ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Early childhood self-regulation (SR) is key for many health- and education-related outcomes across the life span. Kindergarten age is a crucial period for SR development, and within this developmental window, potential SR difficulties can still be compensated for (e.g., through interventions). However, efficient measurement of SR through brief, comprehensive, and easy-to-use instruments that identify SR difficulties are scarce. To address this need, we used items of an internationally applied kindergarten teacher questionnaire-the Early Development Instrument (EDI) - to develop and validate a specific SR measurement scale. METHODS: The psychometric evaluation and validation of the selected SR-items was performed in data collected with the German version of the EDI (GEDI), in two independent data sets - (a) the development dataset, with 191 children, and b) the validation dataset, with 184 children. Both included three- to six-year-old children and contained retest and interrater reliability data. First, three independent raters-based on theory-selected items eligible to form a SR scale from the two SR-relevant GEDI domains "social competence" and "emotional maturity". Second, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling examined the item structure across both data sets. This resulted in a defined SR scale, of which internal consistency, test-retest and interrater reliability, cross-validation, and concurrent validity using correlation and descriptive agreements (Bland-Altman (BA) plots) with an existing validated SR-measuring instrument (the Kindergarten Behavioral Scales) were assessed. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis across both data sets yielded the best fit indices with 13 of the GEDI 20 items initially deemed eligible for SR measurement, and a three-factor structure: a) behavioral response inhibition, b) cognitive inhibition, c) selective or focused attention (RMSEA: 0.019, CFI: 0.998). Psychometric evaluation of the resulting 13-item-GEDI-SR scale revealed good internal consistency (0.92), test-retest and interrater reliability (0.85 and 0.71, respectively), validity testing yielded stability across populations and good concurrent validity with the Kindergarten Behavioral Scales (Pearson correlation coefficient: mean 0.72, range 0.61 to 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: The GEDI contains 13 items suitable to assess SR, either as part of regular EDI developmental monitoring or as a valid stand-alone scale. This short 13-item (G)EDI-SR scale may allow early detection of children with SR difficulties in the kindergarten setting in future and could be the basis for public health intervention planning. To attain this goal, future research should establish appropriate reference values using a representative standardization sample.
Subject(s)
Self-Control , Social Skills , Child , Humans , Child, Preschool , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Psychometrics/methodsABSTRACT
Resumen Los sistemas de información sanitaria son fundamentales para el conocimiento y análisis del estado de salud individual y colectivo, así como para la evaluación de las funciones de los sistemas de salud; basados en el desarrollo de las historias clínicas, los expedientes clínicos permiten el acceso a dicha información. El Conjunto Mínimo de Datos (CMD), es un conjunto esencial de elementos potencialmente disponibles sobre entidades específicas, constituye un extracto de información administrativa, clínica y quirúrgica estandarizados, recogidos a partir del informe de alta o la historia clínica, siendo un paso preliminar en la gestión de información sobre enfermedades, que se traduce en la mejora de la calidad de la atención y el control de las enfermedades, así como en la posibilidad para emprender investigaciones. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue generar un documento de estudio referente al uso del CMD en cirugía, que consideró los mecanismos de aplicación, sus fortalezas y debilidades.
Health information systems are fundamental for the knowledge and analysis of the individual and collective health status, as well as for the evaluation of the functions of the health systems, based on the development of medical records, that allow access to information. The Minimum Data Set (CMD), is an essential set of elements potentially available on specific entities, constitutes an extract of standardized administrative, clinical, and surgical information, collected from the discharge report or the clinical history, being a preliminary step in disease information management that translates into improved quality of care and disease control, as well as the ability to undertake research. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document regarding the use of CMD in surgery, which considered the application mechanisms, as well as its strengths and weaknesses.
