachment theory, psychoanalysis and systemic. More precisely, it is intended to reflect on the formation of conjugal bond and abusive relationships, to problematize the concepts that refer to the phenomenon of conjugal violence, and, finally, to point out therapeutic intervention strategies with couples that may contribute to programs for the prevention of conjugal violence. The discussions contemplated in this study showed the differences regarding the type of violence perpetrated between men and women; as well as problematized the relational and intergenerational nature of the phenomenon and its implications for conjugal affective development.

La violencia conyugal es considerada un grave problema de salud pública y ha dejado de ocupar solamente el ámbito privado en la realidad doméstica brasileña. Frente a los desafíos que la temática presenta, el objetivo de este artículo teórico es discutir la violencia conyugal bajo diferentes epistemologías, tales como la teoría del apego, psicoanálisis y sistémica. Más precisamente, se pretende reflexionar sobre la formación del vínculo conyugal y las relaciones abusivas, problematizar los conceptos que se refieren al fenómeno de la violencia conyugal, y, por último, apuntar estrategias intervención terapéutica con parejas que puedan contribuir a programas de prevención de la violencia conyugal. Las discusiones contempladas en este estudio evidenciaron las diferencias en cuanto al tipo de violencia perpetrada entre hombres y mujeres; así como problematizaron la naturaleza relacional e intergeneracional del fenómeno y sus implicaciones para el desarrollo afectivo conyugal.

Utilization of Psychotherapeutic Interventions by Pediatric Psychosocial Providers.

One of the Standards of Psychosocial Care for Children with Cancer and their Families recommends that all youth with cancer and their family members have access to psychotherapeutic interventions and support throughout the cancer trajectory. This study was created to identify the psychosocial interventions and services provided to children with cancer and their family members, to ascertain whether there are differences in interventions provided by age of the patient and stage of treatment, and to learn about barriers to psychosocial service provision. An online survey was disseminated to psychosocial providers through the listservs of national and international professional organizations. The majority of the 242 respondents were either psychologists (39.3%) or social workers (26.9%) and 79.7% worked in the United States. The intervention offered most often to pediatric patients, caregivers, and siblings, at every stage of treatment, was psychoeducation (41.7-48.8%). Evidence-based interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy (56.6%) and mindfulness-based interventions (57.9%) were reported to be frequently used with patients. Interventions designed specifically for the pediatric oncology population were not commonly endorsed. Psychosocial providers reported quality of care would be improved by additional staff, better communication/collaboration with medical team members and increased community-based resources. Future research should focus on improving accessibility to population-specific evidenced-based interventions and translating science to practice.

Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Dementia: a Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While a range of psychotherapeutic interventions is available to support individuals with dementia, comprehensive reviews of interventions are limited, particularly with regard to outcomes related to adjustment and acceptance. The current review assesses studies that evaluated the impact of various forms of psychotherapeutic interventions on acceptance and adjustment to changing life circumstances for older adults with cognitive impairment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases was conducted, restricted to articles published in English within the last 16 years (from 2003 to 2019). Twenty-four articles were identified that examined the effects of psychotherapeutic interventions on outcomes related to acceptance and adjustment which included internalizing symptoms, quality of life, self-esteem, and well-being. Fifteen studies examined interventions targeted towards individuals with cognitive impairment, while nine studies also targeted their caregivers. RESULTS: Interventions that impacted outcomes related to acceptance and adjustment (e.g., adaptation, depressive symptoms, helplessness, self-esteem, and quality of life) varied in their theoretical approach, which incorporated elements of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), problem-solving therapy, psychotherapy, reminiscence therapy, interpersonal therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, and meaning-based, compassion-focused therapy. Among all interventions, reductions in depression were the most commonly reported treatment outcome particularly among interventions that incorporated problem-focused and meaning-based therapies. Mixed findings were reported with regard to outcomes related to helplessness, quality of life, self-esteem, and life satisfaction indices for individuals with cognitive impairment. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: There is some support for the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions on improving acceptance and adjustment in older adults with cognitive impairment, particularly with regard to reducing depressive symptoms.

Predictors and moderators of outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions for mental disorders in adolescents and young adults: protocol for systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence and young adulthood is a risk period for the emergence of mental disorders. There is strong evidence that psychotherapeutic interventions are effective for most mental disorders. However, very little is known about which of the different psychotherapeutic treatment modalities are effective for whom. This large systematic review aims to address this critical gap within the literature on non-specific predictors and moderators of the outcomes of psychotherapeutic interventions among adolescents and young adults with mental disorders. METHODS: The protocol is being reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement. PubMed and PsycINFO databases will be searched for randomized controlled and quasi-experimental/naturalistic clinical trials. Risk of bias of all included studies will be assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The quality of predictor and moderator variables will be also assessed. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for all included studies. DISCUSSION: This systematic review will strengthen the evidence base on effective mental health interventions for young people, being the first to explore predictors and moderators of outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions for a wide range of mental disorders in young people. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020166756 .

