Was COVID-19 an unexpected catalyst for more equitable learning outcomes? A comparative analysis after two years of disrupted schooling in Australian primary schools.

By the end of 2021, more than 168 million students across the globe had missed a year of face-to-face schooling due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In NSW, Australia, most students engaged in learning from home for eight weeks during 2020 and a further 14 weeks during 2021. This study provides robust empirical evidence on how two years of disruptions to schooling affected student learning. Drawing on matched data for 3,827 Year 3 and 4 students from 101 NSW government schools, this paper compares student achievement growth in mathematics and reading for 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (second year of the pandemic) student cohorts. While overall there was no significant difference between cohorts, when analysed by socio-educational advantage, we were surprised to find that students in the lowest band achieved approximately three months' additional growth in mathematics. Arguably, grave concerns about the potentially dire impact of COVID-19 on the learning of disadvantaged students were met by investments that made a difference. We argue that targeted funding and system-wide initiatives to support more equitable outcomes should remain a priority after the pandemic if Australia is to meet its aspirations for excellence and equity.

Mindful Movement Intervention Applied to at Risk Urban School Children for Improving Motor, Cognitive, and Emotional-Behavioral Regulation.

Objectives: Preliminary evidence has supported the notion that mindful movement-based practices may offer benefits for self-regulation, particularly for vulnerable children. However, this evidence has principally stemmed from subjective assessments of behavioral change, leaving the underlying mechanisms undetermined. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an in-school mindful movement intervention (MMI) for at-risk children within an urban public school for enhancing motor, cognitive, and emotional-behavioral regulation, including control of disruptive and inattentive behaviors characteristic of ADHD. Method: Participants included 38 (age 7-8 years) children who received twice weekly, in-school MMI, including a modified Tai Chi sequence, yoga and biomechanical warm-ups, imaginative play, and reflection. Parent and teacher ratings of disruptive behaviors, and objective measures of motor and cognitive control, were collected at baseline and after 5 months of MMI. Results: Significant improvements in teacher ratings of inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, oppositional, and other disruptive behaviors were observed. Significant improvements were also observed for objective measures of both cognitive control and motor control with particular reductions in both right and left dysrhythmia. Conclusions: MMI was associated with improvements across objective and subjective assessments of motor, cognitive, and behavioral control. This proof-of-principle investigation provides preliminary support for the efficacy and feasibility of a novel MMI implemented as part of the school day in an urban school setting with 7-8-year-old children to augment development of at-risk youth. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-022-02063-7.

The Need for Community-Responsive and Flexible Sex Ed for Historically Marginalized Youth.

Introduction: When it is offered, sexuality education in the USA is far from standardized. While studies have explored differences in delivery and type of sexuality education across the USA, sexual and reproductive health inequities persist among historically marginalized groups (Latino/a/x, Black, African American, LGBTQ +). There is a critical need to better understand the systemic barriers to receiving effective sexuality education in these communities. Methods: Participatory research methods were used in working with a community advisory board (CAB)-consisting of emerging adults and service providers from community-based organizations (CBOs) serving youth-to examine how structural barriers contribute to adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) inequities in Massachusetts. CAB meetings and semi-structured interviews were conducted in the cities of Springfield (n = 14) and Lynn (n = 9) between December 2020 and May 2021. Results: Inflexible funding guidelines, a related evidence-based curricular mandate, and a lack of community-responsive sexuality education fail to meet the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of these youth. Conclusions: Current evidence-based mandates must be revisited to improve young people's access to quality sexuality information in public schools. To guarantee sexuality education curricula is centered in the context of the community and population in which it is implemented, collaboration between youth-serving CBOs and school districts could improve students' overall experience and social-emotional growth by providing comprehensive, positive, and community-responsive curricula. Policy Implications: Funders and programming should prioritize community responsiveness by financially supporting and developing and/or adapting evidence-based curricula to better match the community's needs, which can be completed through culture-centered training and community-based partnership.

Experiences from a Balint group intervention with urban public school teachers.