Subject(s)
General Surgery , Common Data Elements , Public HealthABSTRACT
Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has become one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide since, after being first identified in India in December 2020, it has spread rapidly, affecting mainly countries with low vaccination rates and those that have relaxed the public health and social measures implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The Delta variant has a higher replication capacity and is associated with viral loads up to 1 260 times higher than those of infections caused by the original strain, which may be associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for oxygen therapy, pneumonia, or even death. Fully vaccinated individuals have almost similar protection against both Delta and Alpha variants. Given the impact of Delta in countries where it is the dominant variant, it is necessary for all countries to develop systematic action plans focused on implementing strict public health and social measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and on increasing vaccination coverage. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this reflection paper is to describe the main characteristics of the Delta variant, its impact on the dynamics of the pandemic in some of the countries where it has been detected, the effectiveness of vaccines against this variant, and its implications for public health in Colombia.
Resumen La variante delta del SARS-CoV-2 se ha convertido en uno de los mayores desafíos en salud pública a nivel mundial, ya que, luego de su identificación en la India en diciembre de 2020, se ha extendido de manera rápida, afectando principalmente a los países con bajas tasas de vacunación, y aquellos que han flexibilizado las medidas de salud pública establecidas para controlar la pandemia por COVID-19. La variante delta tiene una mayor capacidad de replicación y se asocia con cargas virales hasta 1 260 veces más altas en comparación con las de infecciones causadas por la cepa original, lo cual puede estar asociado a mayores probabilidades de hospitalización, ingreso a UCI, necesidad de oxigenoterapia, neumonía, o incluso muerte. Las personas con vacunación completa tienen una protección casi similar contra las variantes delta y alfa. Dado el impacto de delta en los países afectados en los que es la variante dominante, es necesario que todos los países desarrollen planes de acción sistemáticos enfocados en implementar estrictas medidas de salud pública y sociales en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, y aumentar la cobertura de vacunación. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo de esta reflexión es describir las principales características de la variante delta, su impacto en la dinámica de la pandemia en algunos de los países en que ha sido detectada, la efectividad de las vacunas contra esta variante, y sus implicaciones para la salud pública en Colombia.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Worldwide, burnout syndrome is becoming increasingly frequent among dentists, so it is necessary to identify its possible causes. Objective: To describe the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the factors associated with its development among dentists working in hospitals of the Ministry of Health (MINSA) in the Lima Metropolitan Area, Peru. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out between December 2019 and January 2020 in 105 dentists working in the 11 MINSA hospitals in the Lima Metropolitan Area. The Maslach Burnout Inventory instrument was used to measure burnout. Factors such as sex, age, marital status, type of shift, years of experience as a dentist, whether they performed any other dentistry-related work activity, and hours of physical activity and leisure per day were evaluated. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were obtained to analyze the association between the presence of the syndrome and the factors. Results: The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 28.57%. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment levels were high in 90.47%, 98.09% and 35.23% of the participants, respectively. The presence of the syndrome was 47% lower in women (aPR=0.53, p=0.044) compared to men, and 70% lower in those who reported having worked as dentists between 11 and 20 years (aPR=0.30, p=0.017), compared to those with less than 11 years of work experience as dentists. Conclusions: Almost one third of the participants had burnout syndrome. In addition, the majority of dentists showed high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Being a woman and having 11 to 20 years of work experience as dentists were protective factors for burnout syndrome.
