Efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light in rosacea: A systematic review.

Background Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterised by facial erythema, oedema, telangiectasias, papules, pustules and nodules. There is a paucity of effective therapeutic modalities for the management of rosacea. Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), a modality in which flash lamps installed in an optical treatment device (head or tip) with mirrors to reflect light, has in recent times gained popularity in the management of this condition. Aim This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety and adverse effects of IPL treatment for rosacea. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The electronic databases searched were Medline, PubMed and Scopus databases. The Risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) and risk-of-bias tools for randomised trials (RoB-2) was employed to assess the risk of bias. Results Of a total of 233 articles retrieved from Medline, Scopus and PubMed databases, 14 studies qualified for final analysis. The studies included patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I to IV, with ages ranging from 15 to 78 years. Although the included studies showed heterogeneity between the parameters used, most studies demonstrated positive effects of IPL treatment on telangiectasia and erythema in rosacea and that the adverse effects presented were transitory. Limitation The methodological quality of the included studies was poor. Conclusion Although most studies showed the efficacy of IPL in the treatment of rosacea, the poor quality of the studies was of concern.

Non-thermal emerging processing Technologies: Mitigation of microorganisms and mycotoxins, sensory and nutritional properties maintenance in clean label fruit juices.

The increase in the fruit juice consumption and the interest in clean label products boosted the development and evaluation of new processing technologies. The impact of some emerging non-thermal technologies in food safety and sensory properties has been evaluated. The main technologies applied in the studies are ultrasound, high pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide, ultraviolet, pulsed electric field, cold plasma, ozone and pulsed light. Since there is no single technique that presents high potential for all the evaluated requirements (food safety, sensory, nutritional and the feasibility of implementation in the industry), the search for new technologies to overcome the limitations is fundamental. The high pressure seems to be the most promising technology regarding all the aspects mentioned. Some of the outstanding results are 5 log reduction of E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella, 98.2% of polyphenol oxidase inactivation and 96% PME reduction. However its cost can be a limitation for industrial implementation. The combination of pulsed light and ultrasound could overcome this limitation and provide higher quality fruit juices. The combination was able to achieve 5.8-6.4 log cycles reduction of S. Cerevisiae, and pulsed light is able to obtain PME inactivation around 90%, 61.0 % more antioxidants, 38.8% more phenolics and 68.2% more vitamin C comparing to conventional processing, and similar sensory scores after 45 days at 4 °C comparing to fresh fruit juice. This review aims to update the information related to the application of non-thermal technologies in the fruit juice processing through systematic and updated data to assist in industrial implementation strategies.

Intense Pulsed Light on skin rejuvenation: a systematic review.

Aged skin is characterized by appearance of wrinkles, vascular lesions, hyperpigmentation, lentignes, texture, rhytides, and pores. These changes occur under the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as hormone alterations and exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation, respectively. Skin changes associated with aging have been assuming an important role in nowadays and bring to affect the quality of life. Intense Pulsed Light (ILP) is a noncollimated, polychromatic, and noncoherent non-surgical cosmetic therapy to skin rejuvenation. This is the first systematic review evaluating ILP treatment on skin rejuvenation evaluated by digital photographs and self-reported treatment efficacy. A PRISMA compliant review includes a search of the databases Scopus and PubMed. Sixteen studies treating 637 participants (with Fitzpatrick skin types I to IV and age varying from 21 to 80 years) were included. Patients were treated a mean of 4.29 sessions (range 3-7). The most studies results showed the efficacy of IPL treatment in telangiectasia, wrinkles, pore, erythema, rhytids, texture, lentigines, hiperpigmentation, and photoaging score. Six studies showed IPL-positive effects in association with other treatment and seven studies showed superior effect of other treatment or association to IPL with other treatment related to IPL alone. Nine studies showed low methodological quality. In conclusion, ILP treatment is effective on skin rejuvenation. However, there is no consensus about the parameters and future studies are needed to sample size limitations, made RCTs with low risk of bias, and improve the methodological quality its. Trial registration: Prospero Systematic Review Registration ID: CRD42021237817.