Analysis of the Emails From the Dutch Web-Based Intervention "Alcohol de Baas": Assessment of Early Indications of Drop-Out in an Online Alcohol Abuse Intervention.

Nowadays, traditional forms of psychotherapy are increasingly complemented by online interactions between client and counselor. In (some) web-based psychotherapeutic interventions, meetings are exclusively online through asynchronous messages. As the active ingredients of therapy are included in the exchange of several emails, this verbal exchange contains a wealth of information about the psychotherapeutic change process. Unfortunately, drop-out-related issues are exacerbated online. We employed several machine learning models to find (early) signs of drop-out in the email data from the "Alcohol de Baas" intervention by Tactus. Our analyses indicate that the email texts contain information about drop-out, but as drop-out is a multidimensional construct, it remains a complex task to accurately predict who will drop out. Nevertheless, by taking this approach, we present insight into the possibilities of working with email data and present some preliminary findings (which stress the importance of a good working alliance between client and counselor, distinguish between formal and informal language, and highlight the importance of Tactus' internet forum).

Applicability of the locus of control of behaviour scale for people with dementia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the applicability of the Locus of Control of Behaviour scale (LoCB) for people with dementia. METHOD: A sample of 534 participants with dementia (78.4 mean age, 58% female) were included. Assessment included the LoCB, the Montgomery-Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Mini-Mental Status Examination Norwegian revised (MMSE-NR) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (I-ADL). Completion percentages and internal reliability of LoCB were examined for predefined MMSE-NR groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-27, and 28-30). Factors associated with completion were analysed, and a principal component analysis (PCA) of the LoCB was performed. Sum score and component subscale scores were compared to MADRS and MMSE-NR scores. RESULTS: In total, 234 participants completed the LoCB. Completion percentages ranged from 74% (MMSE-NR 28-30) to 0% (MMSE-NR 0-9). Internal reliability was between 0.80 and 0.72 in groups with MMSE-NR > 9, except in MMSE-NR 20-24 (0.52). Age, MMSE-NR and education were associated with completion. The PCA yielded three components - powerful others, internal, and luck/fate - with explained variance of 41.3%. Participants with MADRS > 7 scored higher on the LoCB sum score, powerful others and internal subscale scores. No difference was found regarding the luck/fate subscale score. MMSE-NR did not affect LoCB scores. CONCLUSION: Older age, less education, and more cognitive impairment decreased the likelihood of completion. However, psychometric test results indicate that those who completed the LoCB understood the questions, even with severe cognitive impairment. We conclude, therefore, that the LoCB is applicable for investigating control orientation among people with dementia.

Intervenções na psicoterapia psicodinâmica de uma criança com transtorno disruptivo da desregulação do humor / Interventions in psychodynamic psychotherapy of a child with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder / Intervenciones de psicoterapia psicodinámica de un niño con el trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado de ánimo

As desordens disruptivas constituem um desafio para a abordagem terapêutica psicodinâmica. Este estudo teve como foco analisar o processo de psicoterapia psicodinâmica de uma criança com transtorno disruptivo da desregulação do humor (TDDH), buscando descrever e analisar as intervenções da terapeuta. O estudo teve delineamento misto, descritivo, longitudinal, adotando-se o procedimento de estudo de caso sistemático. Os participantes foram um menino de sete anos de idade e sua terapeuta. Para o estudo do processo, foi utilizado o Child Psychotherapy Q-set (CPQ) e o relato da terapeuta. Os resultados mostraram uma criança resistente e hostil, cujas sessões tinham conteúdos relevantes com relação a seus conflitos. A terapeuta lançou mão de amplo espectro de intervenções, desde as psicodinâmicas e expressivas, até intervenções mais suportivas, ao longo de todo o tratamento. O estudo evidenciou que a psicoterapia com essas crianças pode requerer flexibilidade por parte do terapeuta, e uma postura empática e afetivamente engajada.

Disruptive disorders present a challenge for the psychodynamic therapeutic approach. This study aimed at analyzing the psychodynamic psychotherapy process of a child with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), focusing on the therapist's interventions. The study had a mixed, descriptive, longitudinal design, adopting the systematic case study procedure. The participants were a seven-year-old boy and his therapist. For the study of the process, the Child Psychotherapy Q-set (CPQ) and the therapist's report were used. The results showed a resistant and hostile child, whose sessions had relevant contents regarding his conflicts. The therapist used a wide spectrum of interventions, ranging from psychodynamic and expressive, to more supportive interventions, throughout the treatment. The study showed that psychotherapy with these children requires the therapist to display flexibility, as well as an empathic and affectively engaged stance.