Resumen Introducción. En el mundo, el síndrome de burnout es cada vez más frecuente en odontólogos, por lo que es necesario identificar sus posibles causas. Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout y los factores asociados a su desarrollo en odontólogos que trabajan en hospitales del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico realizado entre diciembre de 2019 y enero de 2020 en 105 odontólogos de los 11 hospitales del MINSA de Lima Metropolitana. Se usó el instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory para medir el burnout. Se evaluaron factores como sexo, edad, estado civil, tipo de jornada laboral, años de ejercicio laboral, si realizaba otra actividad laboral relacionada y horas diarias de ejercicio físico y de ocio. Se obtuvieron razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas (c) y ajustadas (a) para analizar la asociación entre presencia del síndrome y los factores. Resultados. La prevalencia del síndrome de burnout fue de 28.57%. Los niveles de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal fueron altos en 90.47%, 98.09% y 35.23% de los participantes, respectivamente. La presencia del síndrome fue 47.00% menor en las mujeres (RPa=0.53, p=0.044) en comparación con los hombres, y 70.00% menor en quienes reportaron tener entre 11 y 20 años de ejercicio laboral (RPa=0.30, p=0.017), comparado con aquellos con menos de 11 años de experiencia laboral. Conclusiones. Casi un tercio de los participantes tuvieron síndrome de burnout; además, la mayoría de los odontólogos presentó altos niveles de agotamiento emocional y despersonalización. Ser mujer y tener entre 11 y 20 años de ejercicio laboral se comportaron como factores protectores.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Elaborar una escala válida y fiable para medir el rol del profesional de enfermería en la comunidad (REFCO).DiseñoEstudio observacional con diseño transversal de tipo instrumental.EmplazamientoCentros poblados y comunidades de la Costa, Sierra y Selva del Perú.ParticipantesLa fase de validación del cuestionario contó con la participación voluntaria de 402 adultos peruanos (50,7% de la costa, 40,5% de la sierra y 8,8% de la selva).IntervencionesSe aplicó el cuestionario elaborado que mide las percepciones sobre la escala REFCO.Mediciones principalesSe analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala REFCO, tales como la validación de contenido y consistencia interna a través del cálculo de V de Aiken, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y posteriormente análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), respectivamente. Finalmente, se calculó la confiabilidad de la escala.ResultadosTodos los valores fueron estadísticamente significativos cuando se evaluaron con el coeficiente de V-Aiken. Asimismo, los valores de asimetría y curtosis de todos los ítems del instrumento no exceden el rango > ± 1,5. Las correlaciones entre el factor 1 y 2 fueron significativas (p <,05). La confiabilidad de la escala presenta un coeficiente α de Cronbach = 0,865.ConclusionesLa escala REFCO posee nueve ítems y dos dimensiones, salida al campo y educación, con validez de contenido y constructo que proporcionan evidencia para categorías de enfermería comunitaria, siendo útil para medir la labor de la misma en el campo comunitario.
Objective: To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the role of the nursing professional in the community (REFCO).DesignObservational with cross-sectional and instrumental design.SitePopulated centers and communities of the coast, highlands and jungle from Peru.ParticipantsThe validation phase of the questionnaire had the voluntary participation of 402 Peruvian adults (50.7% from the coast, 40.5% from the highlands and 8.8% from the jungle).InterventionsThe elaborated questionnaire that measures perceptions about the role of the nursing professional in the community was applied.Main measurementsThe psychometric properties of the REFCO scale were analyzed, such as content validation and internal consistency through the calculation of Aiken's V, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and later confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. Finally, the reliability of the scale was calculated.ResultsOverall, all values were statistically significant when evaluated with the V-Aiken coefficient. Likewise, the skewness and kurtosis values of all the items of the instrument did not exceed the range >±1.5. The correlations between factors 1 and 2 were significant (p < .05). The reliability of the scale presents a Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.865.ConclusionsThe REFCO scale has 9 items and 2 dimensions; outreach and education; with content and construct validity that provide evidence for community nursing categories, which is useful for measuring nursing work in the community field.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Health Sciences , Primary Health Care , Community Health Nursing/methods , Public Perception of Science , Peru , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the role of the nursing professional in the community (REFCO). DESIGN: Observational with cross-sectional and instrumental design. SITE: Populated centers and communities of the coast, highlands and jungle from Peru. PARTICIPANTS: The validation phase of the questionnaire had the voluntary participation of 402 Peruvian adults (50.7% from the coast, 40.5% from the highlands and 8.8% from the jungle). INTERVENTIONS: The elaborated questionnaire that measures perceptions about the role of the nursing professional in the community was applied. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The psychometric properties of the REFCO scale were analyzed, such as content validation and internal consistency through the calculation of Aiken's V, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and later confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. Finally, the reliability of the scale was calculated. RESULTS: Overall, all values were statistically significant when evaluated with the V-Aiken coefficient. Likewise, the skewness and kurtosis values of all the items of the instrument did not exceed the range >±1.5. The correlations between factors 1 and 2 were significant (p < .05). The reliability of the scale presents a Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.865. CONCLUSIONS: The REFCO scale has 9 items and 2 dimensions; outreach and education; with content and construct validity that provide evidence for community nursing categories, which is useful for measuring nursing work in the community field.