Background: U.S. teacher shortages have more than tripled since the 2012-2013 school year, to over 110 000 teachers needed in 2016. At the conclusion of the 2011-12 school year, 13.8% of public-school teachers left their position. Approximately 50% of the public-school teachers cited the inability to manage their roles as the primary factor for leaving. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of participation in a 6-month Balint group experience on a novice teacher's self-efficacy, experience with burnout, and intentions to persist in the classroom. Research Design: A converged mixed-methods approach was used. Each question was explored with a corresponding qualitative and a quantitative dataset. Data Collection: Qualitative data included (a) a semi-structured focus group; (b) field notes shared from the co-facilitator and Balint group leader; (c) semi-structured debriefs with the Balint group leaders; (d) open-ended questions on the pre and post-test reflection forms, and (e) semi-structured interviews with 3 participants that served as a form of member checking. Quantitative data included pre and post-test and monthly reflection forms that were collected at the conclusion of each meeting. Teacher's self-efficacy, experience with burnout, and intentions to persist in the classroom. Study Sample: Eight teachers volunteered for the group after an email solicitation to all the teacher development program's members. Results: This article examines sources of stress for new teachers, themes that came up in the Balint group that reflect the stress and its impact, and changes in felt burnout, self-efficacy, an intent to persist in teaching. Teachers faced similar stressors to professionals in the medical field. Conclusion: Balint offers an opportunity to addres the social and emotional needs teachers face.

Educação física e saúde na escola pública: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Educación física y salud en la escuela pública: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Physical education and health in public school: a systematic review of the literature

Esta revisão sistemática objetivou analisar como a saúde vem sendo abordada em artigos acadêmicos nacionais que tratam da Educação Física em escolas públicas e relacionar concepções de saúde e visões de Educação Física presentes. A busca foi realizada no Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Os artigos incluídos (n=18) foram submetidos à Análise Temática de Conteúdo. A maioria (n=13) articula as concepções Biomédica e Comportamental de saúde e uma visão Técnico-Instrumental da Educação Física, dois deles apresentando abordagem Normativo-Comportamental de Educação em Saúde. Uma minoria (n=cinco) apresenta uma concepção Socioambiental de Saúde, dos quais apenas dois, uma visão Pedagógico-Reflexiva da Educação Física Escolar articulada à abordagem Crítico-Reflexiva de Educação em Saúde. A perspectiva ampliada de saúde e uma visão Pedagógico-Reflexiva da Educação Física ainda são pouco presentes nas pesquisas acadêmicas. (AU)

Esta revisión sistemática trató de analizar cómo se aborda la salud en artículos académicos nacionales de Educación Física en escuelas públicas y relacionar los conceptos de salud y las visiones de la Educación Física presentes. La búsqueda se realizó en el Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Los artículos incluidos (n = 18) fueron sometidos a un Análisis de Contenido Temático. La mayoría (n = 13) articula las concepciones Biomédica y Conductual de la salud y una visión Técnico-Instrumental de la Educación Física, dos de ellos presentan un enfoque Normativo-Conductual de Educación en Salud. Una minoría (n = cinco) tiene una concepción Socioambiental de Salud, de los cuales dos, tienen una visión Pedagógico-Reflexiva de Educación Física Escolar articulada al enfoque Crítico-Reflexivo de Educación en Salud. La perspectiva ampliada de salud y una mirada Pedagógico-Reflexiva de Educación Física son poco presentes en las investigaciones académicas. (AU)

This systematic review aimed to analyze how health has been approached in national academic articles that deal with Physical Education in public schools and to relate health concepts and Physical Education views present. The search was performed on the CAPES Periodicals Portal. The articles included (n = 18) were submitted to Thematic Content Analysis. Most of them (n = 13) articulate the Biomedical and Behavioral conceptions of health and a Technical-Instrumental view of Physical Education, two of them presenting a Normative-Behavioral approach to Health Education. A minority (n = five) has a Socio-environmental concept of Health, of which only two express a Pedagogical-Reflexive view of School Physical Education articulated the Critical-Reflexive approach to Health Education. The expanded health perspective and a Pedagogical-Reflective view of Physical Education are still not present in academic research. (AU)