Trastornos disruptivos son un desafío para el abordaje terapéutica psicodinámica. Este estudio se centró en el análisis del proceso de la psicoterapia psicodinámica de un niño con trastorno disruptivo de la desregulación del estado de ánimo (TDDEA), tratando de describir y analizar las intervenciones de la terapeuta. El estudio tuvo diseño mixto, descriptivo, longitudinal, y adoptó el método de estudio sistemático de casos. Los participantes fueron un niño de siete años de edad y su terapeuta. Para el estudio del proceso, se utilizó el Child Psychotherapy Q-set (CPQ) y los apuntes de la terapeuta. Los resultados mostraron un niño rebelde y hostil, cuyas sesiones tuvieron contenidos relevantes con respecto a sus conflictos. La terapeuta hizo uso de intervenciones de amplio espectro, desde la psicodinámica y expresiva, incluso las intervenciones más suportivas, a lo largo del tratamiento. El estudio mostró que la psicoterapia con estos niños puede requerir flexibilidad por parte del terapeuta, y una actitud empática y afectivamente comprometida.

Positive cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of depression: A randomized order within-subject comparison with traditional cognitive behavior therapy.

Previous research suggests that a stronger focus on positive emotions and positive mental health may improve efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Objectives were to compare differential improvement of depressive symptoms (primary outcome), positive affect, and positive mental health indices during positive CBT (P-CBT; CBT in a solution-focused framework, amplified with optional positive psychology exercises) versus traditional, problem-focused CBT (T-CBT). Forty-nine patients with major depressive disorder (recruited in an outpatient mental health care facility specialized in mood disorders) received two treatment blocks of eight sessions each (cross-over design, order randomized). Intention-To-Treat mixed regression modelling indicated that depressive symptoms improved similarly during the first, but significantly more in P-CBT compared to T-CBT during the second treatment block. Rate of improvement on the less-frequently measured secondary outcomes was not significantly different. However, P-CBT was associated with significantly higher rates of clinically significant or reliable change for depression, negative affect, and happiness. Effect sizes for the combined treatment were large (pre-post Cohen's d = 2.71 for participants ending with P-CBT, and 1.85 for participants ending with T-CBT). Positive affect, optimism, subjective happiness and mental health reached normative population averages after treatment. Overall, findings suggest that explicitly focusing on positive emotions efficiently counters depressive symptoms.

Dealing with difference: a scoping review of psychotherapeutic interventions with unaccompanied refugee minors.

Unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) are a population at risk for developing mental problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and/or depression. Therapists working with URMs often have to overcome language and cultural barriers, while taking into account these young people's specific needs. A growing literature describes a wide range of interventions designed to reduce psychopathologies and improve well-being. We summarized the different interventions used with URMs to get an overview of techniques used for reducing psychopathologies and difficulties of URMs and to give recommendations to help professionals. We searched eight databases for articles and books, imposing no restrictions on publication date or geographical region, and using English and French keywords. We included all studies (RCTs, case series, case study) that assessed an intervention with one or more URMs. Seventeen studies, reported in papers or book chapters, met the criteria for inclusion in our analysis. Only one RCT has been conducted with URMs but because of small sample size we cannot conclude on its efficacy. Other studies are case series or case studies and because of their study design, we cannot conclude whether one intervention is superior to others. Further research, with higher level of evidence, is needed to determine which types of intervention are most effective when working with URMs.

The effect of psychotherapeutic interventions on positive and negative affect in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a mental disorder characterized by high and dysregulated negative affect in addition to diminished positive affect. To our knowledge, there has been no systematic review of the impact of psychotherapeutic interventions on these affective dimensions. METHODS: Two comprehensive literature searches for all randomized controlled trials of psychotherapy in adults with depression were performed. The first from 1996 to December 31, 2014 and the second from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The primary outcome was the mean score of positive and negative affect. Depressive symptoms were measured to be included as a predictor in the meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: Ten studies with 793 adults with depression were included. All studies assessed positive and negative affect. Psychotherapeutic interventions resulted in significantly increased positive affect (g=0.41; 95% CI: 0.16-0.66 p=0.001), and significantly decreased negative affect (g=0.32; 95% CI: 0.15-0.78, p=0.001) in depressed adults. Because of the small number and substantial heterogeneity of the existing studies the meta-regression analyses produced conflicting results. As a consequence, we were unable to sufficiently demonstrate whether NA and depressive symptoms are in fact correlated or not. LIMITATIONS: Given the small number and heterogeneity of the included studies, the findings should be considered with caution. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotherapeutic interventions demonstrate low to moderate effects in enhancing positive and reducing negative affect in depressed adults.