Subject(s)
Reproducibility of Results , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Peru , Psychometrics , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumen Los avances en la investigación clínica, genética y molecular del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) realizados durante los últimos años han permitido su detección temprana, así como su tratamiento oportuno. Sin embargo, uno de los mayores desafíos de esta enfermedad es su naturaleza heterogénea y la participación de diversas vías moleculares en su carcinogénesis. La implementación de las tecnologías ómicas -como la genómica, la proteómica, la transcriptómica y la epigenómica- en la investigación biomédica de pacientes con CCR hereditario ha permitido identificar nuevos genes o polimorfismos de nucléotido único (SNP, por su sigla en inglés) que afectan la expresividad del cáncer. Por otra parte, las herramientas bioinformáticas han contribuido a generar nuevas hipótesis sobre el CCR, orientando el abordaje de estos pacientes hacia una medicina personalizada. Este avance científico y tecnológico tiene un impacto en la salud, tanto a nivel individual como colectivo, por lo que es importante reflexionar sobre la viabilidad de desarrollar estrategias de salud pública para la implementación de un programa integral y genético de prevención y manejo del cáncer en Perú, en especial del CCR hereditario.
Abstract Progress in clinical, genetic and molecular research of colorectal cancer (CRC) in recent years has allowed its early detection and timely and targeted treatment. However, one of the greatest challenges is the heterogeneous nature of CRC and the involvement of various molecular pathways in its carcinogenesis. The implementation of technologies known as omics -such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics- in biomedical research on patients with hereditary CRC has allowed the identification of new genes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the expressivity of cancer. Bioinformatics tools have also contributed to generate new hypotheses about CRC, guiding the approach to these patients towards personalized medicine. This scientific and technological progress has an impact on health, both at the individual and the collective level, so it is important to reflect on the feasibility of developing public health strategies for the implementation of a comprehensive and genetic program for the prevention and treatment of cancer in Peru, especially hereditary CRC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Colorectal Neoplasms , Public Health , GeneticsABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Physical activity is important for achieving healthy aging. Objective: To analyze changes in anthropometric parameters and physical fitness among Chilean older adults after participating in a 16-week physical activity program and to evaluate whether there were differences in relation to their baseline nutritional status or not. Materials and methods: Pre-experimental quantitative study. The study population consisted of 176 older adults (155 women and 21 men) distributed in three groups: normal weight (n = 56), overweight (n=67) and obese (n = 53). The following variables were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and physical fitness. Results: Significant decreases between pre- and post-measurements were found for WC (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.015), and WHR (p<0.001). Improvements were observed in the following tests: chair stand (p<0.001), arm curl (p<0.001), 2-min step (p<0.001), chair sit-&-reach (p=0.018) and back scratch (p=0.014). Regarding BMI, significant changes were observed between normal weight vs. overweight participants (p=0.001) and between normal weight vs. obese participants (p=0.001). Conclusion: Older adult participants that regularly attended the physical activity program were able to reduce their WC, BMI and WHR, and also improved their physical-functional performance on the chair stand, arm curl, 2-min step, chair sit-&-reach and back scratch tests. In addition, anthropometric parameters and physical fitness also improved regardless of their baseline nutritional status.
