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1.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2024 Feb 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431253

ABSTRACT

Primary intracranial pressure disorders include idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Remarkable advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of these 2entities in recent years. Therefore, the Spanish Society of Neurology's Headache Study Group (GECSEN) deemed it necessary to prepare this consensus statement, including diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms to facilitate and improve the management of these disorders in clinical practice. This document was created by a committee of experts belonging to GECSEN, and is based on a systematic review of the literature, incorporating the experience of the participants, and establishes practical recommendations with levels of evidence and grades of recommendation.

2.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 161(3): 113-118, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224007

ABSTRACT

Introducción Los bloqueos anestésicos de nervios pericraneales han constituido un tratamiento habitual de múltiples cefaleas. El más utilizado en la práctica clínica habitual y que cuenta con mayor evidencia que avale su efectividad es el bloqueo del nervio occipital mayor. Métodos búsqueda en Pubmed de Meta-Analysis/Systematic Review de los últimos 10 años, seleccionando para su revisión aquellos metaanálisis, y en su defecto revisiones sistemáticas, acerca del bloqueo del nervio occipital mayor en el tratamiento de las cefaleas. Resultados Se obtuvieron 95 trabajos, 13 incluyeron los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión El bloqueo del occipital mayor es una técnica eficaz y segura, fácil de realizar, y que ha mostrado su utilidad en migraña, cefalea en racimos, cefalea cervicogénica y pospunción lumbar. No obstante, hacen falta más estudios que aclaren su eficacia a largo plazo, su lugar en el tratamiento habitual, la posible diferencia entre diversos anestésicos, la posología más conveniente y el papel del uso concomitante de corticoides (AU)


Introduction Peripheral nerve blocks have been a common treatment for multiple headaches. By far, the greater occipital nerve block is the most used and with the stronger body of evidence in routine clinical practice. Methods We searched Pubmed Meta-Analysis/Systematic Review, in the last 10 years. Of these results, meta-analyses, and in the absence of these systematic reviews, assessing Greater Occipital Nerve Block in headache has been selected for review. Results We identified 95 studies in Pubmed, 13 that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion Greater occipital block is an effective and safe technique, easy to perform and which has shown its usefulness in migraine, cluster headache, cervicogenic headache and Post-dural puncture headache. However, more studies are needed to clarify its long-term efficacy, its place in clinical treatment, the possible difference between different anaesthetics, the most convenient dosage and the role of concomitant use of corticosteroids (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nerve Block/methods , Headache/therapy , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Meta-Analysis as Topic
3.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 223(6): 331-339, jun.- jul. 2023.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-221348

ABSTRACT

Objetivos Este estudio tiene como objetivo la determinación de la incidencia de CPPD y la identificación de factores predisponentes en su aparición. Método Se lleva a cabo un estudio descriptivo, de carácter prospectivo en 57 pacientes a los que se les realiza una punción lumbar. Para ello, se han analizado variables relativas a factores de riesgo derivado del paciente, factores clínicos y del procedimiento con la presencia de CPPD. La incidencia de CPPD ha sido de 38,6% y entre los factores asociados a su aparición se ha identificado la edad joven y el antecedente de cefalea previa. Resultados La incidencia de CPPD ha sido mayor en mujeres, siendo de mayor intensidad en este grupo, si bien es necesaria la realización de estudios con mayor tamaño muestra. Conclusiones Debemos tener presente los factores asociados a la aparición de una CPPD como son: la edad joven, el antecedente de cefalea y la percepción de dificultad del proceso, para una mejor información a los pacientes y una optimización de la técnica empleada (AU)


Introduction Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication following lumbar puncture. However, its incidence varies according to the series consulted. Different factors associated with its onset have been identified. Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of PDPH and to identify predisposing factors for its appearance. Method Prospective, descriptive study in 57 patients who underwent lumbar puncture procedures. To this end, variables associated with patient-related risk factors, clinical and procedural factors with the presence of PDPH were analysed. The incidence of PDPH was 38.6% and factors associated with onset included young age and previous history of headache. Results The incidence of PDPH was higher in women and presented greater intensity in this group, though studies with a larger sample size would need to be conducted. Conclusions We must bear in mind the factors associated with the appearance of PDPH, which include: young age, history of headache, and the perception of procedural difficulty, to better inform patients and optimise the techniques used (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/etiology , Spinal Puncture/adverse effects , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
4.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 223(6): 331-339, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37169081

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication following lumbar puncture. However, its incidence varies according to the series consulted. Different factors associated with its onset have been identified. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of PDPH and to identify predisposing factors for its appearance. METHOD: Prospective, descriptive study in 57 patients who underwent lumbar puncture procedures. To this end, variables associated with patient-related risk factors, clinical and procedural factors with the presence of PDPH were analysed. The incidence of PDPH was 38.6% and factors associated with onset included young age and previous history of headache. RESULTS: The incidence of PDPH was higher in women and presented greater intensity in this group, though studies with a larger sample size would need to be conducted. CONCLUSIONS: We must bear in mind the factors associated with the appearance of PDPH, which include: young age, history of headache, and the perception of procedural difficulty, to better inform patients and optimise the techniques used.


