ABSTRACT
Objective: The Relational Depth Frequency Scale (RDFS) is a 6-item measure to assess the impact of relational depth experiences on psychotherapeutic outcomes. To date, the RDFS has only been validated in online samples of clinical and non-clinical individuals. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the RDFS in clinical dyads of clients and psychotherapists.Method: A total of 86 psychotherapy dyads-86 psychotherapists (18 male, 68 female, mean age = 44.34) and 86 clients (17 male, 69 female, mean age = 34.22)-completed the RDFS, and the Scale to Assess the Psychotherapeutic Relationship (STAR), mid-psychotherapy.Results: CFA showed acceptable fit statistics for a one-factor model. The partial measurement invariance across both partners of the psychotherapeutic dyad was positively verified. The RDFS had good internal consistency for psychotherapists and clients (α = .90 and .81, respectively). Actor-partner interdependence model confirmed moderate to high levels of convergent validity against the STAR. Relational depth in both partners was predicted by their own perceptions of the quality of the psychotherapeutic relationship. Psychotherapist frequency of relational depth was also related to client perceptions of the psychotherapeutic relationship.Conclusion: The RDFS is a promising tool measuring relational depth both from psychotherapist and client perspectives.
Subject(s)
Professional-Patient Relations , Psychotherapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Psychometrics , Psychotherapists , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
AIM: To construct a process model of limited reparenting as a corrective emotional experience using schema therapy (ST). METHOD: We followed a task analytical approach, building two separate rational models based on the ST theory and our experience. Then, we constructed a final rational model. We tested our model in five therapy sessions. RESULTS: The process began with noticing a schema activation, after which a complex, interwoven process occurred involving facilitation and validation of the client's experiences, exploration of schema origins, engaging the client's process, and responding to unmet needs within professional boundaries. The limited reparenting experience in ST involves the use of psychotherapeutic techniques and, crucially, how these techniques are used in line with the ST model deployed. CONCLUSION: Our results provided a roadmap and clarified the important aspects of limited reparenting. Providing clients with healthy and potentially corrective emotional experiences, facilitating and validating the feelings, understanding schema origins, and being willing to provide limited reparenting are the key features of the ST. It is more important to comprehend the philosophy behind ST than to focus on the specific (cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, experiential, etc.) techniques.
Subject(s)
Psychotherapy , Schema Therapy , Emotions , Humans , Psychotherapy/methodsABSTRACT
Previous studies on the therapists' burnout have focused on individual and environmental risk factors. This study aimed to analyse whether variables reflecting therapeutic relationship-the therapist experience of relational depth and quality of the therapeutic relationship-can be related to psychotherapist burnout. Four alternative path models were examined. A total of 101 humanistic-experiential psychotherapists, aged between 29 and 86 years, participated in the research. The Relational Depth Frequency Scale, the Scale to Assess the Therapeutic Relationship, the Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Link Burnout Questionnaire were applied to the research. The results showed that relational depth and therapeutic quality correlated negatively with psychotherapist burnout. Relational depth is the main predictor of psychological well-being and psychotherapist burnout through its effect on therapeutic quality. The experiences of relational depth, primarily of person-centred therapists, have positive psychological potential in predicting lower professional burnout.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional , Psychotherapists , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Burnout, Professional/therapy , Humans , Middle Aged , Psychotherapy/methods , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Aims: Research conducted prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that remote psychotherapy is as effective as in-person treatment. At that time, it usually was the therapist's individual choice to work remotely, whereas the pandemic pushed psychotherapists, including previous skeptics, to incorporate remote work methods into their routine due to limited face-to-face contact. There is little knowledge of the way therapists experienced this sudden and forced transition to remote psychotherapy as the only treatment option. The present study aims to assess psychotherapists' experience and proficiency delivering remote psychotherapy as well as to investigate perceived changes in the psychotherapeutic relationship. Methods: An online survey was administered to psychotherapists of the Austrian Association for Group Therapy and Group Dynamics (ÖAGG). Three test periods (t) were set (t1: April, 2020 with N = 175; t2: May-June, 2020 with N = 177; t3: November-December, 2020 with N = 113). Research was conducted longitudinally using a mixed-methods research design. Results: While psychotherapists' levels of experience with telephone-based psychotherapy remained similar across all test periods, they became slightly more experienced using video therapy over the test period observed. However, they continued to feel less experienced compared to the use of telephone-based psychotherapy. The therapeutic relationship appeared to improve over the