Resumen Introducción. La actividad física es de gran importancia para lograr un envejecimiento saludable. Objetivos. Estudiar los cambios en los parámetros antropométricos y la condición física de adultos mayores (AM) chilenos después de 16 semanas de participación en un programa de actividad física, y evaluar las diferencias en relación con su estado nutricional inicial. Materiales y métodos. Estudio pre-experimental cuantitativo. Población: 176 AM (155 mujeres y 21 hombres) distribuidos en 3 grupos: normopesos (n = 56), sobrepesos (n=67) y obesos (n = 53). Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura-estatura (ICE) y condición física. Resultados. Se observaron reducciones significativas en PC (p<0.001), IMC (p=0.015) e ICE (p<0.001), y mejoras en las siguientes pruebas: sentarse y levantarse de una silla (p<0.001), flexiones del codo (p<0.001), dos minutos de marcha (p<0.001), flexión del tronco en silla (p=0.018) y juntar las manos tras la espalda (p=0.014). Se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto al IMC entre participantes normopesos y sobrepesos (p=0.001), y entre normopesos y obesos (p=0.001). Conclusión. Los AM que participaron regularmente en el programa de actividad física lograron reducir su PC, IMC e ICE y mejorar su rendimiento físico-funcional en las pruebas de sentarse y levantarse de una silla, flexiones de codo, dos minutos de marcha, y flexibilidad del tren inferior y superior. Además, sus parámetros antropométricos y su condición física mejoraron independientemente de su estado nutricional inicial.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: In Colombia, there are 5 000 cases of ophidism per year. This is a public health issue that causes mortality in 8% of cases and disability in 10% due to inadequate clinical attention. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with ophidic accident in a tertiary hospital in Colombia. Materials and methods: A review of clinical charts that included a diagnosis of ophidism during the 2004-2014 period was made at Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana Empresa Social del Estado. The frequency of the variables associated with snake bites, previous treatment and in-hospital management was analyzed. Results: 42 medical charts were reviewed. Ophidism predominated in male farmers, who presented with bites in the lower limbs and were initially treated by medicine men/women. 90% of patients developed superinfections, 30% wound culture, 74% received antibiotics, 50% underwent fasciotomy and 95.2% were given antivenin. Conclusions: Significant variability in the management of patients, discrepancy in antivenin dose and in classification of poisoning severity were observed throughout the study, as well as a high incidence of infections despite antibiotic schemes and surgical procedures. Medical management of ophidic accidents must be continuously updated to reduce disability and mortality in patients.
Resumen Introducción. En Colombia se presentan 5 000 casos de ofidismo anuales, un problema de salud pública que por manejo inadecuado provoca mortalidad en el 8% de los casos y discapacidad en el 10%. Objetivo. Describir las características clínicoepidemiológicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con accidente ofídico en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de las historias clínicas con diagnóstico de ofidismo del Hospital Universitario De La Samaritana Empresa Social del Estado, en el período 2004-2014, analizando la frecuencia en las variables asociadas a la mordedura de serpiente, el tratamiento previo y el manejo intrahospitalario. Resultados. Se revisaron 42 historias clínicas. Predominó el ofidismo en hombres agricultores, con mordedura en miembros inferiores y asistidos inicialmente por curanderos. 90% de los pacientes presentó sobreinfección, 30% tuvo cultivo de la herida, 74% recibió antibiótico, al 50% se les realizó fasciotomía y al 95.2% se le suministró antiveneno. Conclusiones. Se evidenció variabilidad en el manejo de los pacientes y discrepancia en la dosis de antiveneno y la clasificación de severidad del envenenamiento, alta incidencia de infecciones a pesar del esquema antibiótico y procedimientos quirúrgicos reevaluados en ofidismo. El manejo médico del accidente ofídico debe estar en continua actualización para disminuir discapacidad y mortalidad en los pacientes.