Teachers' demographic and occupational attributes predict feelings of hopelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many emotional consequences for teachers, including feelings of isolation, loneliness, and hopelessness. However, evidence on the prevalence of hopelessness and the associated factors in teachers during the pandemic is limited. The purpose of this research was to examine the prevalence of hopelessness in public school teachers and identify risk factors associated with it. A sample of 168 teachers aged 25-49 years participated in the study by completing the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The results revealed a moderate level of experienced hopelessness in teachers. Hopelessness prevalence was also significantly different across teacher gender (males = 79%), age groups (>40 = 77%), socioeconomic status (poor socioeconomic status = 70%), educational level (high school teachers = 79%), professional experience (experienced teachers = 82%), and perceived social support (low perceived social support = 79%). The results of a logistic regression analysis confirmed the effects of these demographic and occupational attributes on hopelessness by explaining ~71% of the variance in hopelessness feelings. Higher odds ratios were associated with age, socioeconomic status, and perceived social support, signifying the prominence of these factors in predicting hopelessness. The study contributes to identifying and screening teachers at risk of hopelessness in public schools and recommends promoting collegial/superior support as well as a positive school climate as the protective factors against hopelessness.

Schooling upheaval during COVID-19: troubling consequences for students' return to school.

Efforts to contain the COVID-19 virus resulted in various stay-at-home orders and school closures around the globe, causing unprecedented disruption to the lives of children and generating grave concern for their well-being. This study draws on phone interviews with 12 teachers and 6 school leaders from 13 government schools in New South Wales, Australia, to provide insight into how students fared on their return to school after the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020. The interviews highlighted negative consequences for many students including increased stress and anxiety and decreased engagement. This evidence suggests that even a comparatively short period of school closure can drive troubling changes in students' well-being and behaviour following their return to school. Given far more challenging conditions arising from the pandemic, both elsewhere in Australia and globally, we argue that attending to student well-being is as important as ensuring academic achievement and must be a key focus of policy makers and education systems moving forward.

T oxocara canis prevalence in soil, dog stool, and human serum samples from a rural village in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxocara spp. from dogs and cats. The Philippines is among the countries recorded to have abundant stray cats and dogs; however, few studies have been done to elucidate the transmission dynamics and the potential risks associated with toxocariasis. This study was conducted in a rural village in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis among selected public schoolchildren and identify some risk factors that can contribute to the transmission dynamics of toxocariasis in the study site. To elucidate this, serum samples from 50 public school children (ages 8-13) were tested using a Toxocara canis IgG ELISA kit, while 60 randomly selected households were chosen for collection of soil and dog samples. Sixty soil and dog fecal samples were collected and processed through modified sucrose flotation technique and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique, respectively. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted per household to determine potential risk factors. Results revealed that 60% of the public-school children examined were positive for anti-Toxocara canis antibodies, while 38.3% of the soil samples and 28% of the dog fecal samples were found positive for contamination with Toxocara ova. Deworming of pets was found to be significantly correlated to risk factors of infection (p < 0.05). This study highlights the potential risks of toxocariasis infection of residents in rural communities. Strict implementation of ordinances related to responsible pet ownership as well as promotion of sanitation and hygiene should be employed.

Medida de Competências Socioemocionais de Docentes de Ensino Fundamental (EMODOC): evidências de validade / Measure of Socio-Emotional Competences of Elementary School Teachers (EMODOC): evidence of validity / Medida de Competencias Socioemocionales de Docentes de Enseñanza Básica (EMODOC): evidencias de validez