course of the first two test periods, while the third period showed a slight decline. No general deterioration of the psychotherapeutic relationship was found in the timespan studied. Conclusion: Despite many challenges and concerns, psychotherapists seem to adapt and enhance their skills in remote psychotherapy over time. The present paper confirms and enhances previous findings in the field due to its longitudinal approach. Remote psychotherapy can be a credible and trustworthy alternative to in-person treatment to be adopted and implemented on principle by a majority of psychotherapists regardless of their orientation. Furthermore, it sheds light on chances, problems und general observations regarding the comprehensive provision of remote psychotherapy in a pandemic situation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: As the use of technology continues to expand within our mental healthcare system, there has been an increasing interest in conducting psychotherapy online using videoconferencing. Literature pertaining to telepsychotherapy has explored possible drawbacks of this modality on the therapeutic relationship, although several studies have shown that the efficacy of online psychotherapy is equivalent to in-person approaches. Little is written about the potential advantages to the psychotherapeutic relationship when psychotherapy is carried out over videoconferencing. METHODS: The available literature was reviewed, as were the general principles of telepsychotherapy and the therapeutic relationship, followed by a more in-depth consideration of patient populations for whom telepsychotherapy may offer distinct advantages. RESULTS: The current literature, as well as our own clinical experience, suggests that telepsychotherapy may be effective for a broad range of patients, and it may offer distinct advantages in the building of a trusting psychotherapeutic relationship. CONCLUSION: Telepsychotherapy offers a novel way to reach and form strong psychotherapeutic relationships with many different types of patients, and it may foster therapeutic intimacy in ways that in-person psychotherapy cannot. More research is needed to further explore this unique modality.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/therapy , Patient Participation/psychology , Physician-Patient Relations , Psychotherapy/methods , Telemedicine/organization & administration , Age Factors , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety/therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Humans , Mental Disorders/psychology , Personality Disorders/psychology , Personality Disorders/therapy , Psychological Trauma/psychology , Psychological Trauma/therapy , Videoconferencing/organization & administrationABSTRACT
El autor comienza el trabajo con una reflexión desde su experiencia, en torno a los quiebres de la confidencialidad, fenómeno frecuente y dañino para el paciente y su entorno. Se señala que la literatura, conceptualiza la confidencialidad como un aspecto inherente y constitutivo del psicoanálisis. Una gran parte de los trabajos anteriores que tratan el tema, se centran en la búsqueda de la psicopatología del terapeuta que efectúa quiebres de la confidencialidad. Se plantea que independiente de la psicología del analista, se trata de una falla técnica que agrede el proceso terapéutico, menoscabando las condiciones necesarias para el progreso del tratamiento y alterando tanto la asociación libre como la atención flotante, esto es, independiente del daño que la infidencia en sí misma pudo producir.Además, se propone una clasificación de los distintos tipos de quiebres de confidencialidad, con el propósito de ordenar este complejo fenómeno
The author begins this paper with a self-reflection, from the perspective of his own experience about the breach of confidentiality, a phenomenon that is common and harmful for the patient and his environment. He points out that the literature conceptualizes confidentiality as an inherent and constitutive aspect of psychoanalysis. Previous papers about this issue had focused mainly on the psychopathology of the therapist who breaks the confidentiality. In this work the author argues that, besides the psychology of the analyst, it is a technical fault that attacks the therapeutic process, undermining the necessary conditions for treatment progress and altering both free association and floating attention, independently of the harm that the misfeasance in itself could produce. Finally, the author proposes a classification scheme of the different types of breaks in confidentiality, in order to organize this complex phenomenon
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Confidentiality/ethics , Psychoanalysis , Disclosure/ethics , Patients , Physician-Patient Relations , PrivacyABSTRACT
O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir como podemos entender a relação terapêutica a partir de um diálogo com a compreensão do outro em Merleau-Ponty. Tendo como pressuposto a Gestalt-terapia para a compreensão das relações entre psicoterapeuta e cliente, problematiza-se as relações humanas e a comunicação no contexto psicoterapêutico. A partir do paradoxo eu-outro e a partir da compreensão da corporeidade como parte do campo homem-mundo, coloca-se em questão o diálogo e o encontro. Defende-se a tese de que em uma relação terapêutica é preciso que psicoterapeuta e cliente se encontrem em suas diferenças. Sendo assim, a postura terapêutica implica em uma busca incessante para a compreensão e a disponibilidade ao outro para que ele, cliente, possa ver a si mesmo por intermédio da diferenças que emergem no campo terapeuta-cliente. O psicoterapeuta deve atuar no campo da relação e, portanto, servir de abertura entre o cliente e o mundo em um esforço para alcançar a vivência experienciada por seu cliente.