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Malawi is a low-income country with one of the highest HIV prevalence rates worldwide (Kendig et al., Trop Med Health 41:163-170, 2013). The health system depends largely on external funding. Official German development aid has supported health care in Malawi for many years (German Embassy Lilongwe, The German Development Cooperation in Malawi), including placing medical doctors in various departments of the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe. In 2008, a hospital partnership called MAGNET (Malawi German Networking for Capacity Building in Treatment, Training and Research at KCH) evolved as part of the German ESTHER network. The partnership was abruptly terminated in 2015. METHODS: We reviewed 35 partnership documents and conducted an online survey of partnership stakeholders to retrospectively assess the hospital partnership based on the Capacity WORKS model of the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ). This model evaluates systems' management and implementation to understand and support the functioning of cooperation within societies. Based on this model, we considered the five success factors for cooperation management: (1) strategy, (2) cooperation, (3) steering, (4) processes, and (5) learning and innovation. In an online survey, we used an adapted version of the partnership evaluation tool by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). RESULTS: From 2008 to 2015, the MAGNET partnership contributed to capacity building and improved patient care in the KCH Medical Department through clinical care, technical support, teaching and trainings, and operations research based on mutually agreed upon objectives. The MAGNET partnership was implemented in three phases during which there were changes in leadership in the Medical Department and the hospital, contractual policies, funder priorities and the competing influences of other actors. Communication and follow up among partners worked best during phases when a German doctor was onsite. The partnership was judged as a positive driver for change and support within the Medical Department, but eventually failed to implement self-sustainable, robust processes within the partnership to cope with multiple changes and challenges. CONCLUSION: The MAGNET partnership made a considerable contribution to patient care, continuous medical education and operations research at KCH, despite its abrupt termination. Changes in the institutional infrastructure, donor policy and interpersonal relations contributed to the loss of shared expectations and the end of the project. Institutional-hospital partnerships, like MAGNET, can make a valuable contribution to health care provision and hence a wider health agenda, provided there is a flexible, mutually agreed upon strategy, personal commitment, continuous communication and robust processes. However, partnership projects remain vulnerable to the influences of external actors and structures. Ministries of Health and donor agencies should appreciate the particular strength of hospital partnerships.
Subject(s)
Capacity Building , Patient Care , Hospitals , Humans , International CooperationABSTRACT
Resumen El consumo excesivo de alimentos fuente de grasa, acompañado por estilos de vida sedentarios, afecta el peso corporal y la salud. La ingesta de grasa total se relaciona con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el perfil lipídico, por tanto la reducción de su consumo disminuye el peso, el IMC, el colesterol total (CT) y el colesterol LDL. La alteración del perfil lipídico es un factor de riesgo para sufrir enfermedades cardiocerebrovasculares; los ácidos grasos trans (AGT) y ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) se consideran factor de riesgo para algunos tipos de cáncer. La reducción del consumo de grasa saturada puede presentar un efecto protector para eventos cardiovasculares. Además, la disminución del consumo de AGS y el aumento de ácidos grasos monosaturados y poliinsaturados puede reducir el colesterol LDL. La normativa regulatoria del contenido de nutrientes de los alimentos debe ser priorizada con medidas eficaces que protejan la salud del consumidor; es así como varios países cuentan con regulaciones sobre el contenido de grasas. Además, se han realizado acciones exitosas en salud pública como la implementación de diferentes tipos de aceite y acciones educativas con el fin de lograr el consumo de alimentos más saludables.
Abstract The excessive consumption of high-fat foods and a sedentary lifestyle affect body weight and health. The overall fat intake relates to the body mass index (BMI) and the lipid profile; therefore, reducing fat intake helps reducing body weight, BMI, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Lipid profile variation is a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases; trans-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated-fatty acids are considered to have influence on certain types of cancer. Reduction in saturated fat intake may have a protective effect on cardiovascular events. Additionally, reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and increasing mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids can lower LDL cholesterol. The regulatory dispositions regarding nutrient contents must be prioritized considering effective measures to protect consumer health with this idea in mind, some countries have regulations on fat content. Furthermore, successful actions in public health have been taken, such as the implementation of different types of oils and educational campaigns to achieve the consumption of healthier foods.