Subject(s)
Post-Dural Puncture Headache , Humans , Female , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/epidemiology , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/etiology , Prospective Studies , Headache/complications , Headache/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Spinal Puncture/adverse effects
5.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 161(3): 113-118, 2023 08 11.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37100680

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral nerve blocks have been a common treatment for multiple headaches. By far, the greater occipital nerve block is the most used and with the stronger body of evidence in routine clinical practice. METHODS: We searched Pubmed Meta-Analysis/Systematic Review, in the last 10 years. Of these results, meta-analyses, and in the absence of these systematic reviews, assessing Greater Occipital Nerve Block in headache has been selected for review. RESULTS: We identified 95 studies in Pubmed, 13 that met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: Greater occipital block is an effective and safe technique, easy to perform and which has shown its usefulness in migraine, cluster headache, cervicogenic headache and Post-dural puncture headache. However, more studies are needed to clarify its long-term efficacy, its place in clinical treatment, the possible difference between different anaesthetics, the most convenient dosage and the role of concomitant use of corticosteroids.


Subject(s)
Cluster Headache , Migraine Disorders , Nerve Block , Humans , Headache/therapy , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Nerve Block/methods , Peripheral Nerves , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Systematic Reviews as Topic
6.
Repert. med. cir ; 32(3): 284-287, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1526910

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la punción lumbar es una de las herramientas diagnósticas más importantes para diferentes patologías neurológicas. Caso clínico: hombre de 32 años, con epilepsia, toxoplasmosis cerebral y VIH que presentó un hematoma subdural posterior a una punción lumbar diagnóstica, sin sintomatología, siendo un hallazgo imagenológico incidental. Discusión y conclusiones: el mecanismo por el que se produce el hematoma subdural, se basa en una presión baja del LCR que da lugar a un deslizamiento de la aracnoides sobre la duramadre y como consecuencia se desgarran los vasos del espacio subdural, produciendo una extravasación de sangre en dicho espacio.


Introduction: lumbar puncture is one of the most important diagnostic tools for a variety of neurological disorders. Case presentation: a 32-year-old man with epilepsy, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and HIV, who presented an asymptomatic subdural hematoma following a diagnostic lumbar puncture, which was an incidental finding on imaging. Discussion and conclusions: the mechanism for post lumbar puncture subdural hematoma development is based on a low CSF pressure which allows the arachnoid matter to slide over the dura mater leading to subdural vessels tear, causing blood extravasation into the subdural space.


Subject(s)
Humans
7.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 47(3): 5-9, sept. 21, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400510

ABSTRACT

El Síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt (SRH), es la segunda causa de parálisis facial periférica (PFP). Causado por el virus Varicella zoster (VVZ), ipsilateral a la PFP,presenta unaerupción herpetiforme y cefalea en distribución del nervio facial. Presentamos el caso de una mujer, 54 años, con SRH y cefalea persistente cuyo líquido cerebroespinal (LCE) fue compatible con meningitis. Se indicó aciclovir endovenoso (EV). La literatura no recomienda estudio de LCE en PFP; y en SRH se sugiere en inmunosuprimidos y complicaciones del SRH como queratopatía, accidentes-cerebrovasculares, y meningitis. Un LCE alterado en SRH, indica modificar la conducta terapéutica.


Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome (RHS) is the second leading cause of peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Caused by the Varicella zoster virus (VZV), ipsilateral to the PFP, it presents a herpetiform rash and headache in the facial nerve distribution. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with RHS and persistent headache whose cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was compatible with meningitis. Intravenous acyclovir was indicated. The literature does not recommend an CSF study in PFP; in RHS it is suggested in immunosuppressed patients and complications of RHS such as keratopathy, cerebrovascular accidents, and meningitis. An altered CSF in RHS indicates modifying the therapeutic conduct.