Terapia combinada de laser de CO2 e luz intensa pulsada no tratamento de lesões vasculares / Combined CO2 laser and intense pulsed light therapy in the treatment of vascular lesions

As lesões vasculares congênitas podem ser divididas em: tumores e malformações. Os hemangiomas são tumores vasculares benignos decorrentes da proliferação anormal de células endoteliais; já as manchas em vinho do Porto são malformações vasculares de provável herança autossômica dominante. Até o presente momento, não há estudos sobre a associação entre luz intensa pulsada e laser de CO2 como forma terapêutica destas patologias. A presente série de casos apresenta 10 casos de lesões vasculares tratadas com a combinação destas formas de irradiação. Conclui-se que esta terapia combinada pode ser efetiva na redução da espessura das lesões ou na atenuação da coloração

Congenital vascular lesions can be subdivided into tumors and malformations. Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors resulting from the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells, whereas port-wine stains are vascular malformations of a possible autosomal dominant inheritance. To date, there are no studies associating the use of intense pulsed light and CO2 laser as a therapeutic form for these pathologies. We present a series of 10 cases of vascular injuries treated with the combination of these forms of irradiation. This combined therapy can be effective in reducing the thickness of the lesions or in attenuating the color.

Uso de tecnologias a laser e luz intensa pulsada no tratamento da ocronose exógena: uma revisão da literatura / Use of laser technologies and intense pulsed light in the treatment of exogenous ochronosis: a literature review

A ocronose exógena é um quadro de hiperpigmentação cutânea por acúmulo de substâncias derivadas de fenol na pele ou mucosas, sem acometimento de outros tecidos. Ocorre, principalmente, por uso de clareadores, sendo mais frequente a hidroquinona como despigmentante. As lesões apresentam difícil tratamento, sendo resistentes a diversas abordagens. Por vezes, é necessário utilizar tecnologias com laser ou luz intensa pulsada para atingir algum grau de melhora. O presente trabalho realizou revisão de literatura entre janeiro de 1990 e julho de 2020, organizando publicações acerca do uso destas tecnologias na ocronose exógena

Exogenous ochronosis is a cutaneous hyperpigmentation condition caused by the accumulation of substances derived from phenol on the skin or mucous membranes without affecting other tissues. It occurs mainly due to the use of bleaching agents, most frequently hydroquinone. The lesions are difficult to treat, being resistant to several approaches. Sometimes it's necessary to use laser technologies or intense pulsed light to achieve some degree of improvement. The present work consists of a literature review of publications on these technologies in exogenous ochronosis from January 1990 to July 2020.

Associação de luz intensa pulsada e laser Erbium: Yag 2940nm para tratamento de lentigo na face / Association of intense pulsed light and Erbium: Yag 2940 nm laser for treatment of lentigo on the face

O lentigo solar está presente em 90% da população com mais de 50 anos de idade, apresentando-se como manchas hipercrômicas em regiões fotoexpostas, que aumentam com o envelhecimento e são mais frequentes em peles claras. Há diversas modalidades terapêuticas com melhores resultados quando associadas. Descrevemos o caso de um homem de 62 anos, fototipo II de Fitzpatrick, com queixa de máculas acastanhadas em dorso nasal há oito anos. Foi submetido à biópsia de pele, e o estudo histológico confirmou ser lentigo solar. O paciente foi tratado com seis sessões de luz intensa pulsada associada a laser de Erbium: YAG 2940nm, com bom resultado clínico

Solar lentigo is present in 90% of the population over 50 years of age andcharacterizes as hyperchromic spots in photoexposed regions. It increases with aging and is more frequent in light skin. There are several therapeutic modalities, which achieve better results whenassociated. We describe the case of a 62-year-old man with Fitzpatrick skinphototype II, complaining of brownish macules in nasal dorsum for eight years. The patient underwent a skin biopsy, and the histological study confirmed solar lentigo. The patient was treated with six sessions of Intense Pulsed Light associated with Erbium-Yag2940 nm Laser with a good clinical result