O objetivo deste estudo foi construir e verificar as propriedades psicométricas da medida de competências socioemocionais (CSEs) de docentes de ensino fundamental (EMODOC). Tais competências são resultantes da articulação entre conhecimentos, habilidades e motivações para lidar com demandas socioemocionais. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira, de cunho qualitativo, foram realizados grupos focais e entrevistas com o público-alvo para auxiliar a construção dos itens. Análise de juízes também foi realizada considerando índice de concordância. A segunda, de natureza quantitativa, avaliou as qualidades psicométricas do EMODOC em amostra composta por 188 docentes da rede pública de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Os resultados indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial com a presença de três facetas. Conclui-se que o EMODOC apresenta evidências de validade e precisão. Destaca-se que a medida inova ao considerar os aspectos situacionais do fenômeno, avaliando as CSEs dos professores em situações de interação com alunos em sala de aula.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to develop and verify the psychometrics properties of the socio-emotional competences (SECs) measure for elementary school teachers (EMODOC). These competences are results of the articulation between knowledge, abilities and motivations to deal with socio-emotional demands. The study was carried out in two stages. In the first qualitative stage, focus groups and interviews were conducted with teachers to support the development of the items. Analysis by judges was then performed considering the agreement index. The second quantitative stage, evaluated the psychometric qualities of the EMODOC with a sample composed of 188 public school teachers from a capital city in the northeast of Brazil. The results indicated a unifactorial structure with the presence of three facets. It was concluded that the EMODOC presents evidence of validity and reliability. This measure is innovative considering the situational aspects of the phenomenon, evaluating the SECs of teachers in situations of interaction with students in the classroom.(AU)

El propósito de este estudio fue construir y verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la medida de competencias socioemocionales (CSEs) de los docentes de enseñanza básica (EMODOC). Tales competencias son resultantes de la articulación entre conocimientos, habilidades y motivaciones para hacer frente a las demandas socioemocionales. El estudio se realizó en dos etapas. La primera, de carácter cualitativo, basada en grupos focales y entrevistas con el público objetivo para auxiliar en la construcción de los ítems. También se efectuaron análisis por jueces considerando el índice de concordancia. La segunda, de naturaleza cuantitativa, evaluó las cualidades psicométricas del EMODOC en una muestra compuesta por 188 docentes de escuelas públicas de una ciudad capital de la región noreste de Brasil. Los resultados indicaron una estructura unifactorial con presencia de tres facetas. Se concluye que el EMODOC presenta evidencias de validez y precisión. Cabe destacar que esta medida innova al considerar los aspectos situacionales del fenómeno, evaluando las CSEs de los docentes en situaciones de interacción con los alumnos en el aula.(AU)

Environmental scan of COVID-19 infection dashboards in the Florida public school system.

Public dashboards have been one of the most effective tools to provide critical information about COVID-19 cases during the pandemic. However, dashboards for COVID-19 that have not received a lot of scrutiny are those from the public school system. We conducted an environmental scan of published dashboards that report and track new COVID-19 infections in the Florida public school system. We found that thirty-four percent of counties do not provide any public dashboard, and there was significant heterogeneity in the data quality and framework of existing systems. There were poor interfaces without visual tools to trace the trend of COVID-19 cases in public schools and significant limitations for data extraction. Given these observations, it is impossible to conduct meaningful policy evaluations and proper surveillance. Additional work and oversight are needed to improve public data reported.

Barriers to and Facilitators for Teachers' Wellbeing.

Teaching is widely recognized as a stressful profession, which has been connected to burnout and high turnover of qualified teachers. Despite increasing attention on teacher wellbeing, stress management interventions are often underutilized and demonstrate small effect sizes, and research on teachers' informal stress management practices and desired resources is limited. It is likely that formal and informal intervention effectiveness is limited by teachers' ability to access existing resources and navigate the complex educational systems they inhabit. The study explored the barriers to and facilitators for teachers' engagement in formal and informal stress management interventions and desired resources across socioecological levels. Thirty-two teachers participated across four focus groups. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify relevant themes. Personal barriers (e.g., guilt about self-prioritization), environmental barriers (e.g., mixed messages about self-care), and improved campus resources (e.g., scheduled opportunities to destress) were common themes. Recommendations for supporting teachers' wellbeing include self-care affirming messages from peers and administrators, campus- and district-level changes to remove logistical barriers to stress management, and increased connectedness among campus community members.

Remote schooling during a pandemic: Visibly Muslim mothering and the entanglement of personal and political.