8.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 24(2): e1039, mayo.-ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409215

ABSTRACT

Las espondiloartropatías son un grupo de enfermedades reumáticas que se caracterizan por la presencia de un proceso inflamatorio crónico y mantenido. Entre sus manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones se incluye la toma de la columna vertebral donde existe una calcificación de los ligamentos vertebrales que limita considerablemente la movilidad de los distintos segmentos de la columna vertebral. Los cambios anatomofuncionales que se generan en estos segmentos traen consigo dificultades a la hora de realizar procedimientos como la punción lumbar. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir las precauciones, sugerencias y recomendaciones para realizar la punción lumbar con fines diagnósticos o terapéuticos. Los principales resultados se enfocan en la idenficación y socialización de precauciones y sugerencias a tener en cuenta a la hora de realizar una punción lumbar en pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante(AU)


Spondyloarthropathies are a group of rheumatic diseases characterized by the presence of a chronic and sustained inflammatory process. Among its clinical manifestations and complications, the seizure of the spine is included where there is calcification of the vertebral ligaments that considerably limits the mobility of the different segments of the spine. The anatomical and functional changes that are generated in these segments bring with them difficulties when performing procedures such as lumbar puncture. This research aims to describe the precautions, suggestions and recommendations to perform lumbar puncture for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. The main results focus on the identification and socialization of precautions and suggestions to take into account when performing a lumbar puncture in patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female
9.
Horiz. med. (Impresa) ; 22(2)abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448384

ABSTRACT

Los avances en la tecnología de la ciencia biomédica han permitido incrementar la tasa de éxito de las intervenciones gracias a las mejoras en seguridad y eficacia. Durante la evaluación del paciente con un trastorno neurológico agudo que requiere una punción lumbar, existen algunas condiciones que pueden dificultar la realización de este procedimiento, tales como la infección en el lugar de la punción o las anomalías óseas que puedan causar una lesión medular. El uso de la ecografía a pie de cama es una buena alternativa para acompañar a la punción debido a su capacidad para explorar estructuras que no pueden ser evaluadas mediante la exploración física. En los centros hospitalarios de baja complejidad, donde pueden existir barreras de acceso a herramientas de imagen costosas, la ecografía es una opción rentable para el abordaje de patologías urgentes. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de este manuscrito consiste en revisar conceptos relevantes basados en la evidencia más reciente, que están relacionados con el uso de la ecografía para la realización de la punción lumbar.


Advances in biomedical technology have increased the success rate of medical procedures due to improvements in safety and efficacy. During the assessment of patients with acute neurological disorder who require a lumbar puncture, some conditions may hinder its performance, such as infection at the puncture site or bone abnormalities that may cause spinal cord injury. Bedside ultrasound is a good alternative to assist in the performance of a puncture, due to its ability to examine structures that cannot be assessed by physical examination. In primary health care centers, where there may be obstacles that prevent access to expensive imaging tools, ultrasound is a cost-effective option in the approach to urgent pathologies. In view of the foregoing, this paper aims to review important recent evidence-based concepts related to the use of ultrasound for the performance of a lumbar puncture.

10.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 95(4): 246-252, Oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207786

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La punción lumbar (PL) es un procedimiento que se realiza con frecuencia durante el período neonatal. Efectuar correctamente esta técnica puede evitar gran parte de sus complicaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar el procedimiento de PL en neonatos en los hospitales españoles, estudiando el tipo de material empleado y la sedoanalgesia utilizada. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal basado en una encuesta escrita distribuida por correo electrónico a través de la Red de Hospitales Segurneo-SEN y la Sociedad Española de Neonatología, que recogía datos sobre la técnica de PL en neonatos. Resultados: Se analizaron 301 encuestas respondidas. La mayoría de profesionales utilizaban aguja tipo trocar con estilete como primera opción (89,7%). No obstante, cuando la PL era fallida o hemática el 32,2% cambiaba el tipo de aguja. Del total de médicos, 143 reflejaron su sensación subjetiva sobre el tipo de aguja: el 41,3% solo empleaban agujas tipo trocar, al 32,2% la técnica les resultaba más fácil empleando agujas de tipo «palomilla», para el 7,7% existía menor probabilidad de PL hemática o fallida usando agujas de tipo «palomilla», el 10,5% elegían aguja dependiendo del tamaño del neonato, y un 8,4% eran indiferentes a utilizar un tipo u otro de aguja. El 99% de los encuestados usaban algún tipo de analgesia. Las medidas más utilizadas fueron anestésicos tópicos (90,3%) y sacarosa (82,2%). Conclusiones: Actualmente, el procedimiento de PL en neonatos se realiza de forma mayoritaria utilizando agujas tipo trocar con estilete y con un uso extendido de diferentes medidas analgésicas para llevar a cabo la técnica. (AU)