O papel do uso de tecnologias combinadas na abordagem de uma paciente com microstomia / The role of the use of combined technologies in the approach to a patient with microstomia

A microstomia ocorre em 70% dos pacientes com esclerose sistêmica e há poucas opções terapêuticas. Descrevemos caso de mulher de 39 anos com diagnóstico de esclerose sistêmica em 2010, em uso de micofenolato de mofetil e rituximabe, apresentando microstomia. Foram realizadas duas sessões de luz intensa pulsada e sete sessões de laser fracionado ablativo Erbium:YAG de 2940nm, com resposta clínica importante. A formação e reorganização de fibras colágenas e elásticas foram responsáveis pela melhora da microstomia. Há poucos estudos com o uso de tecnologias para a abordagem da microstomia. Este é o primeiro com Er:YAG 2940nm para esta finalidade

Facial surgeries are often challenging for surgeons due to their complex anatomy, aesthetic and functional importance. Interventions in the cosmetic subunit that comprises the eyebrows can be particularly difficult. This case report aims to demonstrate the use of island flap in this region. We performed the excision of melanocytic nevus, with a good outcome and absence of postoperative complications. This technique is commonly used for facial reconstruction; however, the literature describes only a few cases using this method for eyebrow reconstruction.

Tratamento de necrobiose lipoídica no antebraço esquerdo com associação entre luz intensa pulsada e laser Erbium-YAG 2940nm / Treatment of Necrobiosis Lipoidica in the left forearm with association of Intense Pulsed Light and Erbium-Yag Laser 2940nm

A necrobiose lipoídica (NL) é uma dermatose granulomatosa, que acomete principalmente diabéticos devido à degeneração do colágeno. Embora existam diferentes tratamentos, todos apresentam pouca resposta. Dentre as opções, a luz intensa pulsada (LIP) e o laser Erbium-YAG permitem aumentar a produção e remodelamento do colágeno tratando a atrofia, além de diminuir o eritema pela coagulação de vasos sanguíneos. Relata-se caso de mulher, 24 anos, com diabetes mellitus tipo I, submetida a tratamento de NL no antebraço esquerdo em sete sessões com a associação entre LIP e laser Erbium-YAG 2940nm. Observou-se melhora da atrofia central e do eritema.

Necrobiosis Lipoidica (NL) is a granulomatous dermatosis, mainly affecting people with diabetes due to collagen degeneration. Although there are different treatments, all have little response. Among the options, the Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and the Laser Erbium-YAG enhance the production and remodeling of the collagen treating the atrophy, besides reducing the erythema by the coagulation of blood vessels. We report a case of a 24-year-old woman with type I Diabetes Mellitus who underwent NL treatment on her left forearm in seven sessions with the association of IPL and 2940 nm Erbium-YAG laser. We observed improvement in central atrophy and erythema

Clinical study on treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis with intense pulsed light combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid on facial seborrheic dermatitis. METHODS: A total of 45 patients with mild or moderate facial seborrheic dermatitis were selected from our hospital between September 2018 and September 2019. The patients were divided into three groups consisting of 15 patients each. The first group was exposed to a combination of IPL and 30% supramolecular salicylic acid treatment, the second group was exposed to the IPL treatment alone, and the third group was exposed to the 30% supramolecular salicylic acid treatment alone. They were treated once every 4 weeks in three consecutive rounds. RESULTS: Facial lesions and symptoms were observed 4 and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and adverse reactions were recorded. The combination group showed significant improvement in symptoms 4 weeks after the first treatment, while the individual treatment groups showed no significant improvement. After three rounds of treatments, seborrheic dermatitis had significantly decreased in the three groups; the efficacy of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the IPL group and the 30% supramolecular salicylic acid group. CONCLUSION: IPL combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid was effective in the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis and provided a quicker result with no adverse reactions.