The present article has the objective of examining how we can understand the therapeutic relationship from the dialogue with the Merleau-Ponty's concept of other. The human interaction and communication in the psychotherapeutic contexts are discussed utilizing the understanding of psychotherapeutic relationship in Gestalt-therapy. The subject of dialog and the encounter are raised from the paradox I-other as well as the understanding of corporeity as part of the man-world field. The article presents the idea that in a therapeutic relationship both psychotherapist and client must encounter with each other in their differences. That being said, the therapeutic stance implies a non-stop search for the comprehension and the availability of the other so that the client may come to grasp himself through the differences that emerges at the therapist-client field. The psychotherapist must act on the field of the relationship and, therefore, operate as an opening between the client and the world as an effort to reach the lived-experience of his client.
El objetivo del presente artículo es discutir como podemos entender la relación terapéutica a partir del diálogo con el otro en Merleau-Ponty. Teniendo en cuenta que la comprensión de la relación entre psicoterapeuta y cliente en la terapia gestáltica, plantea la cuestión de las relaciones humanas y la comunicación en el contexto terapéutico. A partir de la paradoja yo/otro y de la comprensión de la corporeidad como parte del campo del hombre/mundo, se cuestiona el diálogo y el encuentro. Se defiende la tesis que en una relación terapéutica se precisa que el psicoterapeuta y el cliente se encuentren en sus diferencias. Siendo así, la postura terapéutica implica en una búsqueda incesante de la comprensión y de la disponibilidad al otro, para que este, cliente, pueda verse a sí mismo a través de las diferencias que surgen en el campo terapeuta/cliente. El psicoterapeuta debe actuar en el campo de la relación y, por lo tanto, servir para la abertura entre el cliente y el mundo, en un esfuerzo de alcanzar la vivencia experimentada de su cliente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Communication , Gestalt Therapy , Professional-Patient Relations , PsychotherapyABSTRACT
O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir como podemos entender a relação terapêutica a partir de um diálogo com a compreensão do outro em Merleau-Ponty. Tendo como pressuposto a Gestalt-terapia para a compreensão das relações entre psicoterapeuta e cliente, problematiza-se as relações humanas e a comunicação no contexto psicoterapêutico. A partir do paradoxo eu-outro e a partir da compreensão da corporeidade como parte do campo homem-mundo, coloca-se em questão o diálogo e o encontro. Defende-se a tese de que em uma relação terapêutica é preciso que psicoterapeuta e cliente se encontrem em suas diferenças. Sendo assim, a postura terapêutica implica em uma busca incessante para a compreensão e a disponibilidade ao outro para que ele, cliente, possa ver a si mesmo por intermédio da diferenças que emergem no campo terapeuta-cliente. O psicoterapeuta deve atuar no campo da relação e, portanto, servir de abertura entre o cliente e o mundo em um esforço para alcançar a vivência experienciada por seu cliente.(AU)
The present article has the objective of examining how we can understand the therapeutic relationship from the dialogue with the Merleau-Ponty's concept of other. The human interaction and communication in the psychotherapeutic contexts are discussed utilizing the understanding of psychotherapeutic relationship in Gestalt-therapy. The subject of dialog and the encounter are raised from the paradox I-other as well as the understanding of corporeity as part of the man-world field. The article presents the idea that in a therapeutic relationship both psychotherapist and client must encounter with each other in their differences. That being said, the therapeutic stance implies a non-stop search for the comprehension and the availability of the other so that the client may come to grasp himself through the differences that emerges at the therapist-client field. The psychotherapist must act on the field of the relationship and, therefore, operate as an opening between the client and the world as an effort to reach the lived-experience of his client.(AU)
El objetivo del presente artículo es discutir como podemos entender la relación terapéutica a partir del diálogo con el otro en Merleau-Ponty. Teniendo en cuenta que la comprensión de la relación entre psicoterapeuta y cliente en la terapia gestáltica, plantea la cuestión de las relaciones humanas y la comunicación en el contexto terapéutico. A partir de la paradoja yo/otro y de la comprensión de la corporeidad como parte del campo del hombre/mundo, se cuestiona el diálogo y el encuentro. Se defiende la tesis que en una relación terapéutica se precisa que el psicoterapeuta y el cliente se encuentren en sus diferencias. Siendo así, la postura terapéutica implica en una búsqueda incesante de la comprensión y de la disponibilidad al otro, para que este, cliente, pueda verse a sí mismo a través de las diferencias que surgen en el campo terapeuta/cliente. El psicoterapeuta debe actuar en el campo de la relación y, por lo tanto, servir para la abertura entre el cliente y el mundo, en un esfuerzo de alcanzar la vivencia experimentada de su cliente.(AU)