Introduction: Lumbar puncture (LP) is a frequent procedure during the neonatal period. Correctly performing this technique can avoid many of its complications. Objective: To evaluate the LP procedure in neonates in Spanish hospitals, studying the type of material and the sedation-analgesia used. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in Spain gathering data through a survey research distributed by email through the Segurneo-SEN Hospital Network and the Spanish Neonatal Society. Data on the LP technique in neonates were collected. Results: A total of 301 participants were analysed. Most professionals used a trocar needle with a stylet as the first option (89.7%); however, when the LP failed or was blood-stained, 32.2% changed the type of needle. A total of 143 doctors gave their subjective feeling about the type of needle: they only use trocar needles with stylet (41.3%), the technique is easier using scalp-vein needles (32.2%), there is less probability of a blood-stained LP, or failed using scalp-vein needles (7.7%), they choose the type of needle depending on the size of the new-born (10.5%), indifference when using one type or another needle (8.4%). Almost all (99%) of the surveyed doctors used some type of analgesia. The most widely used measures were topical anaesthetics (90.3%) and sucrose (82.2%). Conclusions: Currently, the LP procedure in the neonatal period is mainly performed with a trocar needle with a stylet and with the widespread use of different analgesic measures. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Spinal Puncture/instrumentation , Spinal Puncture/methods , Analgesia , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain
11.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 95(4): 246-252, 2021 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34521603

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Lumbar puncture (LP) is a frequent procedure during the neonatal period. Correctly performing this technique can avoid many of its complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the LP procedure in neonates in Spanish hospitals, studying the type of material and the sedation-analgesia used. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in Spain gathering data through a survey research distributed by email through the Segurneo-SEN Hospital Network and the Spanish Neonatal Society. Data on the LP technique in neonates were collected. RESULTS: A total of 301 participants were analysed. Most professionals used a trocar needle with a stylet as the first option (89.7%); however, when the LP failed or was blood-stained, 32.2% changed the type of needle. A total of 143 doctors gave their subjective feeling about the type of needle: they only use trocar needles with stylet (41.3%), the technique is easier using scalp-vein needles (32.2%), there is less probability of a blood-stained LP, or failed using scalp-vein needles (7.7%), they choose the type of needle depending on the size of the newborn (10.5%), indifference when using one type or another needle (8.4%). Almost all (99%) of the surveyed doctors used some type of analgesia. The most widely used measures were topical anaesthetics (90.3%) and sucrose (82.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the LP procedure in the neonatal period is mainly performed with a trocar needle with a stylet and with the widespread use of different analgesic measures.


Subject(s)
Analgesia , Spinal Puncture , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pain , Pain Management
12.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(4): 656-663, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142431

ABSTRACT

Abstract. Introduction: Normotensive hydrocephalus is a differential diagnosis in the evaluation of the dementia syndrome. The diagnostic protocols would allow detecting this pathology that has more effective treatment than other dementias. Objective: To describe a population with clinical suspicion of normal pressure hydrocephalus evaluated in a Colombian psychiatric hospital and discuss the possible reasons for its diagnostic and therapeutic delay. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective study of medical records to identify patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus during a 5-year period. Results: Thirty-five patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus underwent diagnostic lumbar puncture and five of them were considered candidates for a peritoneal-venous shunt, but none underwent this surgical procedure. After three to six months of the lumbar puncture, the gait pattern improved in 22.8% of the patients, cognition in 22.8%, and sphincter control in 11.4%. Improvement was not sustained in the long term (1 year) in any of them. Conclusion: This study suggests the poor implementation of the protocols for evaluating patients with cognitive deficits and delays in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. A small number of patients were identified as candidates for treatment. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a potentially reversible clinical entity with the placement of a peritoneal ventricular shunt, but delays in diagnosis and treatment have deleterious consequences for patients and their families.


Resumen. Introducción. La hidrocefalia normotensiva es un diagnóstico diferencial en la evaluación del síndrome demencial. Los protocolos diagnósticos permitirían detectar esta condición, cuyo tratamiento es más efectivo que el de otras demencias. Objetivo. Describir una población con sospecha clínica de hidrocefalia normotensiva evaluada en un hospital psiquiátrico colombiano y discutir las posibles razones de la demora en el diagnóstico y en la terapia de esta condición clínica. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo de los registros médicos para detectar pacientes con sospecha de hidrocefalia normotensiva durante un período de cinco años. Resultados. A 35 pacientes con sospecha de hidrocefalia normotensiva se les hizo una punción lumbar diagnóstica. Cinco de ellos se consideraron candidatos para una derivación ventrículo-peritoneal, pero ninguno se sometió a este procedimiento quirúrgico. A los 3-6 meses de la punción lumbar, se observó una mejoría del patrón de la marcha en el 22,8 % de los pacientes, de la cognición en el 22,8 % y del control del esfínter en el 11,4 %. La mejoría no se mantuvo a largo plazo (un año) en ningún paciente. Conclusión. Se encontró una implementación deficiente de los protocolos de evaluación de los pacientes con déficit cognitivos y demoras en el diagnóstico de la hidrocefalia normotensiva, así como un número reducido de pacientes clasificados como candidatos para el tratamiento. La hidrocefalia normotensiva es una condición clínica potencialmente reversible con la colocación de una derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. Los retrasos en el diagnóstico y en el tratamiento tienen consecuencias perjudiciales para los pacientes y sus familias.