Topical and intradermal delivery of PpIX precursors for photodynamic therapy with intense pulsed light on porcine skin model.

In order to purposely decrease the time of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) sessions, this study evaluated the effects of PDT using topical and intradermal delivery of two protoporphyrin (PpIX) precursors with intense pulsed light (IPL) as irradiation source. This study was performed on porcine skin model, using an IPL commercial device (Intense Pulse Light, HKS801). IPL effect on different administration methods of two PpIX precursors (ALA and MAL) was investigated: a topical cream application and an intradermal application using a needle-free, high-pressure injection system. Fluorescence investigation showed that PpIX distribution by needle-free injection was more homogeneous than that by cream, suggesting that a shorter drug-light interval in PDT protocols is possible. The damage induced by IPL-PDT assessed by histological analysis mostly shows modifications in collagens fibers and inflammation signals, both expected for PDT. This study suggested an alternative protocol for the PDT treatment, possibility half of the incubation time and with just 3 min of irradiation, making the IPL-PDT, even more, promising for the clinical treatment.

Inactivation of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 spores in apple juice by pulsed light: Influence of initial contamination and required reduction levels / Inactivación de esporas de Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 por luz pulsada en jugo de manzana: Influencia de la contaminación inicial y de las reducciones requeridas

The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of different initial contamination levels of Alicydobadllus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 spores in apple juice as affected by pulsed light treatment (PL, batch mode, xenon lamp, 3pulses/s, 0-71.6 J/cm²). Biphasic and Weibull frequency distribution models were used to characterize the relationship between inoculum size and treatment time with the reductions achieved after PL exposure. Additionally, a second order polynomial model was computed to relate required PL processing time to inoculum size and requested log reductions. PL treatment caused up to 3.0-3.5 log reductions, depending on the initial inoculum size. Inactivation curves corresponding to PL-treated samples were adequately characterized by both Weibull and biphasic models (R²d j 94-96%), and revealed that lower initial inoculum sizes were associated with higher inactivation rates. According to the polynomial model, the predicted time for PL treatment increased exponentially with inoculum size.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de la concentración de esporas de Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 en la respuesta de inactivación por acción de la luz pulsada (modo estanco, lámpara de xenón, 3 pulsos/s, 0-71,6 J/cm²) en jugo de manzana comercial. Para caracterizar la relación existente entre la concentración de esporas y el tiempo de tratamiento con las reducciones logarítmicas alcanzadas luego de la exposición a la luz pulsada (LP), se aplicaron 2 modelos: el de Weibull y el bifásico. Adicionalmente, se estimó la relación entre el tiempo de tratamiento con LP y la concentración inicial de inoculo en el jugo con las reducciones logarítmicas logradas mediante regresión múltiple y la metodología de superficie de respuesta (MSR). La inactivación por LP provocó entre 3 y 3,5 reducciones logarítmicas, según la concentración inicial de esporas. Las curvas de inactivación fueron adecuadamente caracterizadas por los modelos matemáticos propuestos (Restado = 94-96%). El análisis por MSR permitió predecir un aumento exponencial del tiempo de tratamiento requerido conforme se incrementa el nivel de contaminación inicial.