Trastornos conductuales: actualización en intervenciones con niños y adolescentes / Behavioral disorders: update on interventions with children and adolescents

El presente trabajo, es una revisión actualizada tanto de la conceptualización de los Trastornos Conductuales, como de las principales intervenciones psicoterapéuticas para el tratamiento de estos trastornos, en la infancia y adolescencia; para esto, se consideró las intervenciones que presentan evidencia positiva de su efectividad. Las últimas investigaciones realizadas sobre este trastorno concluyen que las intervenciones psicosociales debieran ser la primera línea de tratamiento y que se debiera considerar las intervenciones psicofarmacológicas sólo en casos específicos, para tratar la sintomatología asociada.

This paper is an updated review of both the conceptualization and the major psychotherapeutic interventions in Behavioral Disorders in childhood and adolescence. We considered the interventions that have positive evidence of their effectiveness. The latest research on Behavioral Disorders conclude that psychosocial interventions should be the first line of treatment and that psychopharmacological interventions should be considered only in specific cases, to treat associated symptoms.

Released potential: a qualitative study of the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program in Australia.

The Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) is a Commonwealth Government funded scheme that supports people living with a mental illness. Despite its significance, the program has received little attention from researchers nor critical discussion within the published work. This paper first critically examines the MHNIP from the contexts of identities, autonomy, and capabilities of mental health nurses (MHN) and then reports on findings from a qualitative study that explored the experiences of staff working in the MHNIP. Key findings from this qualitative study include four main themes indicating that both the program and the nurses working within it are addressing the unmet needs of people living with a mental illness. They achieve these ends by adopting holistic and consumer-centred approaches and by providing a wide range of therapeutic interventions. As well, the MHN in this study valued the freedom and autonomy of their practice outside public health services and the respect received from colleagues working in other disciplines. Findings suggest that MHN within the study were experienced as having autonomous identities and roles that may be in contrast to the restrictive understandings of MHN capability within the program's funding rules.

Cognitive-behavioural interventions for mood and anxiety disorders in HIV: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Mood and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and comorbid with HIV/AIDS. However, there is a paucity of research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural interventions (CBI) for common mental disorders in HIV-infected adults. The present study sought to review the existing literature on the use of CBI for depression and anxiety in HIV-positive adults and to assess the effect size of these interventions. METHODS: We did duplicate searches of databases (from inception to 17-22 May 2012). The following online databases were searched: PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsychArticles. RESULTS: We identified 20 studies suitable for inclusion. A total of 2886 participants were enroled in these studies, of which 2173 participants completed treatment. The present review of the literature suggests that CBI may be effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety in individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Significant reductions in depression and anxiety were reported in intervention studies that directly and indirectly targeted depression and/or anxiety. Effect sizes ranged from 0.02 to 1.02 for depression and 0.04 to 0.70 for anxiety. LIMITATIONS: Some trials included an immediate postintervention assessment but no follow-up assessments of outcome. This omission makes it difficult to determine whether the intervention effects are sustainable over time. CONCLUSION: The present review of the literature suggests that CBI may have a positive impact on the treatment of depression and anxiety in adults living with HIV/AIDS.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a treatment review. What have we learned since the beginning of the millennium?

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) can significantly affect an individual's quality of life, the health care system, and even society. The first decade of the new millennium has seen renewed interest in this condition, but etiological understanding and evidence-based treatment availability remain limited. After the diagnosis of PNES is established, the first therapeutic step includes a presentation of the diagnosis that facilitates engagement in treatment. The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence of treatments for PNES published since the year 2000 and to discuss further needs for clinical treatment implementation and research. This article reviews clinical trials that have evaluated the efficacy of structured, standardized psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions. The primary outcome measure in clinical trials for PNES is event frequency, although it is questionable whether this is the most accurate indicator of functional recovery. Cognitive behavioral therapy has evidence of efficacy, including one pilot randomized, controlled trial where cognitive behavioral therapy was compared with standard medical care. The antidepressant sertraline did not show a significant difference in event frequency change when compared to placebo in a pilot randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, but it did show a significant pre- versus posttreatment decrease in the active arm. Other interventions that have shown efficacy in uncontrolled trials include augmented psychodynamic interpersonal psychotherapy, group psychodynamic psychotherapy, group psychoeducation, and the antidepressant venlafaxine. Larger clinical trials of these promising treatments are necessary, while other psychotherapeutic interventions such as hypnotherapy, mindfulness-based therapies, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing may deserve exploration. Flexible delivery of treatment that considers the heterogeneous backgrounds of patients is emphasized as necessary for successful outcomes in clinical practice.