This experimental double-conscious autoethnography narrates my navigation of remote learning after the COVID-19 outbreak between mid-March and early June 2020 as an apparent Muslim mother at a public school in upstate New York. To this end, using handwritten notes in a daily journal, I first delineated the process of becoming a visibly Muslim mother, which started earlier and reached a head after moving to the United States in 2018. In this way, using an autoethnographic style based on my experience of remote learning as a Muslim mother, I will present a dialog with feminist insights to reiterate that personal experience and cultural experience are incapable of being disentangled, that personal experience matters, and that all experience, however personal or private, is structured in a broader political and historical context.

Implementation of Covid-19 protection protocols and its implication on learning & teaching in public schools.

This study aimed to investigate the implementation of COVID-19 protection protocols and its implication on teaching -learning process in schools of Werabe administrative town. A concurrent embedded research design and mixed approach were used to carry out the current study and collect data in that order. To conduct the study, 140 teachers, 12 principals, and 6 supervisors were selected by simple random, purposive, and availability sampling techniques respectively. To gather the data, a questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation checklist, focus group discussion, and document analysis were used. The analysis of quantitative data was carried out by using mean and multiple regressions, while qualitative data was analysed through thematic description and word narration. The results showed that COVID-19 protection protocols were not strictly implemented as per the standards set by both Ministry of Education and the World Health Organization. In addition, the study exposed school community-related factors like reluctance in keeping physical distancing (mean = 4.28, Beta = 0.29, p < 0.05) and resource-related factors like shortage of thermometer (mean = 2.85, Beta = 0.25, p < 0.05) are significantly affecting the implementation of COVID-19 protection protocols. The findings further indicated that the school-community related and the resource-related factors directly affected the classroom teaching-learning process, render students' families and education sectors for additional financial expenses. Therefore, encouraging communication and coordination among education actors, families, learners, and health communities need to be re-strengthened, and the implementation of protection protocols has to be enforced.

An Environmental and Nutritional Evaluation of School Food Menus in Bahia, Brazil That Contribute to Local Public Policy to Promote Sustainability.

Aimed at improving the quality of school meals, the Sustainable School Program (SSP) implemented low-carbon meals, twice a week, in 155 schools of 4 municipalities, reaching more than 32,000 students. This study evaluated the environmental impact and nutritional viability of this intervention for this population. The 15 most repeated meals from the conventional and sustainable menus were selected, and we considered the school age group and number of meals served per student/day. Nutritional information was calculated using validated food composition tables, nutritional adequacy was assessed using National School Feeding Program (PNAE) requirements, the level of processing was considered using NOVA classification, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) were estimated using food life cycle assessment (LCA) validated data. We found both conventional and sustainable food menus are equivalent, in terms of nutrients, except for calcium, iron, and magnesium. Sustainable food menus were cholesterol-free. However, there was a reduction of up to 17% in GHGE, depending on the school age group analysed. Considering the greater energy efficiency and lower environmental impact of these food menus, the SSP, therefore, demonstrates that a substantial reduction in climate impact is feasible, successful, and can be an inspiration to other regions globally.

Formação de gestores públicos escolares à luz da reflexividade prática / Formación de gestores de escuelas públicas a la luz de la reflexividad práctica / Training of public-school managers in the light of practical reflexivity

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é buscar a interpretação de experiências e dos significados atribuídos pelos gestores escolares durante seu processo de capacitação no contexto da formação continuada oferecida pelo Governo do Estado da Paraíba. Com base na participação num dos módulos de formação continuada de gestores escolares com 35 diretores e carga horária de 24 horas, utilizamos os elementos constituintes do diálogo reflexivo para compreender a formação de gestores escolares. Os resultados apontam para uma dissonância entre o conteúdo da formação em relação à realidade e demandas dos gestores escolares, criando um binômio teoria x prática. É possível também identificar os problemas políticos que envolvem a escolha dos diretores escolares e as consequências na prática de fazer gestão. A formação de gestores públicos, ancorada na reflexividade prática, pode ser considerada um mecanismo de contribuição para a gestão democrática.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es buscar una interpretación de las experiencias y significados atribuidos por los administradores escolares durante su formación en el contexto de educación permanente ofrecida por el Gobierno del Estado de Paraíba. Con base en la participación en uno de los módulos de formación continua para administradores escolares con 35 directores y una carga de trabajo de 24 horas, utilizamos los elementos constitutivos del diálogo reflexivo para comprender la formación de administradores escolares. Los resultados apuntan a una disonancia entre los contenidos formativos en relación con la realidad y demandas de los directivos, creando un binomio teoría-práctica. También es posible identificar los problemas políticos en torno a la elección de directores escolares y las consecuencias en la práctica del hacer. La formación de gestores públicos, anclada en la reflexividad práctica, puede ser considerada un mecanismo para contribuir a la gestión democrática.