Quantitative evaluation of collagen and elastic fibers after intense pulsed light treatment of mouse skin.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aging of human skin includes intrinsic aging and photo-aging, which are characterized by a decrease in collagen and the deposition of abnormal elastic fibers. Intense pulsed light (IPL) sources are widely used in medicine to treat various cosmetic problems, including photo-damaged skin. Few studies have examined the microscopic changes produced by IPL. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of IPL on collagen and elastic fibers in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty female BALB/c mice were divided into four subgroups. Group 1 was the control group (n = 10), and groups 2, 3, and 4 were treatment groups (n = 10 in each group). Group 2 received one treatment, group 3 received two treatments, and group 4 received three treatments every 2 weeks. Skin tissue was obtained from irradiated areas 24 hours after the last treatment in each mouse. Collagen fibers were identified using the picrosirius red method. Elastic fibers were marked by Weigert-oxone stain. All samples were analyzed and quantified by a light microscope using analyzer system images. RESULTS: Group 4, which received three IPL treatments, showed significant quantitative increases in both collagen fibers (P < 0.05) and elastic fibers (P < 0.01). Collagen fibers demonstrated a better parallel distribution in relation to the epidermis. CONCLUSION: IPL treatment significantly increased the number of collagen and elastic fibers within the dermis and improved the parallel distribution of collagen fibers in relation to the epidermis. These results were evident after three IPL treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Inactivation of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 spores in apple juice by pulsed light. Influence of initial contamination and required reduction levels.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of different initial contamination levels of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 spores in apple juice as affected by pulsed light treatment (PL, batch mode, xenon lamp, 3pulses/s, 0-71.6J/cm2). Biphasic and Weibull frequency distribution models were used to characterize the relationship between inoculum size and treatment time with the reductions achieved after PL exposure. Additionally, a second order polynomial model was computed to relate required PL processing time to inoculum size and requested log reductions. PL treatment caused up to 3.0-3.5 log reductions, depending on the initial inoculum size. Inactivation curves corresponding to PL-treated samples were adequately characterized by both Weibull and biphasic models (Radj2 94-96%), and revealed that lower initial inoculum sizes were associated with higher inactivation rates. According to the polynomial model, the predicted time for PL treatment increased exponentially with inoculum size.

Quantitative evaluation of collagen and elastic fibers after intense pulsed light treatment of mouse skin

Background and Objective The aging of human skin includes intrinsic aging and photo-aging, which are characterized by a decrease in collagen and the deposition of abnormal elastic fibers. Intense pulsed light (IPL) sources are widely used in medicine to treat various cosmetic problems, including photo-damaged skin. Few studies have examined the microscopic changes produced by IPL. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of IPL on collagen and elastic fibers in mice. Materials and Methods Forty female BALB/c mice were divided into four subgroups. Group 1 was the control group (n?=?10), and groups 2, 3, and 4 were treatment groups (n?=?10 in each group). Group 2 received one treatment, group 3 received two treatments, and group 4 received three treatments every 2 weeks. Skin tissue was obtained from irradiated areas 24 hours after the last treatment in each mouse. Collagen fibers were identified using the picrosirius red method. Elastic fibers were marked by Weigert-oxone stain. All samples were analyzed and quantified by a light microscope using analyzer system images. Results Group 4, which received three IPL treatments, showed significant quantitative increases in both collagen fibers (P<0.05) and elastic fibers (P<0.01). Collagen fibers demonstrated a better parallel distribution in relation to the epidermis. Conclusion IPL treatment significantly increased the number of collagen and elastic fibers within the dermis and improved the parallel distribution of collagen fibers in relation to the epidermis. These results were evident after three IPL treatments.

Complicaciones y manejo de procedimientos dermatoestéticos: una actualización para el dermatólogo / Complications associated with cutaneous aesthetic procedures: an update for the dermatologist

En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado nuevas técnicas e indicaciones de los procedimientos estéticos mínimamente invasivos, presentando cada vez mejores resultados con un alto nivel de seguridad, sin embargo, estos no se encuentran exentos de complicaciones, las que pueden ser transitorias o permanentes. El conocimiento, abordaje, tratamiento y prevención de las distintas complicaciones son esenciales para los dermatólogos y cirujanos plásticos. Los procedimientos más utilizados son: administración de rellenos, peeling químicos, láser, luz pulsada intensa y ultrasonido de alta frecuencia. La siguiente revisión tiene como objetivo reconocer las principales complicaciones de estos procedimientos y su manejo.