Subject(s)
Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure , Primary Health Care , Spinal Puncture , Dementia , Ageism
13.
Prensa méd. argent ; 106(10): 588-591, 20200000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1362543

ABSTRACT

La encefalopatía es un cuadro clínico característico de múltiples procesos neurológicos y sistémicos que no hay que confundir con la encefalitis, que es una inflamación cerebral, normalmente causadas por infecciones virales. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 58 años con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis peritoneal, que ingresa por sepsis de origen peritoneal con clínica de encefalopatía y crisis epilépticas parciales. La paciente presenta lesiones de herpes zóster en zona lumbar y se practica punción lumbar, con resultado del líquido cefalorraquídeo positivo para virus varicela-zóster, por lo que completa tratamiento con aciclovir. En la resonancia magnética no presenta ninguna alteración, y una segunda punción lumbar tras mejoría de las lesiones cutáneas es negativa. El curso de la paciente es fluctuante durante el ingreso, con mejoría significativa tras antibióticos, hemodiálisis y tratamiento antiepiléptico, y no respondiendo al aciclovir. La etiología sospechada es la debida al contexto infeccioso y metabólico de la paciente. Probablemente el resultado del líquido fue contaminado por la proximidad de las lesiones herpéticas, ya que además no es frecuente encontrar encefalitis infecciosas agudas sin alteraciones en las pruebas de imagen. La mejoría final fue debida tanto a la medicación antiepiléptica como al inicio de hemodiálisis


Encefalopathy is a clinical syndrome ocurring in multiple neurologic and systemic diseases which must not be mistaken with encephalitis, that is a cerebral inflammatory process, often caused by viral infections. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with chronic renal failure receiving peritoneal dyalisis, who was admitted into hospital for sepsis secondary to infectious peritonitis, with encefalopathy and epileptic partial seizures. The patient presented lumbar herpetic cutaneous lesions and a lumbar punction is practiced, with a positive result in the cerebrospinal fluid for varicella-zoster virus. Treatment with aciclovir was completed. Her cerebral magnetic resonance was absolutely normal, and a second lumbar puncture when herpetic lesions got better was negative. The course is fluctuating during the stay, and a significant clinical improvement occurs after antibiotics, hemodyalisis and antiepileptic treatment. The patient did not respond to aciclovir. The suspected ethiology is the infectious and metabolic context. Positivity for the virus is thought to be a contamination from the nearby herpetic lesions. Also, it is rare for an infectious acute encephalitis to present with normal radiologic imaging. The final clinical improvement was probably due to hemodyalisis initiation and the antiepileptic treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Brain Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Renal Dialysis , Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster/diagnosis , Encephalitis/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
14.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 2020 Sep 27.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32998845

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Lumbar puncture (LP) is a frequent procedure during the neonatal period. Correctly performing this technique can avoid many of its complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the LP procedure in neonates in Spanish hospitals, studying the type of material and the sedation-analgesia used. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in Spain gathering data through a survey research distributed by email through the Segurneo-SEN Hospital Network and the Spanish Neonatal Society. Data on the LP technique in neonates were collected. RESULTS: A total of 301 participants were analysed. Most professionals used a trocar needle with a stylet as the first option (89.7%); however, when the LP failed or was blood-stained, 32.2% changed the type of needle. A total of 143 doctors gave their subjective feeling about the type of needle: they only use trocar needles with stylet (41.3%), the technique is easier using scalp-vein needles (32.2%), there is less probability of a blood-stained LP, or failed using scalp-vein needles (7.7%), they choose the type of needle depending on the size of the new-born (10.5%), indifference when using one type or another needle (8.4%). Almost all (99%) of the surveyed doctors used some type of analgesia. The most widely used measures were topical anaesthetics (90.3%) and sucrose (82.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the LP procedure in the neonatal period is mainly performed with a trocar needle with a stylet and with the widespread use of different analgesic measures.

15.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 79(4): 323-326, oct.-dic 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011055

ABSTRACT

La neurocisticercosis es una enfermedad frecuente, su principal ubicación es en el parénquima cerebral; sin embargo, menos del 5% de los casos son de ubicación espinal donde producen cuadros clínicos pseudotumorales u obstructivos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que ingresa por cefalea crónica con signos de hipertensión endrocraneana, sin clínica medular, y en quien se obtuvo durante el estudio de punción lumbar una membrana cisticercótica y líquido cefalorraquídeo con gran consumo de glucosa (3mg/dL). El hallazgo de un cisticerco de ubicación intradural-extramedular durante una punción lumbar es un hallazgo muy raro, solo descrito en pacientes con clínica evidente. Recomendamos sospecharla cuando no haya evidencia clínica de compromiso medular pero se tenga sugerencia de cisticercosis cerebral y líquido cefalorraquídeo alterado, ampliando el estudio con neuroimágenes.