Abstract This study seeks to interpret school managers' experiences and meanings during their training in a continuing education program offered by the government of the Brazilian state of Paraíba. The study used the constituent elements of reflexive dialogue to understand school managers' training, obtained through participant observation during a module of a continuing education program for school managers with 35 school principals and a workload of 24 hours. The results point to a dissonance between training content and the managers' demands and reality, creating a binomial theory vs. practice. It is also possible to identify the political problems around hiring school principals and the consequences of such a process in school management. The research concludes that the training of public managers anchored in practical reflexivity can be a mechanism to contribute to democratic management.

How Small Policy Changes Can Transform the Implementation of Physical Activity Minutes in Kentucky Public Schools: A White Paper.

As obesity and physical inactivity rates continue to rise in the United States, Kentucky ranks third in childhood obesity rates (10-17 year olds) and 50th in physical inactivity. The public school environment is a logical place to examine practices and closely discern how time is spent. Federal legislation over the past 50 years has largely dictated the emphasis and priority of our public education system and how schools are funded and assessed. Recently, new federal legislation, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015, moved more power, flexibility, and accountability to the states allowing for additional funding opportunities surrounding not just reading and mathematics standardized test scores. Kentucky made promising steps toward including a well-rounded education in their accountability plan, however; ultimately removed those measures in their revised submission to the US Education Department. We must reexamine our current priorities and policies based on evidence-based best practices regarding health, physical activity, and academic achievement. This report outlines history, issues, and policy solutions which will move Kentucky's youth toward better opportunities for quality physical activity in our public schools within our current resources.

Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais de Mães de Adolescentes Apontados Como Tendo Problemas de Comportamento / Parenting Social Educational Skills of Mothers of Teenagers Pointed out as Having Behavioral Problems / Habilidades De Educación Social Parental De Madres De Adolescentes Nombrados Con Problemas De Conducta

As habilidades sociais educativas parentais são estratégias que os pais utilizam para direcionar os comportamentos dos filhos diante de situações de interação social. O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva que teve por objetivo avaliar as habilidades sociais educativas parentais de mães de adolescentes estudantes de uma escola pública, apontados como tendo problemas sociais de comportamento. Participaram do estudo 20 mães, selecionadas a partir de uma amostragem por conveniência que considerou a ocorrência de queixas pela escola sobre problemas de comportamento de seus filhos. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados o Roteiro de Entrevista das Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram uma frequência baixa de práticas parentais positivas, em detrimento a uma frequência mais alta de práticas parentais negativas desempenhadas pelas participantes dessa pesquisa. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir um déficit nas habilidades sociais educativas parentais das mães entrevistadas no presente estudo. Esse estudo sugere a necessidade de maior atenção sobre a elaboração e aplicação de programas de treinamentos de habilidades sociais educativas parentais para mães cuidadoras de adolescentes, visto que um possível melhoramento neste aspecto pode influenciar um aprimoramento das estratégias educativas parentais. (AU)

Parenting educational social skills are strategies that parents use to guide their children's behavior in situations of social interaction. This study is an exploratory descriptive research that aimed to assess the social skills related to the parenting practices of mothers of adolescent students from a public school identified as having social behavior problems. Twenty mothers participated in the study, selected from a convenience sampling that considered the occurrence of complaints by the school about their children's behavior problems. As a data collection instrument, the Parental Social Skills Interview Guide was used. The results found showed a low frequency of positive parenting practices to the detriment of a higher frequency of negative parenting practices performed by the participants in this research. Thus, it is possible to conclude a deficit in the parenting educational social skills of the mothers interviewed in the present study. This study suggests the need for greater attention on the design and implementation of training programs for parenting educational social skills for mothers who care for adolescents, since a possible improvement in this aspect may influence an improvement in parenting educational strategies. (AU)