In recent decades, new techniques and indications of minimally invasive aesthetic procedures have been developed, presenting increasingly better results with a high level of safety, however these are not exempt from complications, which may be transient or permanent. The knowledge, approach, treatment and prevention of the different complications are essential for the dermatologist and plastic surgeons. The most used procedures are the administration of fillers, chemical peels, lasers, intense pulsed light and high frequency ultrasound. The following review aims to recognize the main complications of these procedures and their management.

Tratamento bem-sucedido do angioma serpiginoso com luz intensa pulsada / Successful treatment of angioma serpiginosum with intense pulsed light

Angioma serpiginoso é um ectasia vascular rara e benigna que se apresenta clinicamente como pontos vermelhos ou arroxeados pequenos com uma configuração serpiginosa. Luzes de pulso controladas ou luz intensa pulsada (IPL), é uma fonte de luz pulsada que emite luz de alta energia com o espectro de ondas contínuas de 500 a 1200 nm. Entre as suas características estão indicações para lesões vasculares, que é o pigmento do cromóforo oxihemoglobina. Apresentamos uma paciente de 12 anos de idade com um angioma serpinginoso no braço direito que atingiu a remissão após 6 sessões de IPL.

Angioma serpiginosum is a rare and benign vascular ectasia that clinically arises as small red or purple dots, with serpiginous configuration. Controlled light pulses or intense pulsed light is the light source that emits high energy light within the continuous waves spectrum from 500nm to 1,200nm. Among its characteristics is the indication for the treatment of vascular lesions, which is the oxyhemoglobin chromophore's pigment. This paper describes a case of a 12-year-old patient with angioma serpiginosum on the right arm that receded after 6 intense pulsed light sessions.

Impact of a combined processing technology involving ultrasound and pulsed light on structural and physiological changes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KE 162 in apple juice.

This study analyzed the effect of single ultrasound (US) (600 W, 20 kHz and 95.2 µm wave amplitude, 10 or 30 min at 20 or 44 ± 1 °C), or combined with pulsed light technology (PL) with controlled heat build-up (Xenon lamp, 3 pulses/s, 71.6 J/cm2, temperature ranges: 2-20 ± 1 °C and 44-56 ± 1 °C) on the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KE 162 cells in commercial (pH: 3.5 ± 0.1; 12.5 ± 0.1 °Brix) and freshly pressed (pH: 3.4 ± 0.1; 12.6 ± 0.1 °Brix) apple juices. Structural damages were analyzed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and induced damage by flow cytometry (FC). Cells were labeled with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) for monitoring membrane integrity and esterase activity. US+PL treatment at the highest heat build-up led up to 6.4 and 5.8 log-cycles of yeast reduction in commercial and freshly apple juices, respectively. TEM images of treated cells revealed severe damage, encompassing loss and coagulated inner content and cell debris. In addition, FC revealed a shift of yeasts cells with esterase activity and intact membrane to cells with permeabilized membrane. This effect was more notorious after single 30-min US and all combined US+PL treatments, as 91.6-99.0% of treated cells showed compromised membrane. Additionally, heat build-up enhanced this shift when applying 10 min US (20 °C) in both juices.

Luz intensa pulsada: revisão das indicações clínicas / Intense Pulsed Light: review of clinical indications

A luz intensa pulsada é um dispositivo que emite luz de alta intensidade, policromática, não coerente e não colimada. Sua versatilidade permite combinar parâmetros e tratar vários tipos de lesões cutâneas vasculares e melanocíticas, além da realização da epilação e do fotorrejuvenescimento não ablativo. Embasado na literatura médica, o presente artigo descreve indicações clássicas e inovadoras do uso da luz intensa pulsada.

Intense pulsed light is a device that emits high intensity, polychromatic, non-coherent and not collimated light. IPL versatility allows combining parameters to treat a variety of skin vascular and melanocytic lesions, epilation and non ablative photorejuvenation. This article describes classic and innovative indications for intense pulsed light use based on medical literature.