Neurocysticercosis is a frequent disease, its main location is in the brain parenchyma; however, less than 5% of cases are of spinal location where they produce pseudotumoral or obstructive clinical manifestations. We present the case of a patient admitted due to chronic headache with signs of endrocranial hypertension, without clinical symptoms, and in whom a cysticercotic membrane and cerebrospinal fluid with high glucose consumption (3mg/dL) was obtained during the lumbar puncture study. The finding of a cysticercus of intradural-extramedullary location, during a lumbar puncture is a very rare finding, only described in patients with evident clinical signs. We recommend suspecting it when there is no clinical evidence of spinal cord involvement but there is a suggestion of cerebral cysticercosis and altered cerebrospinal fluid, expanding the study with neuroimaging.

16.
Emergencias ; 30(1): 50-53, 2018 02.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29437311

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) to identify subarachnoid bleeding in patients with neurologic deficits seeking emergency care for sudden headache within 6 hours of onset of symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of patients presenting with sudden nontraumatic headache peaking during the previous hour in the absence of neurologic deficits. We ordered CT scans for all patients, and if the scan was normal we performed a lumbar puncture. All patients were then followed for 6 months. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients were included. Subarachnoid bleeding was identified in 10 (10.2%) patients by CT. Seventy- four lumbar punctures were performed in patients with negative CTs; the lumbar puncture was positive in 1 patient and inconclusive in 2 patients. In all 3 patients, bleeding was ruled out with later images; thus, no cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage were confirmed in the 74 patients who underwent lumbar puncture. Nor were any cases found in any of these patients during follow-up. CONCLUSION: A CT scan taken within 6 hours of onset of sudden headache is sufficient for confirming or ruling out subarachnoid bleeding in patients with sudden headache who have no neurologic deficits.


OBJETIVO: Valorar la utilidad de la tomografía computarizada (TC) para identificar la hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) en pacientes que consultan en el servicio de urgencias por cefalea súbita sin déficit neurológico dentro de las seis primeras horas desde el comienzo de los síntomas. METODO: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de pacientes que consultaron por cefalea súbita, no traumática, con un pico de máxima intensidad dentro de la hora previa y sin déficit neurológico. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una TC seguida de una punción lumbar (PL) si la TC era normal, y seguimiento a los 6 meses. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 85 pacientes. Se diagnosticaron 10 (10,2%) casos de HSA en la TC, y se realizaron 74 PL, en pacientes con una TC negativa, de las que una fue positiva y dos no concluyentes, pero en estudios posteriores de imagen se descartó la HSA. En total, la PL en 74 pacientes con TC normal no confirmó ningún caso de HSA. Tampoco se confirmó ningún caso durante el seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes con cefalea súbita y sospecha de HSA, sin inconsciencia ni focalidad neurológica, una TC de alta resolución realizada en las primeras 6 horas desde la aparición de la cefalea fue suficiente para confirmar o descartar ese diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Headache/etiology , Spinal Puncture , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Emergencies , Emergency Service, Hospital , False Negative Reactions , Female , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Male , Meningitis/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Young Adult
17.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 29(4): 209-212, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29066098

ABSTRACT

Cervical Traumatic SSH are very rare in literature. They are usually caused by cardiopulmonary diseases that increase vascular pressure causing spinal vessels rupture. In thoracolumbar spine, the spinal puncture is the most common cause. The ventrolateral position is even more unusual. In traumatic brain injury (TBI), an abrupt extension-flexion movement could have caused the rupture of subarachnoid vessels. This, accompanied by the slowed blood "wash out" (probably due to the previous osteoarthrosis and spinal canal stenosis), led to the formation of an organized clot, which caused an acute spinal cord compression syndrome. Cervical subarachnoid spinal hematoma can present as Brown-Séquard syndrome. The treatment is prompt surgical removal and decompression. The posterior approach (partial hemilaminectomy with or without laminoplasty) with microsurgical technique is feasible, fast and simple to evacuate the hematoma with good results. Surgical nuances in posterior approach are: small spinal canal, difficulty in mobilizing the cervical cord, these haematomas are wrapped and attached to the spinal cord or nerve roots by multiple arachnoid bands, requiring techniques of Microdissection for its evacuation unlike the epidural and subdural haematomas that are easily aspirated. Here, we report a unique case of a ventrolateral SSH due to TBI.