Las habilidades sociales educativas parentales son estrategias que los padres usan para dirigir el comportamiento de sus hijos en situaciones de interacción social. Este estudio es una investigación exploratorio-descriptiva que tuvo como objetivo evaluar las habilidades sociales relacionadas con las prácticas de crianza de madres de estudiantes adolescentes de una escuela pública, apuntados con problemas de conducta social. Veinte madres participaron en el estudio, seleccionado de una muestra de conveniencia que consideró la aparición de quejas por parte de la escuela sobre los problemas de comportamiento de sus hijos. Como instrumento de recopilación de datos, se utilizó la Guía de entrevista de habilidades sociales de los padres. Los resultados encontrados mostraron una baja frecuencia de prácticas de crianza positivas en detrimento de una mayor frecuencia de prácticas de crianza negativas realizadas por los participantes en esta investigación. Por lo tanto, es posible concluir un déficit en las habilidades sociales educativas parentales de las madres entrevistadas en el presente estudio. Este estudio sugiere la necesidad de una mayor atención en el diseño e implementación de programas de capacitación en habilidades sociales educativas parentales para madres que cuidan a adolescentes, ya que una posible mejora en este aspecto puede influir en una mejora en las estrategias educativas para padres. (AU)

Caracterização de clientela de atendimento psicopedagógico da rede pública de Barueri / Characterization of clientele of psychopedagogical assistance from the public Barueri network

Este artigo apresenta resultado de estudo retrospectivo desenvolvido com o objetivo de traçar o perfil de clientela atendida no ano de 2019 no atendimento psicopedagógico disponível na rede pública municipal de Barueri, SP. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o banco de informações disponibilizado pelo Departamento Educacional Especializado da Secretaria de Educação de Barueri, o qual contém informações advindas de 335 prontuários referentes aos alunos atendidos. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a estatística descritiva simples. O estudo demonstrou que a população atendida era predominantemente do sexo masculino (68,65%), sendo sua maior parcela alunos oriundos dos 3º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental, provenientes de famílias de baixa renda e moradoras de bairros periféricos. Em relação ao processo de aprendizagem destes alunos, a modalidade de aprendizagem patológica predominante foi a hipoassimilação-hiperacomodação (49%), sendo que 80% do total dos alunos possuía nível cognitivo abaixo do esperado para a faixa etária e 50% não se encontrava plenamente alfabetizada. Concluiu-se que os problemas de aprendizagem estão relacionados a fatores emocionais, pedagógicos e socioeconômicos (desigualdade social), bem como que o fracasso escolar é uma realidade para a maior parte do público encaminhado. Políticas públicas devem ser desenvolvidas para minimizar estes fatores.

This article presents the result of a retrospective study developed with the objective of tracing the profile of the clientele served in 2019 in the psychopedagogical service available in the municipal public network of Barueri, São Paulo state. For data collection, the information bank provided by the Specialized Educational Department of the Education Secretariat of Barueri was used, which contains information from 335 records referring to the students served. The data were analyzed according to simple descriptive statistics. The study showed that the population served was predominantly male (68.65%), with the largest portion being students from the 3rd and 5th years of elementary school, from low-income families and residents of peripheral neighborhoods. In relation to the learning process of these students, the predominant pathological learning modality was hypoassimilation-hyperaccommodation (49%), with 80% of the total students having a cognitive level below the expected for the age group and 50% were not fully literate. It was concluded that learning problems are related to emotional, pedagogical and socioeconomic factors (social inequality), as well as that school failure is a reality for most of the referred public. Public policies must be developed to minimize these factors.