Effects of pulsed light treatments and pectin edible coatings on the quality of fresh-cut apples: a hurdle technology approach.

BACKGROUND: Pulsed light (PL) treatments stand as an alternative for the shelf-life extension of fresh-cut products. The antimicrobial effects of PL are well known; however, its influence on quality attributes needs to be assessed. This study was aimed at evaluating the application of PL treatments in combination with pectin-based edible coatings enriched with dietary fiber for the preservation of fresh-cut apples. RESULTS: Dipping of fresh-cut apples in ascorbic acid/calcium chloride solution prior to pectin coating and PL treatments was effective to minimize browning and softening of apple surfaces. Incorporation of fiber in the pectin coating did not cause any change in microbial loads and sensory acceptability of apple cubes. Pectin-coated PL-treated apple pieces exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity values than fresh and PL control samples. At the end of storage, the combination of both treatments resulted in an almost 2 log CFU g-1 reduction of microbial counts. Sensory attribute scores did not fall below the rejection limit throughout 14 days, although the presence of off-odors limited the acceptability of the pectin-coated samples. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that PL treatments applied to pectin-coated fresh-cut apples may be used to maintain quality attributes, thus conferring prebiotic potential and extending the shelf-life of the product. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Efeitos fisiológicos e terapêuticos da luz intensa pulsada / Physiological and therapeutic effects of intense pulsed light

Os dispositivos de luz intensa pulsada promovem o princípio básico de absorção de fótons por cromóforos endógenos ou exógenos encontrados na pele. A luz pulsada é convertida em energia calorífica, a qual coagula o alvo desejado (foto-termólise seletiva). Essa tecnologia envolve um sistema de lâmpadas paralelas de xenônio e capacitores contidos, que é aplicada diretamente à superfície da pele. Seu espectro de emissão varia de 500 a 1300 nm, apresentando assim, uma grande versatilidade de tratamentos. Para a construção deste artigo de revisão, a metodologia adotada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica em revistas científicas da área de saúde indexadas no Pubmed (entre os anos de 1989 a 2016) que abordam os efeitos terapêuticos e fisiológicos da terapia de luz intensa pulsada. Dentre os efeitos terapêuticos aplicados à terapia com luz intensa pulsada, destacamos a remoção de pelos, tratamento de lesões pigmentadas, lesões vasculares, acnes, e rejuvenescimento da pele. Uma das maiores vantagens dos dispositivos de luz intensa pulsada é em relação à sua versatilidade e a economia. Esses dispositivos são mais vantajosos devido a sua capacidade em tratar grandes áreas de pele. No entanto, mais ensaios controlados comparativos com um período de acompanhamento estendido são necessários para determinar diferenças significativas da LIP e outras terapias. (AU)

The devices of intense pulsed light, similar to lasers, has the basic principle to absorption of photons by endogenous or exogenous chromophores in the skin. The pulsed light is converted into heat energy, which coagulates the desired target (photo-selective thermolysis). The intense pulsed light technology involves a system of parallel xenon lamps and capacitors contained in an articulated arm that is applied directly to the skin surface. Its emission spectrum ranges from 500 to 1,300 nm, thus presenting a great versatility of treatments. For the construction of this review, the methodology adopted was a literature search in scientific journals healthcare indexed in Pubmed (between the years 1989 to 2016) that address the physiological and therapeutic effects of intense pulsed light therapy. Among the therapeutic effects of the intense pulsed light therapy, we highlight hair removal, pigmented lesions, vascular lesions, acnes treatment, and finally skin rejuvenation. One of the major advantages of the intense pulsed light is in relation to its versatility and economy. Moreover, the devices of intense pulsed light are more advantageous due to their ability to treat large areas of skin. However, more comparative controlled trials with extended follow-up period are needed to determine significant differences between the intense pulsed light and other therapies. (AU)