Subject(s)
Brown-Sequard Syndrome/etiology , Hematoma/complications , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Aged, 80 and over , Cervical Vertebrae , Female , Humans
18.
Educ. med. super ; 31(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-72535

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la punción lumbar diagnóstica es un procedimiento frecuente en los servicios de urgencia y hospitalización infantiles, esencial para el diagnóstico de enfermedades infecciosas, inflamatorias, oncológicas y metabólicas. La Punción lumbar fallida o traumática necesariamente implica el ingreso y tratamiento antibiótico del paciente. Objetivos: identificar las causas subjetivas de la Punción lumbar fallida, según categoría ocupacional y orden de importancia y necesidades de aprendizaje, para el diseño de estrategias de capacitación. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal mediante encuesta anónima a 63 profesionales de las áreas de atención de urgencias, que incluye especialistas, residentes y enfermeros. Resultados: las causas subjetivas más frecuentes fueron: la mala inmovilización del niño, mala técnica/habilidad del proceder y trócar no adecuado a la edad del paciente. Conclusiones: es necesario diseñar estrategias de capacitación al personal médico en formación y al personal de enfermería, para la adecuada competencia en la realización de la Punción lumbar en niños(AU)


Introduction: Diagnostic lumbar puncture is a frequent procedure in the emergency and hospitalization services for children, essential for the diagnosis of infectious, inflammatory, oncological and metabolic diseases. Failed or traumatic lumbar puncture necessarily implies the patient's antibiotic treatment and admission. Objectives: To identify the subjective causes of failed lumbar puncture, according to the occupational category and order of importance and learning needs, for the design of training strategies. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study by anonymous survey of 63 professionals from the emergency care areas, which includes specialists, residents and nurses.Results: The most frequent subjective causes were the children's poor immobilization, poor technique or ability to proceed, and trocar not adequate to the patient's age. Conclusions: It is necessary to design training strategies for the medical personnel being trained and for the nursing staff, for the appropriate competence in performing the lumbar puncture in children(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Learning , Spinal Puncture/methods , Aptitude , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive
19.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 33(2): 84-93, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-886428

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS: Describir las características clínicas y paraclínicas de niños entre 3 meses y 14 años diagnosticados con meningitis bacteriana aguda. Describir los hallazgos de neuroimágenes, especificar los gérmenes aislados en los pacientes y su patrón de susceptibilidad por antibiograma. Evidenciar las complicaciones neurológicas al egreso y documentar la frecuencia de la mortalidad que presentan los pacientes hospitalizados por meningitis bacteriana aguda (MBA) en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (HUSVF). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los registros de pacientes con diagnóstico al egreso hospitalario de MBA desde el 1 de enero de 2011 al 31 de diciembre de 2015. Los datos fueron tomados de las historias clínicas de pacientes del Hospital Infantil del HUSVF. Los pacientes admitidos fueron aquellos niños entre 3 meses y 14 años con diagnóstico clínico de meningitis bacteriana aguda con LCR alterado y que cumplieran con uno o más de los siguientes requisitos: hemocultivos positivos, látex positivo, aislamiento en cultivo LCR, o clínica y evolución característica de MBA. Se extrajo información demográfica, manifestaciones clínicas al ingreso hospitalario y los hallazgos en los exámenes de laboratorio así como la presencia de complicaciones durante la estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS IBM statistics 23,0. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 44 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 63,7 meses (56,4 DE). Predominó el sexo masculino con 27 niños (61,4 %). La mayoría de los pacientes residían en el departamento de Antioquia 86,4%. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre en el 77,3 %, alteración del estado de conciencia en el 77,3 %, vómito en un 70,5 % y convulsiones en el 54,5 %. La cefalea solo se evidenció en el 40,9 % de los casos. Los signos de irritación meníngea también fueron visualizados en un gran porcentaje, la rigidez de nuca en el 70,5 %. En 30 pacientes la toma de la punción lumbar fue posterior al inicio del tratamiento antibiótico, es por esto que solo en el 22,5 % de los casos se pudo obtener aislamiento microbiológico en el cultivo de LCR, siendo S .pneumoniae el microorganismo predominante. El segundo microorganismo aislado en frecuencia fue H. influenzae no tipificable y N. meningitidis. En el 50 % de la muestra evaluada se observaron complicaciones neurológicas, entre ellas: algún tipo de déficit motor, epilepsia, hipoacusia neurosensorial, y compromiso de pares craneanos. La mortalidad fue del 13,6 %. CONCLUSIÓN: El Streptococcus pneumoniae es el agente causal más frecuente, aunque no se debe descuidar la vigilancia epidemiológica de H. influenzae no tipificable y Neisseria meningitidis. Este estudio nos muestra las dificultades que involucra la identificación de la etiología de la meningitis. Muchos casos recibieron antibióticos antes del diagnóstico definitivo. Aun utilizando todas las técnicas de laboratorio, un número considerable de pacientes permanecieron sin diagnóstico definitivo. Por lo tanto, conocer el perfil etiológico de las meningitis en una región, antes de ser una simple curiosidad médica, tiene valor fundamental en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas y profilácticas.


SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and paraclinical features in children between 3 months and 14 years of age with acute bacterial meningitis diagnosis. To describe neuroimaging finds, to specify germs isolated and its susceptibility pattern by antiobiogram. To establish neurological after hospital discharge-effects and to document the frequency of mortality in hospitalized patients by ABM at San Vicente Foundation University Hospital (from HUSVF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective-descriptive study. Registries of patients with acute bacterial meningitis diagnose at the moment of hospital discharge were included, since January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015. Data was collected from medical histories at the HUSVF Children Hospital. Patients admitted were children between 3 months and 14 years of age with acute bacterial meningitis clinical diagnose having altered CSF; they also had to fulfill one ore more of the following requirements: positive hemoculture, positive latex, culture isolation of CSF, or clinical requirement and suggestive ABM evolution. Demographic information, clinical manifestations while hospital admission and findings in laboratory tests were extracted as well as after-effect presence and complications during the hospital-stay. SPSS IBM Statistics 23,0 was used. RESULTS: 44 patients with an average of 63,7 months (SD 56,4) were included. Male sex was predominant with 27 boys (61,4%). Most of the patients (86,4%) lived in Antioquia, Colombia. Most frequent symptoms were: fever 77,3%, altered state of consciousness 77,3%, vomiting 70,5%, and seizure 54,5%. Only 40,9% of the cases showed headache. Meningeal irritation had also a high percentage, neck stiffness had 70,5%. Lumbar puncture was performed after antibiotic treatment in 30 patients, so that microbiological isolation in CSF culture was only possible in 22,5% of the cases, being the S. pneumoniae the predominant microorganism. The second isolated microorganism by frecuency was non typeable H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. Neurological deficits were observed in the 50% of the sample like: sort of motor deficit, epilepsy, sensorineural hearing loss, and alteration of cranial nerves. Mortality represented 13,6%. CONCLUSIONS: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent agent-cause though H. influenzae tipificable and Neisseria meningitides epidemiological monitoring must not be overlooked. This study shows difficulties involving meningitis etiology identification. Many of the cases get antibiotics before definitive diagnose. Although all laboratory techniques were used, representative number of patients remained without diagnoses. Therefore, to know meningitis etiological profile at a region is not only a simple medical curiosity, it is a fundamental basis for making therapeutic and prophylactic decisions.


Subject(s)
Signs and Symptoms , Spinal Puncture , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Mortality , Meningitis
20.
Educ. med. super ; 31(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-891178

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la punción lumbar diagnóstica es un procedimiento frecuente en los servicios de urgencia y hospitalización infantiles, esencial para el diagnóstico de enfermedades infecciosas, inflamatorias, oncológicas y metabólicas. La Punción lumbar fallida o traumática necesariamente implica el ingreso y tratamiento antibiótico del paciente. Objetivos: identificar las causas subjetivas de la Punción lumbar fallida, según categoría ocupacional y orden de importancia y necesidades de aprendizaje, para el diseño de estrategias de capacitación. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal mediante encuesta anónima a 63 profesionales de las áreas de atención de urgencias, que incluye especialistas, residentes y enfermeros. Resultados: las causas subjetivas más frecuentes fueron: la mala inmovilización del niño, mala técnica/habilidad del proceder y trócar no adecuado a la edad del paciente. Conclusiones: es necesario diseñar estrategias de capacitación al personal médico en formación y al personal de enfermería, para la adecuada competencia en la realización de la Punción lumbar en niños(AU)


Introduction: Diagnostic lumbar puncture is a frequent procedure in the emergency and hospitalization services for children, essential for the diagnosis of infectious, inflammatory, oncological and metabolic diseases. Failed or traumatic lumbar puncture necessarily implies the patient's antibiotic treatment and admission. Objectives: To identify the subjective causes of failed lumbar puncture, according to the occupational category and order of importance and learning needs, for the design of training strategies. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study by anonymous survey of 63 professionals from the emergency care areas, which includes specialists, residents and nurses.Results: The most frequent subjective causes were the children's poor immobilization, poor technique or ability to proceed, and trocar not adequate to the patient's age. Conclusions: It is necessary to design training strategies for the medical personnel being trained and for the nursing staff, for the appropriate competence in performing the lumbar puncture in children(AU)


Subject(s)
Spinal Puncture/methods , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Learning , Aptitude , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
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