Branquitude e Educação: Um Estudo com Professoras de Escolas Públicas / Whiteness and Education: A Study with Teachers of Public Schools / Blanquitud y Educación: Un Estudio con Docentes de Escuelas Públicas

O artigo está baseado em uma pesquisa, concluída em 2018, que estudou a identidade racial branca tal como é percebida por professoras atuantes em escolas do município do Rio de Janeiro, selecionadas por amostra de conveniência. O objetivo foi investigar como essas educadoras, autodeclaradas brancas, percebem sua própria branquitude em relação a seu público na escola - em sua maioria alunos negros, e o impacto dessa diferença racial em sua prática profissional. O trabalho considera o racismo estrutural no Brasil e consiste em um diálogo entre referenciais teóricos dos Estudos Críticos da Branquitude, da Psicologia Social Crítica e da Educação Libertadora, usando como técnica entrevistas individuais, devidamente analisadas pelo método da Análise de Conteúdo. Percebeu-se tanto a necessidade de que os educadores brancos se vejam como racializados, quanto a relevância de um aprofundamento das discussões sobre relações raciais na escola. Evidenciou-se, também, a importância de ações coletivas e políticas públicas adequadas para lidar com as reverberações provocadas pela desigualdade racial no âmbito escolar. (AU)

The article is based on a survey, completed in 2018, which had studied white racial identity as perceived by teachers working in schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, selected by convenience sample. The objective was to investigate how these educators, self-declared white, perceive their own whiteness in relation to their audience at school - mostly black students, and the impact of this racial difference on their professional practice. The work considers structural racism in Brazil and consists of a dialogue between theoretical references of Critical Studies on Whiteness, Critical Social Psychology and Liberating Education, using as technique individual interviews, properly analyzed by the Content Analysis method. It was perceived both the need for white educators to see themselves as racialized, as well as the relevance of deepening discussions about race relations at school. The importance of collective actions and appropriate public policies to deal with the reverberations caused by racial inequality in the school environment was also evident. (AU)

El artículo se basa en una investigación, completada en 2018, que estudió la identidad racial blanca según la perciben los maestros que trabajan en las escuelas de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, seleccionados por muestra de conveniencia. El objetivo era investigar cómo estos educadores, autodeclarados blancos, perciben su propia blanquitud en relación con su audiencia en la escuela, en su mayoría estudiantes negros, y el impacto de esta diferencia racial en su práctica profesional. El trabajo considera el racismo estructural en Brasil y consiste en un diálogo entre referencias teóricas de Estudios Críticos sobre Blancura, Psicología Social Crítica y Educación Liberadora, utilizando como técnica entrevistas individuales, debidamente analizadas por el método de Análisis de Contenido. Se percibió tanto la necesidad de que los educadores blancos se vean a sí mismos como racializados, como la relevancia de profundizar las discusiones sobre las relaciones raciales en la escuela. También se evidenció la importancia de acciones colectivas y políticas públicas adecuadas para enfrentar las repercusiones que la desigualdad racial genera en el ámbito escolar. (AU)

Prevalence and subgroup comparisons of obesity and severe obesity among Mississippi public school students.

This study examined the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among Mississippi K-12 public school students and the obesity rate differences within subgroups categorized by sex, race, and grade level. Anthropometric data from a weighted, representative sample of Mississippi public school students were collected through the biennial Child and Youth Prevalence of Obesity Survey (CAYPOS). Overall prevalence rates and those of the subgroups were calculated and compared. The 2017 data indicated that overall 23.7% of Mississippi public schools students met the criterion of class I obesity, 9.1% met the criterion of class II obesity, and 3.2% met the criterion of class III obesity. Among those with severe obesity, the prevalence was significantly higher among black students (10.9%) when compared to their white counterparts (7.3%) (p < 0.001), and among high school students (12.0%) when compared to elementary (6.5%) and middle school students (9.6%) (p < 0.001). As to racial differences by sex, black females had the highest severe obesity rates (11.9%), followed by black males (9.9%). White females had the lowest severe obesity rate (5.8%). At lower grade levels, black students had higher prevalence rates than whites but at 12th grade level the gap between the two races are almost closed. These findings were compared to other current studies in order to better evaluate the current health profiles of Mississippi public school students.